diff --git a/changelog b/changelog
index 975de93..b597ab2 100644
--- a/changelog
+++ b/changelog
@@ -1,3 +1,79 @@
+20100228 tpd src/axiom-website/patches.html 20100228.02.tpd.patch
+20100228 tpd src/interp/wi2.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/wi1.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/vmlisp.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/util.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/topics.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/template.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/slam.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/simpbool.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/server.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/record.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/pspad2.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/pspad1.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/profile.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/parsing.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/package.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nruntime.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nrunopt.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nrungo.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nrunfast.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nruncomp.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/newfort.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-s.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-f07.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-f02.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-f01.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-e04.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-e02.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-e01.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-d03.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-d02.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-d01.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-c06.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-c05.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/nag-c02.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/msgdb.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/modemap.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/match.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/mark.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/lisplib.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/iterator.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/interop.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/info.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-util.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-spec2.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-spec1.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-resolv.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-output.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-map.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-intern.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-eval.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-coerce.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/i-analy.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/htcheck.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/ht-util.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/hashcode.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/g-util.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/g-timer.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/g-opt.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/g-error.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/g-cndata.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/g-boot.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/functor.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/fortcall.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/format.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/define.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/database.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/compiler.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/clam.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/cattable.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/category.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/c-util.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/c-doc.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/br-con.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/bc-matrix.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
+20100228 tpd src/interp/as.lisp remove MAKESTRING macro
 20100228 tpd src/axiom-website/patches.html 20100228.01.tpd.patch
 20100228 tpd src/interp/wi2.lisp remove non-common lisp macros
 20100228 tpd src/interp/wi1.lisp remove non-common lisp macros
@@ -165,7 +241,7 @@
 20100203 tpd src/interp/Makefile remove monitor.lisp
 20100203 tpd src/interp/monitor.lisp removed
 20100203 tpd src/input/Makefile add monitortest
-20100203 tpd src/input/monitortest.input.pamphlet unit test monitor code
+20100203 tpd src/input/monitortest.input unit test monitor code
 20100203 tpd books/bookvol5 merge and remove monitor.lisp
 20100202 tpd src/axiom-website/patches.html 20100202.01.tpd.patch
 20100202 tpd src/interp/varini.lisp pick up functions from intint
@@ -237,7 +313,7 @@
 20100118 tpd src/axiom-website/patches.html 20100118.04.tpd.patch
 20100118 tpd src/share/doc/msgs/s2-us.msgs removed unused file
 20100118 tpd src/axiom-website/patches.html 20100118.03.tpd.patch
-20100118 tpd src/interp/vmlisp.lisp.pamphlet update sourceFileList with INPUT
+20100118 tpd src/interp/vmlisp.lisp update sourceFileList with INPUT
 20100118 tpd src/interp/pathname.lisp removed
 20100118 tpd src/interp/lisplib.lisp move functions from pathname.lisp
 20100118 tpd src/interp/Makefile merge and remove pathname.lisp
diff --git a/src/axiom-website/patches.html b/src/axiom-website/patches.html
index 540e2a8..07abcd4 100644
--- a/src/axiom-website/patches.html
+++ b/src/axiom-website/patches.html
@@ -2503,5 +2503,7 @@ src/interp/vmlisp.lisp remove some define-functions<br/>
 src/interp/vmlisp.lisp remove unused functions<br/>
 <a href="patches/20100228.01.tpd.patch">20100228.01.tpd.patch</a>
 src/interp/vmlisp.lisp remove non-common lisp macros<br/>
+<a href="patches/20100228.02.tpd.patch">20100228.02.tpd.patch</a>
+src/interp/*.lisp.pamphlet remove MAKESTRING macro<br/>
  </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/src/interp/as.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/as.lisp.pamphlet
index 3432d5f..74d47e9 100644
--- a/src/interp/as.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/as.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@
   (PROG (|instream| |lines|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (OBEY (MAKESTRING "rm -f temp.text"))
-             (OBEY (MAKESTRING "ls as/*.asy > temp.text"))
-             (SPADLET |instream| (OPEN (MAKESTRING "temp.text")))
+             (OBEY "rm -f temp.text")
+             (OBEY "ls as/*.asy > temp.text")
+             (SPADLET |instream| (OPEN "temp.text"))
              (SPADLET |lines|
                       (PROG (G166062)
                         (SPADLET G166062 NIL)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
               NIL)
            (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                         (|sayBrightly|
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "-----> ")
+                            (CONS "-----> "
                                   (CONS |x| NIL)))
                         (|asTran| |x|)))))
          '|done|)))
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |as| (|name|)
   (PROGN
-    (|astran| (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |name|) (MAKESTRING ".asy")))
+    (|astran| (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |name|) ".asy"))
     '|done|))
 
 ;astran asyFile ==
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
              (SPADLET |$asyFile| |asyFile|)
              (SPADLET |$asFilename|
                       (STRCONC (PATHNAME-NAME |asyFile|)
-                               (MAKESTRING ".as")))
+                               ".as"))
              (|asytran| |asyFile|)
              (SPADLET |conlist|
                       (PROG (G166115)
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
                 (SPADLET |filestring|
                          (STRCONC (PATHNAME-NAME
                                       (STRINGIMAGE |filename|))
-                                  (MAKESTRING ".as")))
+                                  ".as"))
                 (SPADLET |constantPart|
                          (AND (HGET |$constantHash| |con|)
                               (CONS (CONS '|constant| 'T) NIL)))
@@ -715,9 +715,9 @@
 
 (DEFUN |displayDatabase,fn| (|x| |y|)
   (SEQ (|sayBrightly|
-           (CONS (MAKESTRING "----------------- ")
+           (CONS "----------------- "
                  (CONS |y|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " --------------------") NIL))))
+                       (CONS " --------------------" NIL))))
        (EXIT (|pp| (GETDATABASE |x| |y|)))))
 
 (DEFUN |displayDatabase| (|x|)
@@ -764,12 +764,12 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |banner|
-                      (MAKESTRING "=============================="))
+                      "==============================")
              (|sayBrightly|
                  (CONS |banner|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                       (CONS " "
                              (CONS |con|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                   (CONS " "
                                     (CONS |banner| NIL))))))
              (DO ((G166534 |alist| (CDR G166534)) (G166523 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166534)
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (|sayBrightlyNT|
                                 (CONS |prop|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ") NIL)))
+                                      (CONS ": " NIL)))
                             (|pp| |value|))))))))))
 
 ;asGetModemaps(opAlist,oform,kind,modemap) ==
@@ -1094,9 +1094,9 @@
   (PROG (|k|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((SPADLET |k| (STRPOS (MAKESTRING "Description:") |str| 0 NIL))
+        ((SPADLET |k| (STRPOS "Description:" |str| 0 NIL))
          (|asyExtractDescription| (SUBSTRING |str| (PLUS |k| 12) NIL)))
-        ((SPADLET |k| (STRPOS (MAKESTRING "Author:") |str| 0 NIL))
+        ((SPADLET |k| (STRPOS "Author:" |str| 0 NIL))
          (|asyExtractDescription| (SUBSTRING |str| 0 |k|)))
         ('T |str|)))))
 
@@ -1110,8 +1110,8 @@
   (PROG (|m|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((OR (NULL |str|) (BOOT-EQUAL |str| (MAKESTRING "")))
-         (MAKESTRING ""))
+        ((OR (NULL |str|) (BOOT-EQUAL |str| ""))
+         "")
         ('T (SPADLET |m| (MAXINDEX |str|))
          (SPADLET |str| (SUBSTRING |str| 0 |m|)) (|trimString| |str|))))))
 
@@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |inStream| (OPEN |fn|))
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Reading ") (CONS |fn| NIL)))
+                 (CONS "   Reading " (CONS |fn| NIL)))
              (SPADLET |u| (VMREAD |inStream|))
              (SPADLET |$niladics| (|mkNiladics| |u|))
              (DO ((G167029 |$niladics| (CDR G167029)) (|x| NIL))
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |id| '|failed|) |id|)
           ((NEQUAL (KAR |dform|) '|Declare|)
-           (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "asytranDeclaration")))
+           (|systemError| "asytranDeclaration"))
           ('T
            (COND
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |levels| '(|top|))
@@ -1600,7 +1600,7 @@
                  (HPUT |$constantHash| |id| 'T))
                 ('T NIL))))
            (SPADLET |comments|
-                    (OR (LASSOC '|documentation| |r|) (MAKESTRING "")))
+                    (OR (LASSOC '|documentation| |r|) ""))
            (SPADLET |idForm|
                     (COND
                       ((AND (PAIRP |levels|)
@@ -2007,8 +2007,7 @@
                     (|asytranForm1| CDR |levels| |local?|))
                    ('T (|asytranForm1| |x| |levels| |local?|))))
                 ('T
-                 (|error| (MAKESTRING
-                              "DEFINE forms are not handled yet")))))
+                 (|error|                               "DEFINE forms are not handled yet"))))
              ('T
               (COND
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |form| '%) (SPADLET |$hasPerCent| 'T)))
@@ -2148,7 +2147,7 @@
                 (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|)
                      (PROGN (SPADLET |name| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T))))
          |name|)
-        ('T (|error| (MAKESTRING "Bad Enumeration entry")))))))
+        ('T (|error| "Bad Enumeration entry"))))))
 
 ;asytranApplySpecial(x, levels, local?) ==
 ;  x is ['Declare, name, typ, :.] => [":",name,asytranForm(typ, levels, local?)]
@@ -2417,8 +2416,7 @@
                               'T))))))
          (COND
            ((IFCAR |r|)
-            (|error| (MAKESTRING
-                         "ELSE expressions not allowed yet in conditionals")))
+            (|error|                          "ELSE expressions not allowed yet in conditionals"))
            ('T
             (SPADLET |pred|
                      (COND
@@ -2670,7 +2668,7 @@
               ((BOOT-EQUAL |fn| '|With|) 'T)
               ('T NIL)))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|Type|) 'T)
-           ('T (|error| (MAKESTRING "Unknown atomic type")))))
+           ('T (|error| "Unknown atomic type"))))
         ('T (|error| NIL))))))
 
 ;asyAbbreviation(id,n) ==  chk(id,main) where   --> n = number of arguments
@@ -2835,7 +2833,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((NULL (SPADLET |k|
-                        (STRPOS (MAKESTRING "Abbrev: ") |str| 0 NIL)))
+                        (STRPOS "Abbrev: " |str| 0 NIL)))
          NIL)
         ('T (SPADLET |str| (SUBSTRING |str| (PLUS |k| 8) NIL))
          (SPADLET |k| (STRPOS |$stringNewline| |str| 0 NIL))
@@ -4543,7 +4541,7 @@
                        (SEQ (EXIT (|asCategoryParts,build| |x| |pred|))))))
            (IF (|member| |item| '(|noBranch|)) (EXIT '|ok|))
            (IF (NULL |item|) (EXIT '|ok|))
-           (EXIT (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "build error")))))))
+           (EXIT (|systemError| "build error"))))))
 
 (DEFUN |asCategoryParts|
        (&REST G169422 &AUX |options| |category| |conform| |kind|)
diff --git a/src/interp/bc-matrix.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/bc-matrix.lisp.pamphlet
index 04026bb..a480dc3 100644
--- a/src/interp/bc-matrix.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/bc-matrix.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
-                 (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Matrix Basic Command") NIL))
+                 (|htInitPage| "Matrix Basic Command" NIL))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|exitFunction| |exitFunctionOrNil|)
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
-                 (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Basic Matrix Command")
+                 (|htInitPage| "Basic Matrix Command"
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| S (|Symbol|))
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
                . "Enter the general {\\em formula} for the entries:")
               (|text| . "\\newline\\tab{2} ")
               (|bcStrings| (40 "1/(x - i - j - 1)" |formula| FE))))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
             '|bcInputMatrixByFormulaGen|)
         (SPADLET |nrows|
                  (COND
@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@
          (SPADLET |colVar| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|colVar|))
          (SPADLET |nrows| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|nrows|))
          (SPADLET |ncols| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|ncols|))
-         (|bcGen| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "matrix([[") |formula|
-                           (MAKESTRING " for ") |colVar|
-                           (MAKESTRING " in 1..") (STRINGIMAGE |ncols|)
-                           (MAKESTRING "] for ") |rowVar|
-                           (MAKESTRING " in 1..") (STRINGIMAGE |nrows|)
-                           (MAKESTRING "])"))))))))
+         (|bcGen| (STRCONC "matrix([[" |formula|
+                           " for " |colVar|
+                           " in 1.." (STRINGIMAGE |ncols|)
+                           "] for " |rowVar|
+                           " in 1.." (STRINGIMAGE |nrows|)
+                           "])")))))))
 
 ;bcInputExplicitMatrix(htPage,junk) ==
 ;  nrows :=
@@ -252,18 +252,15 @@
                                                    (PROGN
                                                      (SPADLET |rowpart|
                                                       (STRCONC
-                                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                                        "{\\em Row")
+                                                                                                               "{\\em Row"
                                                        (|htStringPad|
                                                         |i| |wrows|)))
                                                      (SPADLET |colpart|
                                                       (STRCONC
-                                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                                        ", Column")
+                                                                                                               ", Column"
                                                        (|htStringPad|
                                                         |j| |wcols|)
-                                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                                        ":}\\space{2}")))
+                                                                                                               ":}\\space{2}"))
                                                      (SPADLET |prefix|
                                                       (STRCONC
                                                        |rowpart|
@@ -275,7 +272,7 @@
                                                          (PLUS |k| 1)))))
                                                      (CONS |prefix|
                                                       (CONS
-                                                       (MAKESTRING "")
+                                                       ""
                                                        (CONS 30
                                                         (CONS 0
                                                          (CONS |name|
@@ -289,11 +286,11 @@
                             (CONS (CONS '|inputStrings| |labelList|)
                                   NIL)))
              (SPADLET |page|
-                      (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Solve Basic Command")
+                      (|htInitPage| "Solve Basic Command"
                           (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-             (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "Enter the entries of the matrix:"))
+             (|bcHt| "Enter the entries of the matrix:")
              (|htMakePage| |labelList|)
-             (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+             (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                  '|bcGenExplicitMatrix|)
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|nrows| |nrows|)
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ncols| |ncols|)
@@ -347,12 +344,12 @@
                 (SPADLET |formula| (ELT |formula| 0))
                 (SPADLET |rowVar| (ELT (LASSOC '|rowVar| |mat|) 0))
                 (SPADLET |colVar| (ELT (LASSOC '|colVar| |mat|) 0))
-                (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "matrix([[") |formula|
-                         (MAKESTRING " for ") |colVar|
-                         (MAKESTRING " in 1..") (STRINGIMAGE |ncols|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "] for ") |rowVar|
-                         (MAKESTRING " in 1..") (STRINGIMAGE |nrows|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "])")))
+                (STRCONC "matrix([[" |formula|
+                         " for " |colVar|
+                         " in 1.." (STRINGIMAGE |ncols|)
+                         "] for " |rowVar|
+                         " in 1.." (STRINGIMAGE |nrows|)
+                         "])"))
                ((SPADLET |mat| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|matrix|))
                 (SPADLET |mat| (REVERSE |mat|))
                 (SPADLET |k| (SPADDIFFERENCE 1))
@@ -407,16 +404,16 @@
                                      (SETQ G166181
                                       (CONS (|bcwords2liststring| |x|)
                                        G166181)))))))))
-                (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "matrix(") |matstring|
-                         (MAKESTRING ")")))
+                (STRCONC "matrix(" |matstring|
+                         ")"))
                ('T (|systemError| NIL))))))))
 
 ;--Hypertex commands other than solve and matrix
 ;bcDrawIt2(ind,a,b) == STRCONC('"{}",ind,'"=",a,'"{}..",b,'"{}")
 
 (DEFUN |bcDrawIt2| (|ind| |a| |b|)
-  (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}") |ind| (MAKESTRING "=") |a|
-           (MAKESTRING "{}..") |b| (MAKESTRING "{}")))
+  (STRCONC "{}" |ind| "=" |a|
+           "{}.." |b| "{}"))
 
 ;bcIndefiniteIntegrate() ==
 ;  htInitPage("Indefinite Integration Basic Command",nil)
@@ -471,8 +468,8 @@
         (SPADLET |integrand|
                  (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|integrand|))
         (SPADLET |var| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|symbol|))
-        (|bcGen| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "integrate(") |integrand|
-                          (MAKESTRING ",") |var| '|)|))))))
+        (|bcGen| (STRCONC "integrate(" |integrand|
+                          "," |var| '|)|))))))
 
 ;bcDefiniteIntegrate() ==
 ;  htInitPage("Definite Integration Basic Command",nil)
@@ -579,18 +576,18 @@
                         (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|fromButton|)
                         '|fromPoint|)
                     (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|from|))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING "%minusInfinity"))))
+                   ('T "%minusInfinity")))
         (SPADLET |upperLimit|
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|toButton|)
                         '|toPoint|)
                     (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|to|))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING "%plusInfinity"))))
+                   ('T "%plusInfinity")))
         (SPADLET |varpart|
-                 (STRCONC |var| (MAKESTRING " = ") |lowerLimit|
-                          (MAKESTRING "..") |upperLimit|))
-        (|bcGen| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "integrate(") |integrand|
-                          (MAKESTRING ",") |varpart| (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+                 (STRCONC |var| " = " |lowerLimit|
+                          ".." |upperLimit|))
+        (|bcGen| (STRCONC "integrate(" |integrand|
+                          "," |varpart| ")"))))))
 
 ;bcSum() ==
 ;  htInitPage("Sum Basic Command",nil)
@@ -663,9 +660,9 @@
         (SPADLET |index| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|index|))
         (SPADLET CAR (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|first|))
         (SPADLET |last| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|last|))
-        (|bcGen| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "sum(") |mand| (MAKESTRING ",")
-                          |index| (MAKESTRING " = ") CAR
-                          (MAKESTRING "..") |last| (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+        (|bcGen| (STRCONC "sum(" |mand| ","
+                          |index| " = " CAR
+                          ".." |last| ")"))))))
 
 ;bcProduct() ==
 ;  htInitPage("Product Basic Command",nil)
@@ -721,9 +718,9 @@
         (SPADLET |index| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|index|))
         (SPADLET CAR (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|first|))
         (SPADLET |last| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|last|))
-        (|bcGen| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "product(") |mand|
-                          (MAKESTRING ",") |index| (MAKESTRING ",") CAR
-                          (MAKESTRING ",") |last| (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+        (|bcGen| (STRCONC "product(" |mand|
+                          "," |index| "," CAR
+                          "," |last| ")"))))))
 
 ;bcDifferentiate() ==
 ;  htInitPage("Differentiate Basic Command",nil)
@@ -777,7 +774,7 @@
            . "\\newline List the number of {\\em times} you want to differentiate with respect to each variable (leave blank if once for each)")
           (|text| . "\\newline\\tab{2} ")
           (|bcStrings| (55 "1 2" |times| S . |quoteString|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|bcDifferentiateGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|bcDifferentiateGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;bcDifferentiateGen htPage ==
@@ -821,16 +818,15 @@
                     (|bcwords2liststring| |indexList|))
                    ('T
                     (|bcError|
-                        (MAKESTRING
-                            "You must say how many times you want to differentiate with respect to each variable---or leave that entry blank")))))
+                                                    "You must say how many times you want to differentiate with respect to each variable---or leave that entry blank"))))
         (SPADLET |lastPart|
                  (COND
                    (|indexpart|
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",") |indexpart|
-                                (MAKESTRING ")")))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING ")"))))
-        (|bcGen| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "differentiate(") |mand|
-                          (MAKESTRING ",") |varpart| |lastPart|))))))
+                       (STRCONC "," |indexpart|
+                                ")"))
+                   ('T ")")))
+        (|bcGen| (STRCONC "differentiate(" |mand|
+                          "," |varpart| |lastPart|))))))
 
 ;bcDraw() ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Draw Basic Command",nil)
@@ -854,31 +850,23 @@
 
 (DEFUN |bcDraw| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Draw Basic Command") NIL)
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "What would you like to draw?"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\newline\\centerline{{\\em Two Dimensional Plots}}\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\lispdownlink{A function of one variable}{(|bcDraw2Dfun|)}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\space{2}y = f(x)\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\lispdownlink{A parametrically defined curve}{(|bcDraw2Dpar|)}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\space{2}(x(t), y(t))\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\lispdownlink{A solution to a polynomial equation}{(|bcDraw2DSolve|)}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\space{2} p(x,y) = 0\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\vspace{1}\\newline "))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\centerline{{\\em Three Dimensional Surfaces}}\\newline\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\lispdownlink{A function of two variables}{(|bcDraw3Dfun|)}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\space{2} z = f(x,y)\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\lispdownlink{A parametrically defined tube}{(|bcDraw3Dpar|)}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\space{2}(x(t), y(t), z(t))\\newline"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\lispdownlink{A parameterically defined surface}{(|bcDraw3Dpar1|)}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\space{2}(x(u,v), y(u,v), z(u,v))\\newline"))
+    (|htInitPage| "Draw Basic Command" NIL)
+    (|bcHt| "What would you like to draw?")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\newline\\centerline{{\\em Two Dimensional Plots}}\\newline")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\lispdownlink{A function of one variable}{(|bcDraw2Dfun|)}")
+    (|bcHt| "\\space{2}y = f(x)\\newline")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\lispdownlink{A parametrically defined curve}{(|bcDraw2Dpar|)}")
+    (|bcHt| "\\space{2}(x(t), y(t))\\newline")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\lispdownlink{A solution to a polynomial equation}{(|bcDraw2DSolve|)}")
+    (|bcHt| "\\space{2} p(x,y) = 0\\newline")
+    (|bcHt| "\\vspace{1}\\newline ")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\centerline{{\\em Three Dimensional Surfaces}}\\newline\\newline")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\lispdownlink{A function of two variables}{(|bcDraw3Dfun|)}")
+    (|bcHt| "\\space{2} z = f(x,y)\\newline")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\lispdownlink{A parametrically defined tube}{(|bcDraw3Dpar|)}")
+    (|bcHt| "\\space{2}(x(t), y(t), z(t))\\newline")
+    (|bcHt|                 "\\lispdownlink{A parameterically defined surface}{(|bcDraw3Dpar1|)}")
+    (|bcHt| "\\space{2}(x(u,v), y(u,v), z(u,v))\\newline")
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;bcDraw2Dfun() ==
@@ -917,7 +905,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcDraw2Dfun| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Draw Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Draw Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| F (|Float|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -967,15 +955,15 @@
         (SPADLET |to1| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|to1|))
         (SPADLET |title| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|title|))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NEQUAL |title| "")
            (SPADLET |titlePart|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                             (MAKESTRING "title ==\"") |title|
-                             (MAKESTRING "\"")))
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |fun|
+                    (STRCONC "{}"
+                             "title ==\"" |title|
+                             "\""))
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |fun|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind| |from1| |to1|) |titlePart|))
           ('T
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |fun|
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |fun|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind| |from1| |to1|))))))))
 
 ;bcDraw2Dpar() ==
@@ -1013,7 +1001,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcDraw2Dpar| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Draw Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Draw Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| F (|Float|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -1065,22 +1053,22 @@
         (SPADLET |to1| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|to1|))
         (SPADLET |title| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|title|))
         (SPADLET |curvePart|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "curve(") (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                          |fun1| (MAKESTRING ",{}") |fun2|
-                          (MAKESTRING ")")))
+                 (STRCONC "curve(" "{}"
+                          |fun1| ",{}" |fun2|
+                          ")"))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NEQUAL |title| "")
            (SPADLET |titlePart|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| "") NIL)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                                (MAKESTRING "title ==\"") |title|
-                                (MAKESTRING "\"")))))
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |curvePart|
+                       (STRCONC "{}"
+                                "title ==\"" |title|
+                                "\""))))
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |curvePart|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind| |from1| |to1|) |titlePart|))
           ('T
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |curvePart|
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |curvePart|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind| |from1| |to1|))))))))
 
 ;bcDraw2DSolve() ==
@@ -1120,7 +1108,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcDraw2DSolve| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Draw Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Draw Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| F (|Float|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -1144,7 +1132,7 @@
           (|text| "\\indent{0}\\vspace{1}\\newline\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "
                   "Optionally enter a {\\em title} for your curve:")
           (|bcStrings| (15 "" |title| S)) (|text| . "\\indent{0}")))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|bcDraw2DSolveGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|bcDraw2DSolveGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;bcDraw2DSolveGen htPage ==
@@ -1179,25 +1167,25 @@
         (SPADLET |to2| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|to2|))
         (SPADLET |title| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|title|))
         (SPADLET |clipPart|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}") (MAKESTRING "range==[{}")
-                          |from1| (MAKESTRING "..") |to1| '|,{}|
-                          |from2| (MAKESTRING "..") |to2|
-                          (MAKESTRING "]")))
+                 (STRCONC "{}" "range==[{}"
+                          |from1| ".." |to1| '|,{}|
+                          |from2| ".." |to2|
+                          "]"))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NEQUAL |title| "")
            (SPADLET |titlePart|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| "") NIL)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                                (MAKESTRING "title ==\"") |title|
-                                (MAKESTRING "\"")))))
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw")
-               (STRCONC |fun| (MAKESTRING " = 0 ")) |ind1| |ind2|
+                       (STRCONC "{}"
+                                "title ==\"" |title|
+                                "\""))))
+           (|bcFinish| "draw"
+               (STRCONC |fun| " = 0 ") |ind1| |ind2|
                |clipPart| |titlePart|))
           ('T
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw")
-               (STRCONC |fun| (MAKESTRING " = 0 ")) |ind1| |ind2|
+           (|bcFinish| "draw"
+               (STRCONC |fun| " = 0 ") |ind1| |ind2|
                |clipPart|)))))))
 
 ;bcDraw3Dfun() ==
@@ -1241,7 +1229,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcDraw3Dfun| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Three Dimensional Draw Basic Command")
+    (|htInitPage| "Three Dimensional Draw Basic Command"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -1305,19 +1293,19 @@
         (SPADLET |to2| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|to2|))
         (SPADLET |title| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|title|))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NEQUAL |title| "")
            (SPADLET |titlePart|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| "") NIL)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                                (MAKESTRING "title ==\"") |title|
-                                (MAKESTRING "\"")))))
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |fun|
+                       (STRCONC "{}"
+                                "title ==\"" |title|
+                                "\""))))
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |fun|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind1| |from1| |to1|)
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind2| |from2| |to2|) |titlePart|))
           ('T
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |fun|
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |fun|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind1| |from1| |to1|)
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind2| |from2| |to2|))))))))
 
@@ -1358,7 +1346,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcDraw3Dpar| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Draw Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Draw Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| F (|Float|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -1418,25 +1406,25 @@
         (SPADLET |to1| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|to1|))
         (SPADLET |title| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|title|))
         (SPADLET |curvePart|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "curve(") (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                          |fun1| (MAKESTRING ",{}") |fun2|
-                          (MAKESTRING ",{}") |fun3| (MAKESTRING ")")))
+                 (STRCONC "curve(" "{}"
+                          |fun1| ",{}" |fun2|
+                          ",{}" |fun3| ")"))
         (SPADLET |tubePart|
-                 (MAKESTRING "{}tubeRadius==.25,{}tubePoints==16"))
+                 "{}tubeRadius==.25,{}tubePoints==16")
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NEQUAL |title| "")
            (SPADLET |titlePart|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| "") NIL)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                                (MAKESTRING "title ==\"") |title|
-                                (MAKESTRING "\"")))))
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |curvePart|
+                       (STRCONC "{}"
+                                "title ==\"" |title|
+                                "\""))))
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |curvePart|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind| |from1| |to1|) |tubePart|
                |titlePart|))
           ('T
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |curvePart|
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |curvePart|
                (|bcDrawIt2| |ind| |from1| |to1|) |tubePart|)))))))
 
 ;bcDraw3Dpar1() ==
@@ -1487,7 +1475,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcDraw3Dpar1| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Draw Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Draw Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| F (|Float|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -1523,7 +1511,7 @@
                   "Optionally enter a {\\em title} for your surface:")
           (|bcStrings| (15 "surface" |title| S))
           (|text| . "\\indent{0}")))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|bcDraw3Dpar1Gen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|bcDraw3Dpar1Gen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;bcDraw3Dpar1Gen htPage ==
@@ -1564,21 +1552,21 @@
         (SPADLET |r1| (|bcDrawIt2| |ind1| |from1| |to1|))
         (SPADLET |r2| (|bcDrawIt2| |ind2| |from2| |to2|))
         (SPADLET |surfacePart|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "surface(") (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                          |fun1| (MAKESTRING ",{}") |fun2|
-                          (MAKESTRING ",{}") |fun3| (MAKESTRING ")")))
+                 (STRCONC "surface(" "{}"
+                          |fun1| ",{}" |fun2|
+                          ",{}" |fun3| ")"))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NEQUAL |title| "")
            (SPADLET |titlePart|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |title| "") NIL)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{}")
-                                (MAKESTRING "title ==\"") |title|
-                                (MAKESTRING "\"")))))
-           (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |surfacePart| |r1| |r2|
+                       (STRCONC "{}"
+                                "title ==\"" |title|
+                                "\""))))
+           (|bcFinish| "draw" |surfacePart| |r1| |r2|
                |titlePart|))
-          ('T (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "draw") |surfacePart| |r1| |r2|)))))))
+          ('T (|bcFinish| "draw" |surfacePart| |r1| |r2|)))))))
 
 ;bcSeries() ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Series Basic Command",nil)
@@ -1601,7 +1589,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcSeries| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Series Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Series Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| S (|String|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -1652,7 +1640,7 @@
   (declare (ignore |a| |b|))
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Series Expansion Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Series Expansion Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| EEM (|Expression| |$EmptyMode|))
@@ -1673,7 +1661,7 @@
            . "Enter the {\\em point} about which you want to expand")
           (|text| . "\\tab{49}")
           (|bcStrings| (8 "\\%pi/2" |point| EM))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
         '|bcSeriesExpansionGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
@@ -1694,7 +1682,7 @@
         (SPADLET |terms|
                  (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|numberOfTerms|))
         (|bcFinish| '|series| |fun|
-            (STRCONC |var| (MAKESTRING " = ") |point|))))))
+            (STRCONC |var| " = " |point|))))))
 
 ;bcSeriesByFormula(a,b) ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Power Series Basic Command",nil)
@@ -1716,7 +1704,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcSeriesByFormula| (|a| |b|)
   (declare (ignore |a| |b|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Power Series Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Power Series Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|text|
            . "Select the kind of power series you want to create:")
@@ -1788,7 +1776,7 @@
   (declare (ignore |a| |b|))
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Taylor Series Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Taylor Series Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| EEM (|Expression| |$EmptyMode|))
@@ -1880,7 +1868,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcLaurentSeries| (|a| |b|)
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|) (ignore |a| |b|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Laurent Series Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Laurent Series Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| EEM (|Expression| |$EmptyMode|))
@@ -1971,7 +1959,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcPuiseuxSeries| (|a| |b|)
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|) (ignore |a| |b|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Puiseux Series Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Puiseux Series Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| EEM (|Expression| |$EmptyMode|))
@@ -2052,10 +2040,10 @@
         (SPADLET |index| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|index|))
         (SPADLET |var| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|variable|))
         (SPADLET |point| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|point|))
-        (SPADLET |varPart| (STRCONC |var| (MAKESTRING " = ") |point|))
-        (SPADLET |minPart| (STRCONC |min| (MAKESTRING "..")))
-        (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "series")
-            (STRCONC |index| (MAKESTRING " +-> ") |formula|) |varPart|
+        (SPADLET |varPart| (STRCONC |var| " = " |point|))
+        (SPADLET |minPart| (STRCONC |min| ".."))
+        (|bcFinish| "series"
+            (STRCONC |index| " +-> " |formula|) |varPart|
             |minPart| |step|)))))
 
 ;bcLimit() ==
@@ -2086,7 +2074,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcLimit| ()
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Limit Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Limit Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| S (|String|)) (|isDomain| SY (|Symbol|)))
@@ -2145,7 +2133,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcRealLimit| (|a| |b|)
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|) (ignore |a| |b|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Real Limit Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Real Limit Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| S (|String|)) (|isDomain| F (|Float|))
@@ -2203,13 +2191,13 @@
          (SPADLET |loc|
                   (COND
                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |p| '|plusInfinity|)
-                     (MAKESTRING "%plusInfinity"))
-                    ('T (MAKESTRING "%minusInfinity"))))
-         (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "limit") |fun|
-             (STRCONC |var| (MAKESTRING " = ") |loc|)))
+                     "%plusInfinity")
+                    ('T "%minusInfinity")))
+         (|bcFinish| "limit" |fun|
+             (STRCONC |var| " = " |loc|)))
         ('T
          (SPADLET |page|
-                  (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Real Limit Basic Command")
+                  (|htInitPage| "Real Limit Basic Command"
                       NIL))
          (|htMakePage|
              '((|text| . "Compute the limit")
@@ -2246,14 +2234,14 @@
         (SPADLET |direction|
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|right|)
-                    (MAKESTRING "\"right\""))
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|left|) (MAKESTRING "\"left\""))
+                    "\"right\"")
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|left|) "\"left\"")
                    ('T NIL)))
         (SPADLET |fun| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|fun|))
         (SPADLET |var| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|var|))
         (SPADLET |loc| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|loc|))
-        (SPADLET |varPart| (STRCONC |var| (MAKESTRING " = ") |loc|))
-        (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "limit") |fun| |varPart| |direction|)))))
+        (SPADLET |varPart| (STRCONC |var| " = " |loc|))
+        (|bcFinish| "limit" |fun| |varPart| |direction|)))))
 
 ;bcComplexLimit(a,b) ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Complex Limit Basic Command",nil)
@@ -2291,7 +2279,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcComplexLimit| (|a| |b|)
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|) (ignore |a| |b|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Complex Limit Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Complex Limit Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
               (|isDomain| S (|String|)) (|isDomain| F (|Float|))
@@ -2360,25 +2348,25 @@
                                  '|complex|))
                     (SPADLET |complexPart|
                              (COND
-                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |comp| (MAKESTRING "0"))
-                                (MAKESTRING ""))
-                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |comp| (MAKESTRING "1"))
-                                (MAKESTRING "%i"))
-                               ('T (STRCONC |comp| (MAKESTRING "*%i")))))
+                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |comp| "0")
+                                "")
+                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |comp| "1")
+                                "%i")
+                               ('T (STRCONC |comp| "*%i"))))
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |real| (MAKESTRING "0"))
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |real| "0")
                        (COND
-                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |complexPart| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |complexPart| "")
                           '|0|)
                          ('T |complexPart|)))
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |complexPart| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |complexPart| "")
                        |real|)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC |real| (MAKESTRING " + ")
+                       (STRCONC |real| " + "
                                 |complexPart|))))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING "%infinity"))))
-        (SPADLET |varPart| (STRCONC |var| (MAKESTRING " = ") |loc|))
-        (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "complexLimit") |fun| |varPart|)))))
+                   ('T "%infinity")))
+        (SPADLET |varPart| (STRCONC |var| " = " |loc|))
+        (|bcFinish| "complexLimit" |fun| |varPart|)))))
 
 ;  -- HyperTeX basic Solve Command
 ;$systemType := nil
@@ -2409,7 +2397,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |bcSolve| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Solve Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Solve Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|text| . "What do you want to solve? ")
           (|text| . "\\beginmenu") (|text| . "\\item ")
@@ -2447,7 +2435,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcLinearSolve| (|p| |nn|)
   (declare (ignore |p| |nn|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Basic Solve Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Basic Solve Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|text| . "How do you want to enter the equations?")
           (|text| . "\\beginmenu") (|text| . "\\item ")
@@ -2477,13 +2465,13 @@
 (DEFUN |bcLinearSolveEqns| (|htPage| |p|)
   (declare (ignore |htPage| |p|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Basic Solve Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Basic Solve Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
           (|inputStrings|
               ("Enter the {\\em number} of equations:" "" 5 2
                |numberOfEquations| PI))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|bcLinearSolveEqns1|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|bcLinearSolveEqns1|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;bcSystemSolve(htPage, p) ==
@@ -2498,13 +2486,13 @@
 (DEFUN |bcSystemSolve| (|htPage| |p|)
   (declare (ignore |htPage| |p|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Basic Solve Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Basic Solve Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
           (|inputStrings|
               ("Enter the {\\em number} of equations:" "" 5 2
                |numberOfEquations| PI))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|bcSystemSolveEqns1|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|bcSystemSolveEqns1|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;bcSolveSingle(htPage,p) ==
@@ -2572,7 +2560,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
-                 (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Solve Basic Command")
+                 (|htInitPage| "Solve Basic Command"
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|numberOfEquations|
             (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|numberOfEquations|))
@@ -2661,17 +2649,16 @@
                     (SEQ (IF (> |i| 99) (EXIT 0))
                          (IF (> |i| 9) (EXIT 1)) (EXIT 2)))
            (SPADLET |prefix|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING
-                                 "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Equation ")
-                             (STRINGIMAGE |i|) (MAKESTRING ":}")))
+                    (STRCONC                                  "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Equation "
+                             (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ":}"))
            (SPADLET |prefix|
-                    (STRCONC |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\space{")
-                             (STRINGIMAGE |spacer|) (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                    (STRCONC |prefix| "\\space{"
+                             (STRINGIMAGE |spacer|) "}"))
            (SPADLET |lnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "l")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "l"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |var|
                     (SEQ (IF |linearp|
@@ -2741,20 +2728,20 @@
                                  (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
                             |labelList|))
              (SPADLET |page|
-                      (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Solve Basic Command")
+                      (|htInitPage| "Solve Basic Command"
                           (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|numberOfEquations| |numEqs|)
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|solutionMethod|
                  |solutionMethod|)
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2}"))
+             (|htSay| "\\newline\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2}")
              (|htSay| (COND
                         ((EQL |numEqs| 1)
-                         (MAKESTRING "Enter the {\\em Equation}:"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "Enter the {\\em Equations}:"))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\tab{2}"))
+                         "Enter the {\\em Equation}:")
+                        ('T "Enter the {\\em Equations}:")))
+             (|htSay| "\\newline\\tab{2}")
              (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-             (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2}"))
+             (|bcHt| "\\blankline ")
+             (|htSay| "\\newline\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2}")
              (|htMakePage|
                  (COND
                    ((EQL |numEqs| 1)
@@ -2776,7 +2763,7 @@
                                            (CONS 'P NIL))))
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL))))))
-             (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+             (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                  '|bcInputEquationsEnd|)
              (|htShowPage|))))))
 
@@ -2784,7 +2771,7 @@
 ;   STRCONC('"x",STRINGIMAGE i)
 
 (DEFUN |bcCreateVariableString| (|i|)
-  (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)))
+  (STRCONC "x" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)))
 
 ;bcMakeUnknowns(number)==
 ;   APPLY('CONCAT,[STRCONC(bcCreateVariableString(i)," ") for i in 1..number])
@@ -2918,7 +2905,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
-                 (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Solve Basic Command")
+                 (|htInitPage| "Solve Basic Command"
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|text| . "What would you like?")
@@ -2932,7 +2919,7 @@
               (|inputStrings|
                   ("Enter the number of desired {\\em digits} of accuracy"
                    "" 5 20 |acc| PI))))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
             '|bcSolveNumerically1|)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
@@ -2980,8 +2967,8 @@
            (SPADLET |accString|
                     (COND
                       ((|member| |kind| '(|rf| |cf|))
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "1.e-") |digits|))
-                      ('T (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "1/10**") |digits|))))))
+                       (STRCONC "1.e-" |digits|))
+                      ('T (STRCONC "1/10**" |digits|))))))
         (SPADLET |alist| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|inputArea|))
         (SPADLET |varpart| (CADAR |alist|))
         (SPADLET |r| (CDR |alist|))
@@ -2996,15 +2983,15 @@
            (SPADLET |name|
                     (COND
                       ((|member| |kind| '(|rf| |rr|))
-                       (MAKESTRING "solve"))
-                      ('T (MAKESTRING "complexSolve"))))
+                       "solve")
+                      ('T "complexSolve")))
            (|bcFinish| |name| |eqnString| |accString|))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |name|
                     (COND
                       ((BOOT-EQUAL |solutionMethod| '|radical|)
-                       (MAKESTRING "radicalSolve"))
-                      ('T (MAKESTRING "solve"))))
+                       "radicalSolve")
+                      ('T "solve")))
            (|bcFinish| |name| |eqnString| |varString| |accString|)))))))
 
 ;bcLinearSolveMatrix(htPage,junk) ==
@@ -3030,7 +3017,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING "Linear Solve Basic Command")
+                     "Linear Solve Basic Command"
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|matrix|
             (|bcLinearExtractMatrix| |htPage|))
@@ -3080,16 +3067,16 @@
                     (SEQ (IF (> |i| 99) (EXIT 0))
                          (IF (> |i| 9) (EXIT 1)) (EXIT 2)))
            (SPADLET |prefix|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\em Coefficient ")
-                             (STRINGIMAGE |i|) (MAKESTRING ":}")))
+                    (STRCONC "{\\em Coefficient "
+                             (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ":}"))
            (IF (NEQUAL |spacer| 0)
                (SPADLET |prefix|
-                        (STRCONC |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\space{")
+                        (STRCONC |prefix| "\\space{"
                                  (STRINGIMAGE |spacer|)
-                                 (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                                 "}"))
                NIL)
            (SPADLET |name|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "c"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS |prefix|
                        (CONS '||
@@ -3118,7 +3105,7 @@
                                          G166692))))))))
              (SPADLET |page|
                       (|htInitPage|
-                          (MAKESTRING "Linear Solve Basic Command")
+                          "Linear Solve Basic Command"
                           (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|matrix|
                  (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|matrix|))
@@ -3172,7 +3159,7 @@
              (SPADLET |matform| (|bcMatrixGen| |htPage|))
              (COND
                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|homo|)
-                (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "nullSpace") |matform|))
+                (|bcFinish| "nullSpace" |matform|))
                ('T
                 (SPADLET |vector|
                          (PROG (G166720)
@@ -3193,11 +3180,11 @@
                                       (CONS (ELT |x| 1) G166720))))))))
                 (SPADLET |vecform| (|bcVectorGen| |vector|))
                 (SPADLET |form|
-                         (|bcMkFunction| (MAKESTRING "solve") |matform|
+                         (|bcMkFunction| "solve" |matform|
                              (CONS |vecform| NIL)))
                 (|bcGen| (COND
                            ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|particular|)
-                            (STRCONC |form| (MAKESTRING ".particular")))
+                            (STRCONC |form| ".particular"))
                            ('T |form|))))))))))
 
 ;linearFinalRequest(nhh,mat,vect) ==
@@ -3214,13 +3201,12 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (|sayBrightly|
-            (MAKESTRING
-                "Do you want more information on the meaning of the output"))
-        (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "   (1) no "))
-        (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "   (2) yes "))
+                            "Do you want more information on the meaning of the output")
+        (|sayBrightly| "   (1) no ")
+        (|sayBrightly| "   (2) yes ")
         (SPADLET |tt| (|bcQueryInteger| 1 2 'T))
         (COND
-          ((EQL |tt| 1) (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "Bye Bye")))
+          ((EQL |tt| 1) (|sayBrightly| "Bye Bye"))
           ((EQL |tt| 2) (|explainLinear| |nhh|)))))))
 
 ;explainLinear(flag) ==
@@ -3258,16 +3244,15 @@
   (PROG (|tt|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "Do you like:"))
+        (|sayBrightly| "Do you like:")
         (|sayBrightly|
-            (MAKESTRING "   (1) the solutions how they are displayed"))
-        (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "   (2) to get ????"))
+            "   (1) the solutions how they are displayed")
+        (|sayBrightly| "   (2) to get ????")
         (|sayBrightly|
-            (MAKESTRING
-                "   (3) more information on the meaning of the output"))
+                            "   (3) more information on the meaning of the output")
         (SPADLET |tt| (|bcQueryInteger| 1 3 'T))
         (COND
-          ((EQL |tt| 1) (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "Bye Bye")))
+          ((EQL |tt| 1) (|sayBrightly| "Bye Bye"))
           ((EQL |tt| 2)
            (|moreExactSolution| |equations| |unknowns|))
           ((EQL |tt| 3) (|explainExact| |equations| |unknowns|)))))))
@@ -3297,7 +3282,7 @@
                       ('T (CAR |varlist|))))
            (SPADLET |alist| (CDR |alist|))))
         (SPADLET |eqnString| (|bcGenEquations| |alist|))
-        (|bcFinish| (MAKESTRING "solve") |eqnString| |varString|)))))
+        (|bcFinish| "solve" |eqnString| |varString|)))))
 
 ;bcGenEquations alist ==
 ;  y := alist
@@ -3324,7 +3309,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |eqnlist|
                                      (CONS
                                       (STRCONC |left|
-                                       (MAKESTRING " = ") |right|)
+                                       " = " |right|)
                                       |eqnlist|))))))
              (COND
                ((CDR |eqnlist|) (|bcwords2liststring| |eqnlist|))
@@ -3359,7 +3344,7 @@
                                          (|x|
                                           (SETQ G166797
                                            (CONS |x| G166797))))))))))
-             (STRCONC |name| (MAKESTRING "(") |arg|
+             (STRCONC |name| "(" |arg|
                       (PROG (G166809)
                         (SPADLET G166809 "")
                         (RETURN
@@ -3372,8 +3357,8 @@
                                G166809)
                             (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166809
                                         (STRCONC G166809
-                                         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",") |x|))))))))
-                      (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+                                         (STRCONC "," |x|))))))))
+                      ")"))))))
 
 ;bcString2HyString2 s ==
 ;  (STRINGP s) and (s.0 = char '_")  =>
@@ -3387,9 +3372,9 @@
       (COND
         ((AND (STRINGP |s|) (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |s| 0) (|char| '|"|)))
          (SPADLET |len| (|#| |s|))
-         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\\"")
+         (STRCONC "\\\""
                   (SUBSTRING |s| 1 (SPADDIFFERENCE |len| 2))
-                  (MAKESTRING "\\\"")))
+                  "\\\""))
         ('T |s|)))))
 
 ;bcString2HyString s == s
@@ -3427,20 +3412,20 @@
   (PROG (|string|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Basic Command") NIL)
+        (|htInitPage| "Basic Command" NIL)
         (SPADLET |string|
                  (COND
                    ((QSLESSP (|#| |command|) 50)
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\centerline{\\tt ")
-                             |command| (MAKESTRING " }}")))
+                    (STRCONC "{\\centerline{\\tt "
+                             |command| " }}"))
                    ('T
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\tt ") |command|
-                             (MAKESTRING " }")))))
+                    (STRCONC "{\\tt " |command|
+                             " }"))))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS '(|text| "{Here is the AXIOM command you could have issued to compute this result:}"
                            "\\vspace{2}\\newline ")
                   (CONS (CONS '|text| |string|) NIL)))
-        (|htMakeDoitButton| (MAKESTRING "Do It") |command|)
+        (|htMakeDoitButton| "Do It" |command|)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
 ;-- bcGen for axiom - nag link
@@ -3462,19 +3447,19 @@
   (PROG (|string|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM-Nag Link Command") NIL)
+        (|htInitPage| "AXIOM-Nag Link Command" NIL)
         (SPADLET |string|
                  (COND
                    ((QSLESSP (|#| |command|) 50)
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\centerline{ ") |command|
-                             (MAKESTRING " }}")))
+                    (STRCONC "{\\centerline{ " |command|
+                             " }}"))
                    ('T |command|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS '(|text| "\\centerline{{\\em Here is the AXIOM command}}"
                            "\\centerline{{\\em you could have issued to compute this result:}}"
                            "\\vspace{2}\\newline ")
                   (CONS (CONS '|text| |string|) NIL)))
-        (|htMakeDoitButton| (MAKESTRING "Do It") |command|)
+        (|htMakeDoitButton| "Do It" |command|)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
 ;bcOptional s ==
@@ -3482,11 +3467,11 @@
 ;  s
 
 (DEFUN |bcOptional| (|s|)
-  (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "")) (MAKESTRING "2")) ('T |s|)))
+  (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "") "2") ('T |s|)))
 
 ;bcvspace() == bcHt '"\vspace{1}\newline "
 
-(DEFUN |bcvspace| () (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\vspace{1}\\newline ")))
+(DEFUN |bcvspace| () (|bcHt| "\\vspace{1}\\newline "))
 
 ;bcString2WordList s == fn(s,0,MAXINDEX s) where
 ;  fn(s,i,n) ==
@@ -3533,15 +3518,15 @@
 ;      STRCONC('", ",first u,fn rest u)
 
 (DEFUN |bcwords2liststring,fn| (|u|)
-  (SEQ (IF (NULL |u|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "]")))
-       (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ", ") (CAR |u|)
+  (SEQ (IF (NULL |u|) (EXIT "]"))
+       (EXIT (STRCONC ", " (CAR |u|)
                       (|bcwords2liststring,fn| (CDR |u|))))))
 
 (DEFUN |bcwords2liststring| (|u|)
   (COND
     ((NULL |u|) NIL)
     ('T
-     (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "[") (CAR |u|)
+     (STRCONC "[" (CAR |u|)
               (|bcwords2liststring,fn| (CDR |u|))))))
 
 ;bcVectorGen vec == bcwords2liststring vec
@@ -3554,13 +3539,13 @@
 
 (DEFUN |bcError| (|string|)
   (PROGN
-    (|sayBrightlyNT| (MAKESTRING "NOTE: "))
+    (|sayBrightlyNT| "NOTE: ")
     (|sayBrightly| |string|)))
 
 ;bcDrawIt(ind,a,b) == STRCONC(ind,'"=",a,'"..",b)
 
 (DEFUN |bcDrawIt| (|ind| |a| |b|)
-  (STRCONC |ind| (MAKESTRING "=") |a| (MAKESTRING "..") |b|))
+  (STRCONC |ind| "=" |a| ".." |b|))
 
 ;bcNotReady htPage ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Basic Command",nil)
@@ -3572,7 +3557,7 @@
 (DEFUN |bcNotReady| (|htPage|)
   (declare (ignore |htPage|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Basic Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Basic Command" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|text|
            . "{\\centerline{\\em This facility will soon be available}}")))
@@ -3589,9 +3574,9 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |s| (STRINGIMAGE |n|))
         (SPADLET |ws| (|#| |s|))
-        (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\space{")
+        (STRCONC "\\space{"
                  (STRINGIMAGE (PLUS (SPADDIFFERENCE |w| |ws|) 1))
-                 (MAKESTRING "}") |s|)))))
+                 "}" |s|)))))
 
 ;stringList2String x ==
 ;  null x => '"()"
@@ -3601,9 +3586,9 @@
   (PROG ()
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((NULL |x|) (MAKESTRING "()"))
+             ((NULL |x|) "()")
              ('T
-              (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(") (CAR |x|)
+              (STRCONC "(" (CAR |x|)
                        (PROG (G166923)
                          (SPADLET G166923 "")
                          (RETURN
@@ -3616,9 +3601,9 @@
                                 G166923)
                              (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166923
                                          (STRCONC G166923
-                                          (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",")
+                                          (STRCONC ","
                                            |y|))))))))
-                       (MAKESTRING ")"))))))))
+                       ")")))))))
 
 ;htMkName(s,n) == STRCONC(s,STRINGIMAGE n)
 
diff --git a/src/interp/br-con.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/br-con.lisp.pamphlet
index 9dba180..e5fc1a3 100644
--- a/src/interp/br-con.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/br-con.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -260,31 +260,31 @@
   (PROG (|sourceFileName| |filename|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htSay| '|{\\sf | |name| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+        (|htSay| '|{\\sf | |name| "}")
         (COND
           ((NEQUAL |abbrev| |name|)
            (|bcHt| (CONS '| has abbreviation | (CONS |abbrev| NIL)))))
         (COND
-          (|file?| (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING " is a source file.") NIL))))
+          (|file?| (|bcHt| (CONS " is a source file." NIL))))
         (COND
           ((EQL |nargs| 0)
            (COND
-             ((NEQUAL |abbrev| |name|) (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ".")))
+             ((NEQUAL |abbrev| |name|) (|bcHt| "."))
              ('T NIL)))
           ('T
            (COND
-             ((NEQUAL |abbrev| |name|) (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING " and"))))
+             ((NEQUAL |abbrev| |name|) (|bcHt| " and")))
            (|bcHt| (COND
                      ((EQL |nargs| 1)
-                      (MAKESTRING " takes one argument:"))
+                      " takes one argument:")
                      ('T
                       (CONS '| takes |
                             (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |nargs|)
                                   (CONS '| arguments:| NIL))))))))
         (|htSaturnBreak|)
-        (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\indentrel{2}"))
+        (|htSayStandard| "\\indentrel{2}")
         (COND ((> |nargs| 0) (|kPageArgs| |conform| |signature|)))
-        (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\indentrel{-2}"))
+        (|htSayStandard| "\\indentrel{-2}")
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |name| (SPADDIFFERENCE (|#| |name|) 1))
                (|char| '&))
@@ -295,23 +295,21 @@
         (SPADLET |filename|
                  (|extractFileNameFromPath| |sourceFileName|))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |filename| (MAKESTRING ""))
-           (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}"))
-           (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                        "The source code for the constructor is found in "))))
+          ((NEQUAL |filename| "")
+           (|htSayStandard| "\\newline{}")
+           (|htSay|                         "The source code for the constructor is found in ")))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|text|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\unixcommand{")
+                        (CONS "\\unixcommand{"
                               (CONS |filename|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "}{\\$AXIOM/lib/SPADEDIT ")
+                                                                           "}{\\$AXIOM/lib/SPADEDIT "
                                      (CONS |sourceFileName|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                      (CONS " "
                                        (CONS |name|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))))))
                   NIL))
-        (COND ((NEQUAL |nargs| 0) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "."))))
+        (COND ((NEQUAL |nargs| 0) (|htSay| ".")))
         (|htSaturnBreak|)))))
 
 ;kArgPage(htPage,arg) ==
@@ -357,7 +355,7 @@
                     (ELT '(|First| |Second| |Third| |Fourth| |Fifth|)
                          |n|))))
         (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|rank| |rank|)
-        (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| (MAKESTRING "argument"))
+        (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| "argument")
         (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|)))))
 
 ;reportCategory(conform,typeForm,arg) ==
@@ -386,32 +384,32 @@
   (PROG (|LETTMP#1| |conlist| |attrlist| |oplist| |u|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Argument {\\em ") |arg| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+        (|htSay| "Argument {\\em " |arg| "}")
         (SPADLET |LETTMP#1| (|categoryParts| |conform| |typeForm| 'T))
         (SPADLET |conlist| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |attrlist| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |oplist| (CDDR |LETTMP#1|))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " must "))
+        (|htSay| " must ")
         (COND
-          (|conlist| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "belong to "))
+          (|conlist| (|htSay| "belong to ")
               (COND
                 ((AND (PAIRP |conlist|) (EQ (QCDR |conlist|) NIL)
                       (PROGN (SPADLET |u| (QCAR |conlist|)) 'T))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "category "))
+                 (|htSay| "category ")
                  (|bcConform| (CAR |u|)) (|bcPred| (CDR |u|)))
-                ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "categories:"))
+                ('T (|htSay| "categories:")
                  (|bcConPredTable| |conlist| (|opOf| |conform|))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))))))
+                 (|htSay| "\\newline ")))))
         (COND
-          (|attrlist| (COND (|conlist| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " and "))))
-              (|reportAO| (MAKESTRING "attribute") |attrlist|)
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))))
+          (|attrlist| (COND (|conlist| (|htSay| " and ")))
+              (|reportAO| "attribute" |attrlist|)
+              (|htSay| "\\newline ")))
         (COND
           (|oplist|
               (COND
                 ((OR |conlist| |attrlist|)
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " and "))))
-              (|reportAO| (MAKESTRING "operation") |oplist|))
+                 (|htSay| " and ")))
+              (|reportAO| "operation" |oplist|))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;reportAO(kind,oplist) ==
@@ -435,7 +433,7 @@
   (PROG (|op| |sig| |pred| |attr| |ops| |sigs|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "have ") |kind| (MAKESTRING ":"))
+             (|htSay| "have " |kind| ":")
              (DO ((G165885 |oplist| (CDR G165885)) (G165871 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G165885)
                       (PROGN (SETQ G165871 (CAR G165885)) NIL)
@@ -448,20 +446,20 @@
                         NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                            (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                             (COND
                               ((EQL (|#| |oplist|) 1)
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{"))))
+                               (|htSay| "\\centerline{")))
                             (COND
                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                                   "attribute")
                                (SPADLET |attr|
                                         (|form2String|
                                          (CONS |op| |sig|)))
                                (|satDownLink| |attr|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "(|attrPage| '|")
+                                   (CONS "(|attrPage| '|"
                                     (CONS |attr|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)") NIL)))))
+                                     (CONS "|)" NIL)))))
                               ('T
                                (SPADLET |ops|
                                         (|escapeSpecialChars|
@@ -470,18 +468,18 @@
                                         (|form2HtString|
                                          (CONS '|Mapping| |sig|)))
                                (|satDownLink| |ops|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "(|opPage| '|")
+                                   (CONS "(|opPage| '|"
                                     (CONS |ops|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "| |")
+                                     (CONS "| |"
                                       (CONS |sigs|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)") NIL))))))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                                       (CONS "|)" NIL))))))
+                               (|htSay| ": ")
                                (|bcConform| (CONS '|Mapping| |sig|))))
                             (COND
                               ((EQL (|#| |oplist|) 1)
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                               (|htSay| "}"))
                               ('T NIL))))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline ")))))))
+             (|htSay| "\\newline "))))))
 
 ;mkDomTypeForm(typeForm,conform,domname) == --called by kargPage
 ;  domname => SUBLISLIS(rest domname,rest conform,typeForm)
@@ -709,12 +707,12 @@
            (|errorPage| |htPage| |domname|))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |heading|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "Description of ")
+                    (CONS "Description of "
                           (CONS (|capitalize| |kind|)
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\sf ")
+                                (CONS " {\\sf "
                                       (CONS |name|
                                        (CONS |args|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL)))))))
            (SPADLET |page|
                     (|htInitPage| |heading|
                         (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
@@ -787,14 +785,14 @@
                 (SPADLET |conname| (|opOf| |conform|))
                 (SPADLET |heading|
                          (CONS (|capitalize| |kind|)
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\sf ")
+                               (CONS " {\\sf "
                                      (CONS
                                       (COND
                                         (|domname|
                                          (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL
                                           'T))
                                         ('T |constring|))
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+                                      (CONS "}" NIL)))))
                 (SPADLET |data|
                          (|sublisFormal|
                              (OR (IFCDR |domname|) (CDR |conform|))
@@ -831,15 +829,15 @@
                              (PLUS (PLUS (|#| |conlist|)
                                     (|#| |attrlist|))
                                    (|#| |oplist|))
-                             (MAKESTRING "Export")
-                             (MAKESTRING "Exports")))
+                             "Export"
+                             "Exports"))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
                              (APPEND |prefix|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING " of ")
+                                     (CONS " of "
                                       |heading|))
                              (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginmenu "))
+                (|htSayStandard| "\\beginmenu ")
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|data| |data|)
                 (COND
                   (|conlist|
@@ -847,27 +845,26 @@
                           (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS (|menuButton|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons1|
                                           (CONS |conlist|
                                            (CONS '|names| NIL)))))
                                        NIL))
                                 NIL))
-                      (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}"))
-                      (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                   "All attributes and operations from:"))
+                      (|htSayStandard| "\\tab{2}")
+                      (|htSay|                                    "All attributes and operations from:")
                       (|bcConPredTable| |conlist| (|opOf| |conform|)
                           (CDR |conform|))))
                 (COND
                   (|attrlist| (COND (|conlist| (|htBigSkip|)))
-                      (|kePageDisplay| |page| (MAKESTRING "attribute")
+                      (|kePageDisplay| |page| "attribute"
                           (|kePageOpAlist| |attrlist|))))
                 (COND
                   (|oplist|
                       (COND ((OR |conlist| |attrlist|) (|htBigSkip|)))
-                      (|kePageDisplay| |page| (MAKESTRING "operation")
+                      (|kePageDisplay| |page| "operation"
                           (|kePageOpAlist| |oplist|))))
-                (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING " \\endmenu "))
+                (|htSayStandard| " \\endmenu ")
                 (|htShowPage|))))))))
 
 ;kePageOpAlist oplist ==
@@ -953,44 +950,44 @@
                ((EQL |count| 0) NIL)
                ('T
                 (COND
-                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                    (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist| |opAlist|))
                   ('T
                    (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist| |opAlist|)))
                 (SPADLET |expandProperty|
                          (COND
                            ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                                "operation")
                             '|expandOperations|)
                            ('T '|expandAttributes|)))
                 (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| |expandProperty| '|lists|)
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS (|menuButton|)
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|names| NIL)))))
                                       NIL))
                           NIL))
-                (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}"))
+                (|htSayStandard| "\\tab{2}")
                 (COND
                   ((NEQUAL |count| |total|)
                    (COND
                      ((EQL |count| 1)
-                      (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "1 name for ")))
+                      (|htSay| "1 name for "))
                      ('T
                       (|htSay| (STRINGIMAGE |count|)
-                               (MAKESTRING " names for "))))))
+                               " names for ")))))
                 (COND
                   ((> |total| 1)
-                   (|htSay| (STRINGIMAGE |total|) (MAKESTRING " ")
+                   (|htSay| (STRINGIMAGE |total|) " "
                             (|pluralize| |which|)
-                            (MAKESTRING " are explicitly exported:")))
+                            " are explicitly exported:"))
                   ('T
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "1 ") |which|
-                            (MAKESTRING " is explicitly exported:"))))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
+                   (|htSay| "1 " |which|
+                            " is explicitly exported:")))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
                 (SPADLET |data|
                          (|dbGatherData| |htPage| |opAlist| |which|
                              '|names|))
@@ -1044,29 +1041,28 @@
                       ((NULL |domname|)
                        (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                       (CONS "{\\sf "
                              (CONS (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL 'T)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                   (CONS "}" NIL))))))
            (COND
              (|domname|
                  (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|domname| |domname|)
                  (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|heading| |heading|)))
            (SPADLET |domain|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category")) NIL)
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category") NIL)
                       ('T (EVAL |domname|))))
            (SPADLET |conform| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|))
            (SPADLET |page|
                     (|htInitPageNoScroll| (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "Search order for ")
+                        (CONS "Search order for "
                               |heading|)))
-           (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                        "When an operation is not defined by the domain, the following domains are searched in order for a \"default definition"))
-           (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll "))
+           (|htSay|                         "When an operation is not defined by the domain, the following domains are searched in order for a \"default definition")
+           (|htSayStandard| "\\beginscroll ")
            (SPADLET |u| (|dbSearchOrder| |conform| |domname| |domain|))
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |u|)
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing|
-               (MAKESTRING "constructor"))
+               "constructor")
            (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|)))))))
 
 ;dbSearchOrder(conform,domname,$domain) ==  --domain = nil or set to live domain
@@ -1282,12 +1278,12 @@
                       ((NULL |domname|)
                        (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                       (CONS "{\\sf "
                              (CONS (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL 'T)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                   (CONS "}" NIL))))))
            (SPADLET |page|
                     (|htInitPage|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "Cross Reference for ")
+                        (CONS "Cross Reference for "
                               |heading|)
                         (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
            (COND
@@ -1295,39 +1291,35 @@
                  (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|domname| |domname|)
                  (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|heading| |heading|)))
            (COND
-             ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+             ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
                    (|dbpHasDefaultCategory?| |xpart|))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                           "This category has default package "))
-              (|bcCon| (STRCONC |name| (|char| '&)) (MAKESTRING ""))))
-           (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline")) (|htBeginMenu| 3)
-           (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\item "))
+              (|htSay|                            "This category has default package ")
+              (|bcCon| (STRCONC |name| (|char| '&)) "")))
+           (|htSayStandard| "\\newline") (|htBeginMenu| 3)
+           (|htSayStandard| "\\item ")
            (SPADLET |message|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Categories it directly extends")
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
+                       (CONS                                  "Categories it directly extends"
                              NIL))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "Categories the ")
+                       (CONS "Categories the "
                              (CONS (COND
                                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind|
-                                       (MAKESTRING "default package"))
-                                      (MAKESTRING "package"))
+                                       "default package")
+                                      "package")
                                      ('T |kind|))
                                    (CONS
-                                    (MAKESTRING
-                                     " belongs to by assertion")
+                                                                         " belongs to by assertion"
                                     NIL))))))
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                        "\\menuitemstyle{Parents}")
+                           (CONS (CONS                                         "\\menuitemstyle{Parents}"
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS '|text|
                                           (CONS
-                                           (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                           "\\tab{12}"
                                            |message|))
                                          NIL)
                                         (CONS '|kcpPage|
@@ -1337,24 +1329,22 @@
            (|satBreak|)
            (SPADLET |message|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "All categories it is an extension of")
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
+                       (CONS                                  "All categories it is an extension of"
                              NIL))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "All categories the ")
+                       (CONS "All categories the "
                              (CONS |kind|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING " belongs to")
+                                   (CONS " belongs to"
                                     NIL))))))
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                        "\\menuitemstyle{Ancestors}")
+                           (CONS (CONS                                         "\\menuitemstyle{Ancestors}"
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS '|text|
                                           (CONS
-                                           (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                           "\\tab{12}"
                                            |message|))
                                          NIL)
                                         (CONS '|kcaPage|
@@ -1362,19 +1352,17 @@
                                  NIL))
                      NIL))
            (COND
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category")) (|satBreak|)
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category") (|satBreak|)
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                               (CONS (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\menuitemstyle{Children}")
+                                                                           "\\menuitemstyle{Children}"
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS '|text|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                        (CONS "\\tab{12}"
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Categories which directly extend this category")
+                                                                                     "Categories which directly extend this category"
                                           NIL)))
                                        NIL)
                                       (CONS '|kccPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
@@ -1384,15 +1372,13 @@
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                               (CONS (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\menuitemstyle{Descendants}")
+                                                                           "\\menuitemstyle{Descendants}"
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS '|text|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                        (CONS "\\tab{12}"
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "All categories which extend this category")
+                                                                                     "All categories which extend this category"
                                           NIL)))
                                        NIL)
                                       (CONS '|kcdPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
@@ -1401,17 +1387,15 @@
            (COND
              ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|)) (|satBreak|)
               (SPADLET |message|
-                       (MAKESTRING
-                           "Constructors mentioning this as an argument type"))
+                                                  "Constructors mentioning this as an argument type")
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                               (CONS (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\menuitemstyle{Dependents}")
+                                                                           "\\menuitemstyle{Dependents}"
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS '|text|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                        (CONS "\\tab{12}"
                                          (CONS |message| NIL)))
                                        NIL)
                                       (CONS '|kcdePage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
@@ -1419,37 +1403,33 @@
                         NIL))))
            (COND
              ((AND (NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
-                   (NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category")))
+                   (NEQUAL |kind| "category"))
               (|satBreak|)
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                               (CONS (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\menuitemstyle{Lineage}")
+                                                                           "\\menuitemstyle{Lineage}"
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "\\tab{12}Constructor hierarchy used for operation lookup")
+                                                                             "\\tab{12}Constructor hierarchy used for operation lookup"
                                       (CONS '|ksPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                     NIL))
                         NIL))))
            (COND
              ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
               (COND
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
                  (|satBreak|)
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                  (CONS (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "\\menuitemstyle{Domains}")
+                                                                                 "\\menuitemstyle{Domains}"
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS
                                           (CONS '|text|
                                            (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                            "\\tab{12}"
                                             (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "All domains which are of this category")
+                                                                                           "All domains which are of this category"
                                              NIL)))
                                           NIL)
                                          (CONS '|kcdoPage|
@@ -1457,50 +1437,44 @@
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
               (COND
-                ((NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category")) (|satBreak|)
+                ((NEQUAL |kind| "category") (|satBreak|)
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                  (CONS (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "\\menuitemstyle{Clients}")
+                                                                                 "\\menuitemstyle{Clients}"
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "\\tab{12}Constructors")
+                                                                                   "\\tab{12}Constructors"
                                          (CONS '|kcuPage|
                                           (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))
                  (COND
                    ((HGET |$defaultPackageNamesHT| |conname|)
-                    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                 " which {\\em may use} this default package")))
+                    (|htSay|                                  " which {\\em may use} this default package"))
                    ('T
-                    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " which {\\em use} this ")
+                    (|htSay| " which {\\em use} this "
                              |kind|))))
                 ('T NIL))))
            (COND
-             ((OR (NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+             ((OR (NEQUAL |kind| "category")
                   (|dbpHasDefaultCategory?| |xpart|))
               (|satBreak|)
               (SPADLET |message|
                        (COND
-                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "Constructors {\\em used by} its default package")
+                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
+                          (CONS                                     "Constructors {\\em used by} its default package"
                                 NIL))
                          ('T
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "Constructors {\\em used by} the ")
+                          (CONS                                     "Constructors {\\em used by} the "
                                 (CONS |kind| NIL)))))
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                               (CONS (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\menuitemstyle{Benefactors}")
+                                                                           "\\menuitemstyle{Benefactors}"
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS '|text|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                        (CONS "\\tab{12}"
                                          |message|))
                                        NIL)
                                       (CONS '|kcnPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
@@ -1511,18 +1485,16 @@
                    (|hasNewInfoAlist| |conname|))
               (|satBreak|)
               (SPADLET |message|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Cross reference for capsule implementation")
+                       (CONS                                  "Cross reference for capsule implementation"
                              NIL))
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                               (CONS (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\menuitemstyle{CapsuleInfo}")
+                                                                           "\\menuitemstyle{CapsuleInfo}"
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS '|text|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\tab{12}")
+                                        (CONS "\\tab{12}"
                                          |message|))
                                        NIL)
                                       (CONS '|kciPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
@@ -1579,9 +1551,9 @@
                       ((NULL |domname|)
                        (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                       (CONS "{\\sf "
                              (CONS (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL 'T)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                   (CONS "}" NIL))))))
            (COND
              (|domname|
                  (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|domname| |domname|)
@@ -1590,7 +1562,7 @@
            (SPADLET |conname| (|opOf| |conform|))
            (SPADLET |page|
                     (|htInitPage|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "Parents of ") |heading|)
+                        (CONS "Parents of " |heading|)
                         (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
            (SPADLET |parents| (|parentsOf| |conname|))
            (COND
@@ -1598,7 +1570,7 @@
                                  (SUBLISLIS (CDR |domname|)
                                      (CDR |conform|) |parents|))))
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |parents|)
-           (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| (MAKESTRING "parent"))
+           (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| "parent")
            (SPADLET |choice|
                     (COND (|domname| '|parameters|) ('T '|names|)))
            (|dbShowCons| |htPage| |choice|)))))))
@@ -1643,24 +1615,24 @@
 
 (DEFUN |kcaPage| (|htPage| |junk|)
   (declare (ignore |junk|))
-  (|kcaPage1| |htPage| (MAKESTRING "category") (MAKESTRING " an ")
-      (MAKESTRING "ancestor") (|function| |ancestorsOf|) NIL))
+  (|kcaPage1| |htPage| "category" " an "
+      "ancestor" (|function| |ancestorsOf|) NIL))
 
 ;kcdPage(htPage,junk) ==
 ;  kcaPage1(htPage,'"category",'" a ",'"descendant",function descendantsOf,true)
 
 (DEFUN |kcdPage| (|htPage| |junk|)
   (declare (ignore |junk|))
-  (|kcaPage1| |htPage| (MAKESTRING "category") (MAKESTRING " a ")
-      (MAKESTRING "descendant") (|function| |descendantsOf|) 'T))
+  (|kcaPage1| |htPage| "category" " a "
+      "descendant" (|function| |descendantsOf|) 'T))
 
 ;kcdoPage(htPage,junk)==
 ;  kcaPage1(htPage,'"domain",'" a ",'"descendant",function domainsOf, false)
 
 (DEFUN |kcdoPage| (|htPage| |junk|)
   (declare (ignore |junk|))
-  (|kcaPage1| |htPage| (MAKESTRING "domain") (MAKESTRING " a ")
-      (MAKESTRING "descendant") (|function| |domainsOf|) NIL))
+  (|kcaPage1| |htPage| "domain" " a "
+      "descendant" (|function| |domainsOf|) NIL))
 
 ;kcaPage1(htPage,kind,article,whichever,fn, isCatDescendants?) ==
 ;  [kind,name,nargs,xpart,sig,args,abbrev,comments] := htpProperty(htPage,'parts)
@@ -1714,9 +1686,9 @@
                       ((NULL |domname|)
                        (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                       (CONS "{\\sf "
                              (CONS (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL 'T)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                   (CONS "}" NIL))))))
            (COND
              ((AND |domname| (NULL |isCatDescendants?|))
               (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|domname| |domname|)
@@ -1725,7 +1697,7 @@
            (SPADLET |conname| (|opOf| |conform|))
            (SPADLET |ancestors| (FUNCALL |fn| |conform| |domname|))
            (COND
-             ((NEQUAL |whichever| (MAKESTRING "ancestor"))
+             ((NEQUAL |whichever| "ancestor")
               (SPADLET |ancestors|
                        (|augmentHasArgs| |ancestors| |conform|))))
            (SPADLET |ancestors|
@@ -1781,9 +1753,9 @@
                       ((NULL |domname|)
                        (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                       (CONS "{\\sf "
                              (CONS (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL 'T)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                   (CONS "}" NIL))))))
            (COND
              (|domname|
                  (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|domname| |domname|)
@@ -1792,7 +1764,7 @@
            (SPADLET |conname| (|opOf| |conform|))
            (SPADLET |page|
                     (|htInitPage|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "Children of ") |heading|)
+                        (CONS "Children of " |heading|)
                         (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
            (SPADLET |children|
                     (|augmentHasArgs| (|childrenOf| |conform|)
@@ -1803,7 +1775,7 @@
                           (|reduceAlistForDomain| |children| |domname|
                               |conform|))))
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |children|)
-           (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| (MAKESTRING "child"))
+           (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| "child")
            (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|)))))))
 
 ;augmentHasArgs(alist,conform) ==
@@ -1895,7 +1867,7 @@
              (SPADLET |constring| (STRCONC |name| |args|))
              (SPADLET |conform|
                       (COND
-                        ((NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "default package"))
+                        ((NEQUAL |kind| "default package")
                          (|ncParseFromString| |constring|))
                         ('T
                          (CONS (INTERN |name|)
@@ -1923,7 +1895,7 @@
                                          G166636))))))))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |cAlist|)
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing|
-                 (MAKESTRING "dependent"))
+                 "dependent")
              (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|))))))
 
 ;kcuPage(htPage,junk) ==
@@ -1962,7 +1934,7 @@
              (SPADLET |constring| (STRCONC |name| |args|))
              (SPADLET |conform|
                       (COND
-                        ((NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "default package"))
+                        ((NEQUAL |kind| "default package")
                          (|ncParseFromString| |constring|))
                         ('T
                          (CONS (INTERN |name|)
@@ -1970,7 +1942,7 @@
                                      (STRCONC (|char| '|d|) |args|)))))))
              (SPADLET |pakname|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
                          (INTERN (STRCONC |name| (|char| '&))))
                         ('T (|opOf| |conform|))))
              (SPADLET |domList| (|getUsersOfConstructor| |pakname|))
@@ -1992,7 +1964,7 @@
                                           'T)
                                          G166692))))))))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |cAlist|)
-             (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| (MAKESTRING "user"))
+             (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| "user")
              (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|))))))
 
 ;kcnPage(htPage,junk) ==
@@ -2045,10 +2017,10 @@
                            ((NULL |domname|)
                             (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
                            ('T
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                            (CONS "{\\sf "
                                   (CONS (|form2HtString| |domname| NIL
                                          'T)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))))
                 (COND
                   (|domname|
                       (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|domname| |domname|)
@@ -2056,7 +2028,7 @@
                 (SPADLET |conform| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|))
                 (SPADLET |pakname|
                          (COND
-                           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+                           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
                             (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |conname|)
                                      (|char| '&))))
                            ('T (|opOf| |conform|))))
@@ -2083,7 +2055,7 @@
                                       (CONS (CONS |x| 'T) G166749))))))))
                 (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |cAlist|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing|
-                    (MAKESTRING "benefactor"))
+                    "benefactor")
                 (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|))))))))
 
 ;koPageInputAreaUnchanged?(htPage, nargs) ==
@@ -2103,7 +2075,7 @@
                                       (CONS
                                        (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage|
                                         (INTERN
-                                         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "*")
+                                         (STRCONC "*"
                                           (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
                                        G166784)))))))
                (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|inputAreaList|))))))
@@ -2219,26 +2191,23 @@
                       0)
                    (CONS '|error|
                          (CONS NIL
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\centerline{You gave values for only {\\em ")
+                               (CONS                                       "\\centerline{You gave values for only {\\em "
                                      (CONS |n|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING " } of the {\\em ")
+                                       " } of the {\\em "
                                        (CONS (|#| |args|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}")
+                                        (CONS "}}"
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "\\centerline{parameters of {\\sf ")
+                                                                                     "\\centerline{parameters of {\\sf "
                                           (CONS |name|
                                            (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "}}\\vspace{1}\\centerline{Please enter either {\\em all} or {\\em none} of the type parameters}")
+                                                                                         "}}\\vspace{1}\\centerline{Please enter either {\\em all} or {\\em none} of the type parameters}"
                                             NIL)))))))))))
                   ('T NIL)))
                ('T
                 (SPADLET |argString|
                          (COND
-                           ((NULL |args|) (MAKESTRING "()"))
+                           ((NULL |args|) "()")
                            ('T
                             (SPADLET |argTailPart|
                                      (PROG (G166866)
@@ -2264,7 +2233,7 @@
                                                    (DO
                                                     ((G166882
                                                       (CONS
-                                                       (MAKESTRING ",")
+                                                       ","
                                                        |x|)
                                                       (CDR G166882))
                                                      (G166796 NIL))
@@ -2286,10 +2255,10 @@
                               (SPADLET G166888 "")
                               (RETURN
                                 (DO ((G166893
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                                      (CONS "("
                                        (APPEND (CAR |args|)
                                         (CONS |argTailPart|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL))))
+                                         (CONS ")" NIL))))
                                       (CDR G166893))
                                      (G166797 NIL))
                                     ((OR (ATOM G166893)
@@ -2329,7 +2298,7 @@
   (PROG (|form|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+        ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "") NIL)
         ((AND |domain?| (SPADLET |form| (|conSpecialString?| |s|)))
          (COND
            ((NULL (KDR |form|))
@@ -2475,14 +2444,14 @@
   (PROG (|form| |parse|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "default package"))
+        ((NEQUAL |kind| "default package")
          (SPADLET |form| (STRCONC |name| |argString|))
          (SPADLET |parse| (|parseNoMacroFromString| |form|))
          (COND
            ((NULL |parse|)
-            (|sayBrightlyNT| (MAKESTRING "Won't parse: "))
+            (|sayBrightlyNT| "Won't parse: ")
             (|pp| |form|)
-            (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "Keywords in argument list?")))
+            (|systemError| "Keywords in argument list?"))
            ((ATOM |parse|) (CONS |parse| NIL))
            ('T |parse|)))
         ('T
@@ -2508,7 +2477,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |updown| (|dbCompositeWithMap| |htPage|))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |updown| (MAKESTRING "DOWN"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |updown| "DOWN")
            (SPADLET |domname| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
            (|conOpPage1| (|dbExtractUnderlyingDomain| |domname|)
                (CONS (CONS '|updomain| |domname|) NIL)))
@@ -2528,7 +2497,7 @@
   (PROG (|domain| |opAlist|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((|htpProperty| |htPage| '|updomain|) (MAKESTRING "UP"))
+        ((|htpProperty| |htPage| '|updomain|) "UP")
         ('T (SPADLET |domain| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
          (COND
            ((NULL |domain|) NIL)
@@ -2536,7 +2505,7 @@
             (COND
               ((|dbExtractUnderlyingDomain|
                    (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
-               (MAKESTRING "DOWN"))
+               "DOWN")
               ('T NIL)))))))))
 
 ;dbExtractUnderlyingDomain domain == or/[x for x in KDR domain | isValidType x]
@@ -2625,7 +2594,7 @@
                 (SPADLET |abbrev| (CADDR (CDDDDR |parts|)))
                 (SPADLET |comments| (CADDDR (CDDDDR |parts|)))
                 (SPADLET |isFile| (NULL |kind|))
-                (SPADLET |kind| (OR |kind| (MAKESTRING "package")))
+                (SPADLET |kind| (OR |kind| "package"))
                 (RPLACA |parts| |kind|)
                 (SPADLET |constring| (STRCONC |name| |args|))
                 (SPADLET |conform| (|mkConform| |kind| |name| |args|))
@@ -2634,16 +2603,16 @@
                 (SPADLET |sourceFileName|
                          (|dbSourceFile| (INTERN |name|)))
                 (SPADLET |emString|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                         (CONS "{\\sf "
                                (CONS |constring|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                                     (CONS "}" NIL))))
                 (SPADLET |heading|
                          (CONS |capitalKind|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") |emString|)))
+                               (CONS " " |emString|)))
                 (COND
                   ((NULL (|isExposedConstructor| |conname|))
                    (SPADLET |heading|
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unexposed ") |heading|))))
+                            (CONS "Unexposed " |heading|))))
                 (SPADLET |page| (|htInitPage| |heading| NIL))
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|isFile| 'T)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|fromConOpPage1| 'T)
@@ -2671,7 +2640,7 @@
                            NIL))
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (|htpSetProperty| |page| |a| |b|))))
-                (|koPage| |page| (MAKESTRING "operation")))))))))
+                (|koPage| |page| "operation"))))))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
 ;--           Operation Page from Main Page
@@ -2739,9 +2708,9 @@
                       ('T |constring|)))
            (SPADLET |heading|
                     (CONS (|capitalize| |kind|)
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\sf ")
+                          (CONS " {\\sf "
                                 (CONS |headingString|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+                                      (CONS "}" NIL)))))
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|which| |which|)
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|heading| |heading|)
            (|koPageAux| |htPage| |which| |domname| |heading|)))))))
@@ -2776,10 +2745,10 @@
         (SPADLET |heading| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))
         (SPADLET |opAlist|
                  (COND
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "attribute")
                     (|koAttrs| |conform| |domname|))
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                        (MAKESTRING "general operation"))
+                        "general operation")
                     (|koOps| |conform| |domname| 'T))
                    ('T (|koOps| |conform| |domname|))))
         (COND
@@ -2818,7 +2787,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
              ((BOOT-EQUAL (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|filter|)
-                  (MAKESTRING ""))
+                  "")
               (|koaPageFilterByCategory| |htPage| |functionToCall|))
              ('T
               (SPADLET |filter|
@@ -3091,7 +3060,7 @@
              (SPADLET |sig| (CAR G167382))
              (SPADLET |doc| (CDR G167382))
              G167382
-             (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |$which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+             (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |$which| "attribute")
                       (EXIT (AND (AND (PAIRP |sig|)
                                       (EQ (QCAR |sig|) '|attribute|)
                                       (EQUAL (QCDR |sig|) |$sig|))
@@ -3350,7 +3319,7 @@
                                             (CONS |x| G167520))))))))))
                    (COND
                      ((NULL |u|)
-                      (|emptySearchPage| (MAKESTRING "constructor")
+                      (|emptySearchPage| "constructor"
                           |filter|))
                      ('T
                       (SPADLET |htPage|
@@ -3516,7 +3485,7 @@
                   ((SPADLET |u|
                             (|htpProperty| |page| '|specialMessage|))
                    (APPLY (CAR |u|) (CDR |u|))))
-                (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll "))
+                (|htSayStandard| "\\beginscroll ")
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|cAlist| |cAlist|)
                 (SPADLET |$conformsAreDomains|
                          (|htpProperty| |page| '|domname|))
@@ -3615,8 +3584,7 @@
   (declare (special |$atLeastOneUnexposed|))
   (SEQ (COND
          (|$atLeastOneUnexposed|
-             (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-               "\\newline{}-------------\\newline{}{\\em *} = unexposed")))))))
+             (EXIT (|htSay|                "\\newline{}-------------\\newline{}{\\em *} = unexposed"))))))
 
 ;-- DUPLICATE DEF - ALSO in br-saturn.boot
 ;-- dbShowConsKinds cAlist ==
@@ -3743,7 +3711,7 @@
            (SPADLET |sig|
                     '((CATEGORY |domain|) (|SetCategory|)
                       (|SetCategory|)))
-           (|displayDomainOp| |htPage| (MAKESTRING "constructor")
+           (|displayDomainOp| |htPage| "constructor"
                |conform| |conname| |sig| 'T |doc| |indexOrNil|
                '|dbSelectCon| NIL NIL))
           ('T (SPADLET |exposeFlag| (|isExposedConstructor| |conname|))
@@ -3759,11 +3727,11 @@
                        (SUBLISLIS |conargs| |$TriangleVariableList|
                            |signature|))
                       ('T (|sublisFormal| |conargs| |signature|))))
-           (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{description}"))
-           (|displayDomainOp| |htPage| (MAKESTRING "constructor")
+           (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{description}")
+           (|displayDomainOp| |htPage| "constructor"
                |conform| |conname| |sig| 'T |doc| |indexOrNil|
                '|dbSelectCon| (NULL |exposeFlag|) NIL)
-           (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{description}"))))))))
+           (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{description}")))))))
 
 ;  --NOTE that we pass conform is as "origin"
 ;getConstructorDocumentation conname ==
@@ -3789,7 +3757,7 @@
                                       (SPADLET |line| (QCAR |ISTMP#3|))
                                       'T)))))))
                |line|)
-          (MAKESTRING "")))))
+          ""))))
 
 ;dbSelectCon(htPage,which,index) ==
 ;  conPage opOf first htpProperty(htPage,'cAlist) . index
@@ -3828,18 +3796,18 @@
         (SPADLET |consNoPred| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |consPred| (CDR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |singular|
-                 (CONS |kind| (CONS (MAKESTRING " is") NIL)))
+                 (CONS |kind| (CONS " is" NIL)))
         (SPADLET |plural|
                  (CONS (|pluralize| (STRINGIMAGE |kind|))
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " are") NIL)))
+                       (CONS " are" NIL)))
         (|dbSayItems| (|#| |consNoPred|) |singular| |plural|
-            (MAKESTRING " unconditional"))
-        (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
+            " unconditional")
+        (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
         (|bcConPredTable| |consNoPred| |conname|)
         (|htSayHrule|)
         (|dbSayItems| (|#| |consPred|) |singular| |plural|
-            (MAKESTRING " conditional"))
-        (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
+            " conditional")
+        (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
         (|bcConPredTable| |consPred| |conname|)))))
 
 ;dbConsHeading(htPage,conlist,view,kind) ==
@@ -3885,7 +3853,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |thing|
                  (OR (AND |htPage| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|thing|))
-                     (MAKESTRING "constructor")))
+                     "constructor"))
         (SPADLET |place|
                  (COND
                    (|htPage|
@@ -3894,25 +3862,25 @@
                    ('T NIL)))
         (SPADLET |count| (|#| (REMDUP |conlist|)))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing| (MAKESTRING "benefactor"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing| "benefactor")
            (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |count|)
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING " Constructors Used by ")
+                 (CONS " Constructors Used by "
                        (CONS (|form2HtString| |place| NIL 'T) NIL))))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |modifier|
                     (COND
-                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing| (MAKESTRING "argument"))
+                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing| "argument")
                        (SPADLET |rank|
                                 (AND |htPage|
                                      (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|rank|)))
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " Possible ")
-                             (CONS |rank| (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") NIL))))
+                       (CONS " Possible "
+                             (CONS |rank| (CONS " " NIL))))
                       ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|constructor|)
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") NIL))
+                       (CONS " " NIL))
                       ('T
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                       (CONS " "
                              (CONS (|capitalize| (STRINGIMAGE |kind|))
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") NIL))))))
+                                   (CONS " " NIL))))))
            (SPADLET |exposureWord|
                     (COND
                       (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue| '(" Exposed "))
@@ -3926,7 +3894,7 @@
                       ('T
                        (SPADLET |firstWord|
                                 (COND
-                                  ((EQL |count| 0) (MAKESTRING "No "))
+                                  ((EQL |count| 0) "No ")
                                   ('T (STRINGIMAGE |count|))))
                        (CONS |firstWord|
                              (APPEND |exposureWord|
@@ -3937,7 +3905,7 @@
                                        NIL)))))))
            (SPADLET |placepart|
                     (COND
-                      (|place| (CONS (MAKESTRING " of {\\em ")
+                      (|place| (CONS " of {\\em "
                                      (CONS
                                       (|form2HtString| |place| NIL 'T)
                                       (CONS '} NIL))))
@@ -3946,19 +3914,19 @@
            (SPADLET |connective|
                     (COND
                       ((|member| |view| '(|abbrs| |files| |kinds|))
-                       (MAKESTRING " as "))
-                      ('T (MAKESTRING " with "))))
+                       " as ")
+                      ('T " with ")))
            (COND
              ((AND (NEQUAL |count| 0)
                    (|member| |view|
                        '(|abbrs| |files| |parameters| |conditions|)))
               (SPADLET |heading|
                        (APPEND |heading|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING " viewed")
+                               (CONS " viewed"
                                      (CONS |connective|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                                      (CONS "{\\em "
                                        (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |view|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL)))))))))
            |heading|))))))
 
 ;dbShowConstructorLines lines ==
@@ -4010,7 +3978,7 @@
   (PROG (|firstTime| |ft| |filename|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline"))
+             (|htSay| "\\newline")
              (|htBeginTable|)
              (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
              (DO ((G167861 |u| (CDR G167861)) (|x| NIL))
@@ -4020,8 +3988,8 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (SPADLET |ft|
                                      (COND
                                        ((|isAsharpFileName?| |x|)
@@ -4034,15 +4002,14 @@
                             (|htMakePage|
                                 (CONS (CONS '|text|
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\unixcommand{")
+                                        "\\unixcommand{"
                                         (CONS (PATHNAME-NAME |x|)
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "}{$AXIOM/lib/SPADEDIT ")
+                                                                                     "}{$AXIOM/lib/SPADEDIT "
                                           (CONS |filename|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "} ") NIL))))))
+                                           (CONS "} " NIL))))))
                                       NIL))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;isAsharpFileName? con == false
@@ -4070,9 +4037,9 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |conform| (|getConstructorForm| |conname|))
         (SPADLET |heading|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "Description of Domain {\\sf ")
+                 (CONS "Description of Domain {\\sf "
                        (CONS (|form2HtString| |conform|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                             (CONS "}" NIL))))
         (SPADLET |page| (|htInitPage| |heading| NIL))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|conname| |conname|)
         (SPADLET |$conformsAreDomains| NIL)
@@ -4101,15 +4068,15 @@
                  (|dbSpecialExpandIfNecessary| |conform|
                      (CDR (GETL |conname| '|documentation|))))
         (SPADLET |fromHeading|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING " from domain {\\sf ")
+                 (CONS " from domain {\\sf "
                        (CONS (|form2HtString| |conform|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                             (CONS "}" NIL))))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|fromHeading| |fromHeading|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|conform| |conform|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|opAlist| |opAlist|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|noUsage| 'T)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|condition?| '|no|)
-        (|dbShowOp1| |page| |opAlist| (MAKESTRING "operation")
+        (|dbShowOp1| |page| |opAlist| "operation"
             '|names|)))))
 
 ;dbSpecialExports(conname) ==
@@ -4126,14 +4093,14 @@
         (SPADLET |conform| (|getConstructorForm| |conname|))
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "Exports of {\\sf ")
+                     (CONS "Exports of {\\sf "
                            (CONS (|form2HtString| |conform|)
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                                 (CONS "}" NIL)))
                      NIL))
         (SPADLET |opAlist|
                  (|dbSpecialExpandIfNecessary| |conform|
                      (CDR (GETL |conname| '|documentation|))))
-        (|kePageDisplay| |page| (MAKESTRING "operation") |opAlist|)
+        (|kePageDisplay| |page| "operation" |opAlist|)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
 ;dbSpecialExpandIfNecessary(conform,opAlist) ==
@@ -4198,20 +4165,17 @@
 ;X := '"{\sf Record(a:A,b:B)} is used to create the class of pairs of objects made up of a value of type {\em A} selected by the symbol {\em a} and a value of type {\em B} selected by the symbol {\em b}. "
 
 (SPADLET X
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Record(a:A,b:B)} is used to create the class of pairs of objects made up of a value of type {\\em A} selected by the symbol {\\em a} and a value of type {\\em B} selected by the symbol {\\em b}. "))
+                      "{\\sf Record(a:A,b:B)} is used to create the class of pairs of objects made up of a value of type {\\em A} selected by the symbol {\\em a} and a value of type {\\em B} selected by the symbol {\\em b}. ")
 
 ;Y := '"In general, the {\sf Record} constructor can take any number of arguments and thus can be used to create aggregates of heterogeneous components of arbitrary size selectable by name. "
 
 (SPADLET Y
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "In general, the {\\sf Record} constructor can take any number of arguments and thus can be used to create aggregates of heterogeneous components of arbitrary size selectable by name. "))
+                      "In general, the {\\sf Record} constructor can take any number of arguments and thus can be used to create aggregates of heterogeneous components of arbitrary size selectable by name. ")
 
 ;Z := '"{\sf Record} is a primitive domain of \Language{} which cannot be defined in the \Language{} language."
 
 (SPADLET Z
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Record} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language."))
+                      "{\\sf Record} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language.")
 
 ;MESSAGE := STRCONC(X,Y,Z)
 
@@ -4258,14 +4222,12 @@
 ;X := '"{\sf Union(A,B)} denotes the class of objects which are which are either members of domain {\em A} or of domain {\em B}. The {\sf Union} constructor can take any number of arguments. "
 
 (SPADLET X
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Union(A,B)} denotes the class of objects which are which are either members of domain {\\em A} or of domain {\\em B}. The {\\sf Union} constructor can take any number of arguments. "))
+                      "{\\sf Union(A,B)} denotes the class of objects which are which are either members of domain {\\em A} or of domain {\\em B}. The {\\sf Union} constructor can take any number of arguments. ")
 
 ;Y := '"For an alternate form of {\sf Union} with _"tags_", see \downlink{Union(a:A,b:B)}{DomainUnion}. {\sf Union} is a primitive domain of \Language{} which cannot be defined in the \Language{} language."
 
 (SPADLET Y
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "For an alternate form of {\\sf Union} with \"tags\", see \\downlink{Union(a:A,b:B)}{DomainUnion}. {\\sf Union} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language."))
+                      "For an alternate form of {\\sf Union} with \"tags\", see \\downlink{Union(a:A,b:B)}{DomainUnion}. {\\sf Union} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language.")
 
 ;MESSAGE := STRCONC(X,Y)
 
@@ -4311,32 +4273,27 @@
 ;X := '"{\sf Union(a:A,b:B)} denotes the class of objects which are either members of domain {\em A} or of domain {\em B}. "
 
 (SPADLET X
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Union(a:A,b:B)} denotes the class of objects which are either members of domain {\\em A} or of domain {\\em B}. "))
+                      "{\\sf Union(a:A,b:B)} denotes the class of objects which are either members of domain {\\em A} or of domain {\\em B}. ")
 
 ;Y := '"The symbols {\em a} and {\em b} are called _"tags_" and are used to identify the two _"branches_" of the union. "
 
 (SPADLET Y
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "The symbols {\\em a} and {\\em b} are called \"tags\" and are used to identify the two \"branches\" of the union. "))
+                      "The symbols {\\em a} and {\\em b} are called \"tags\" and are used to identify the two \"branches\" of the union. ")
 
 ;Z := '"The {\sf Union} constructor can take any number of arguments and has an alternate form without {\em tags} (see \downlink{Union(A,B)}{UntaggedUnion}). "
 
 (SPADLET Z
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "The {\\sf Union} constructor can take any number of arguments and has an alternate form without {\\em tags} (see \\downlink{Union(A,B)}{UntaggedUnion}). "))
+                      "The {\\sf Union} constructor can take any number of arguments and has an alternate form without {\\em tags} (see \\downlink{Union(A,B)}{UntaggedUnion}). ")
 
 ;W := '"This tagged {\sf Union} type is necessary, for example, to disambiguate two branches of a union where {\em A} and {\em B} denote the same type. "
 
 (SPADLET W
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "This tagged {\\sf Union} type is necessary, for example, to disambiguate two branches of a union where {\\em A} and {\\em B} denote the same type. "))
+                      "This tagged {\\sf Union} type is necessary, for example, to disambiguate two branches of a union where {\\em A} and {\\em B} denote the same type. ")
 
 ;A := '"{\sf Union} is a primitive domain of \Language{} which cannot be defined in the \Language{} language."
 
 (SPADLET A
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Union} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language."))
+                      "{\\sf Union} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language.")
 
 ;MESSAGE := STRCONC(X,Y,Z,W,A)
 
@@ -4382,20 +4339,17 @@
 ;X := '"{\sf Mapping(T,S,...)} denotes the class of objects which are mappings from a source domain ({\em S,...}) into a target domain {\em T}. The {\sf Mapping} constructor can take any number of arguments."
 
 (SPADLET X
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Mapping(T,S,...)} denotes the class of objects which are mappings from a source domain ({\\em S,...}) into a target domain {\\em T}. The {\\sf Mapping} constructor can take any number of arguments."))
+                      "{\\sf Mapping(T,S,...)} denotes the class of objects which are mappings from a source domain ({\\em S,...}) into a target domain {\\em T}. The {\\sf Mapping} constructor can take any number of arguments.")
 
 ;Y := '" All but the first argument is regarded as part of a source tuple for the mapping. For example, {\sf Mapping(T,A,B)} denotes the class of mappings from {\em (A,B)} into {\em T}. "
 
 (SPADLET Y
-         (MAKESTRING
-             " All but the first argument is regarded as part of a source tuple for the mapping. For example, {\\sf Mapping(T,A,B)} denotes the class of mappings from {\\em (A,B)} into {\\em T}. "))
+                      " All but the first argument is regarded as part of a source tuple for the mapping. For example, {\\sf Mapping(T,A,B)} denotes the class of mappings from {\\em (A,B)} into {\\em T}. ")
 
 ;Z := '"{\sf Mapping} is a primitive domain of \Language{} which cannot be defined in the \Language{} language."
 
 (SPADLET Z
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\sf Mapping} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language."))
+                      "{\\sf Mapping} is a primitive domain of \\Language{} which cannot be defined in the \\Language{} language.")
 
 ;MESSAGE := STRCONC(X,Y,Z)
 
@@ -4416,14 +4370,12 @@
 ;X := '"{\em Enumeration(a1, a2 ,..., aN)} creates an object which is exactly one of the N symbols {\em a1}, {\em a2}, ..., or {\em aN}, N > 0. "
 
 (SPADLET X
-         (MAKESTRING
-             "{\\em Enumeration(a1, a2 ,..., aN)} creates an object which is exactly one of the N symbols {\\em a1}, {\\em a2}, ..., or {\\em aN}, N > 0. "))
+                      "{\\em Enumeration(a1, a2 ,..., aN)} creates an object which is exactly one of the N symbols {\\em a1}, {\\em a2}, ..., or {\\em aN}, N > 0. ")
 
 ;Y := '" The {\em Enumeration} can constructor can take any number of symbols as arguments."
 
 (SPADLET Y
-         (MAKESTRING
-             " The {\\em Enumeration} can constructor can take any number of symbols as arguments."))
+                      " The {\\em Enumeration} can constructor can take any number of symbols as arguments.")
 
 ;MESSAGE := STRCONC(X, Y)
 
@@ -4508,7 +4460,7 @@
   (PROG (|str| |c| |n| |segment|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (SPADLET |str| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             (SPADLET |str| "")
              (DO ((G168025 (MAXINDEX |s|)) (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                  ((QSGREATERP |i| G168025) NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
@@ -4621,57 +4573,54 @@
              (SPADLET |$CatLst| NIL)
              (SPADLET |$PakLst| NIL)
              (SPADLET |$DefLst| NIL)
-             (|deleteFile| (MAKESTRING "temp.text"))
+             (|deleteFile| "temp.text")
              (SPADLET |$outStream|
-                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM (MAKESTRING "temp.text")))
+                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM "temp.text"))
              (COND
                ((NULL |domainList|)
                 (SPADLET |comments|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\spad{Union(A,B,...,C)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent objects of type \\spad{A} or of type \\spad{B} or...or of type \\spad{C}."))
+                                                      "\\spad{Union(A,B,...,C)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent objects of type \\spad{A} or of type \\spad{B} or...or of type \\spad{C}.")
                 (|writedb|
                     (|buildLibdbString|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "dUnion")
+                        (CONS "dUnion"
                               (CONS 1
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "x")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "special")
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "(A,B,...,C)")
+                                    (CONS "x"
+                                     (CONS "special"
+                                      (CONS "(A,B,...,C)"
                                        (CONS 'UNION
                                         (CONS |comments| NIL)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |comments|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\spad{Record(a:A,b:B,...,c:C)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent composite objects made up of objects of type \\spad{A}, \\spad{B},..., \\spad{C} which are indexed by \"keys\" (identifiers) \\spad{a},\\spad{b},...,\\spad{c}."))
+                                                      "\\spad{Record(a:A,b:B,...,c:C)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent composite objects made up of objects of type \\spad{A}, \\spad{B},..., \\spad{C} which are indexed by \"keys\" (identifiers) \\spad{a},\\spad{b},...,\\spad{c}.")
                 (|writedb|
                     (|buildLibdbString|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "dRecord")
+                        (CONS "dRecord"
                               (CONS 1
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "x")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "special")
+                                    (CONS "x"
+                                     (CONS "special"
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "(a:A,b:B,...,c:C)")
+                                       "(a:A,b:B,...,c:C)"
                                        (CONS 'RECORD
                                         (CONS |comments| NIL)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |comments|
-                         (MAKESTRING "\\spad{Mapping(T,S)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent mappings from source type \\spad{S} to target type \\spad{T}. Similarly, \\spad{Mapping(T,A,B)} denotes a mapping from source type \\spad{(A,B)} to target type \\spad{T}."))
+                         "\\spad{Mapping(T,S)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent mappings from source type \\spad{S} to target type \\spad{T}. Similarly, \\spad{Mapping(T,A,B)} denotes a mapping from source type \\spad{(A,B)} to target type \\spad{T}.")
                 (|writedb|
                     (|buildLibdbString|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "dMapping")
+                        (CONS "dMapping"
                               (CONS 1
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "x")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "special")
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "(T,S)")
+                                    (CONS "x"
+                                     (CONS "special"
+                                      (CONS "(T,S)"
                                        (CONS 'MAPPING
                                         (CONS |comments| NIL)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |comments|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\spad{Enumeration(a,b,...,c)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent the object composed of the symbols \\spad{a},\\spad{b},..., and \\spad{c}."))
+                                                      "\\spad{Enumeration(a,b,...,c)} is a primitive type in AXIOM used to represent the object composed of the symbols \\spad{a},\\spad{b},..., and \\spad{c}.")
                 (|writedb|
                     (|buildLibdbString|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "dEnumeration")
+                        (CONS "dEnumeration"
                               (CONS 1
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "x")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "special")
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "(a,b,...,c)")
+                                    (CONS "x"
+                                     (CONS "special"
+                                      (CONS "(a,b,...,c)"
                                        (CONS 'ENUM
                                         (CONS |comments| NIL)))))))))))
              (SPADLET |$conname| NIL)
@@ -4701,17 +4650,14 @@
                ('T
                 (OBEY (COND
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |$machineType| 'RIOS)
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                      "sort -f -T /tmp -y200 \"temp.text\"  > \"libdb.text\""))
+                                               "sort -f -T /tmp -y200 \"temp.text\"  > \"libdb.text\"")
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |$machineType| 'SPARC)
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "sort -f  \"temp.text\"  > \"libdb.text\""))
+                                                      "sort -f  \"temp.text\"  > \"libdb.text\"")
                         ('T
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "sort  \"temp.text\"  > \"libdb.text\""))))
-                (RENAME-FILE (MAKESTRING "libdb.text")
-                    (MAKESTRING "olibdb.text"))
-                (|deleteFile| (MAKESTRING "temp.text")))))))))
+                                                      "sort  \"temp.text\"  > \"libdb.text\"")))
+                (RENAME-FILE "libdb.text"
+                    "olibdb.text")
+                (|deleteFile| "temp.text"))))))))
 
 ;buildLibdbConEntry conname ==
 ;    NULL GETDATABASE(conname, 'CONSTRUCTORMODEMAP) => nil
@@ -4759,8 +4705,8 @@
             (SPADLET |$exposed?|
                      (COND
                        ((|isExposedConstructor| |conname|)
-                        (MAKESTRING "x"))
-                       ('T (MAKESTRING "n"))))
+                        "x")
+                       ('T "n")))
             (SPADLET |$doc| (GETDATABASE |conname| 'DOCUMENTATION))
             (SPADLET |pname| (PNAME |conname|))
             (SPADLET |kind| (GETDATABASE |conname| 'CONSTRUCTORKIND))
@@ -4809,7 +4755,7 @@
                                         (SPADLET |r| (QCDR |ISTMP#2|))
                                         'T)))))
                         (|libdbTrim| (|concatWithBlanks| |r|)))
-                       ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                       ('T "")))
             (SPADLET |argpart|
                      (SUBSTRING (|form2HtString| (CONS '|f| |argl|)) 1
                          NIL))
@@ -4850,7 +4796,7 @@
                                G168204)
                             (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G168204
                                         (STRCONC G168204
-                                         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "`")
+                                         (STRCONC "`"
                                           (STRINGIMAGE |y|)))))))))))))))
 
 ;libConstructorSig [conname,:argl] ==
@@ -4993,7 +4939,7 @@
              (COND
                ((NULL (|ncParseFromString| |sigpart|))
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "Won't parse: ")
+                    (CONS "Won't parse: "
                           (CONS |sigpart| NIL)))))
              |sigpart|)))))
 
@@ -5013,10 +4959,10 @@
                 (SPADLET |tail| (QCDR |r|))
                 'T))
          (COND
-           (|tail| (STRCONC |head| (MAKESTRING " ")
+           (|tail| (STRCONC |head| " "
                             (|concatWithBlanks| |tail|)))
            ('T |head|)))
-        ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))))
+        ('T "")))))
 
 ;writedb(u) ==
 ;  not STRINGP u => nil        --skip if not a string
@@ -5041,7 +4987,7 @@
     ((> (|#| |s|) |n|)
      (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| 0 |n|)
               (|addPatchesToLongLines|
-                  (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "--") (SUBSTRING |s| |n| NIL))
+                  (STRCONC "--" (SUBSTRING |s| |n| NIL))
                   |n|)))
     ('T |s|)))
 
@@ -5101,17 +5047,17 @@
                  (|form2LispString| (CONS '|Mapping| |nsig|)))
         (SPADLET |predString|
                  (COND
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T) (MAKESTRING ""))
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T) "")
                    ('T (|form2LispString| |pred|))))
         (SPADLET |sop|
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL (SPADLET |s| (STRINGIMAGE |op|))
-                        (MAKESTRING "One"))
-                    (MAKESTRING "1"))
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "Zero"))
-                    (MAKESTRING "0"))
+                        "One")
+                    "1")
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "Zero")
+                    "0")
                    ('T |s|)))
-        (SPADLET |header| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "o") |sop|))
+        (SPADLET |header| (STRCONC "o" |sop|))
         (SPADLET |conform|
                  (STRCONC |$kind| (|form2LispString| |$conform|)))
         (SPADLET |comments|
@@ -5198,26 +5144,24 @@
                          (COND
                            ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|attribute|)
                             (CONS |sop|
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                                  (CONS "("
                                         (CONS |sigpart|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL)))))
+                                         (CONS ")" NIL)))))
                            ('T
                             (CONS |sop|
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                  (CONS ": "
                                         (CONS |sigpart| NIL))))))
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                    (CONS "("
                           (CONS |$conname|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      " documentation) missing left brace--> ")
+                                (CONS                                       " documentation) missing left brace--> "
                                       |tail|))))))
              (COND
                ((> |count| 0)
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                    (CONS "("
                           (CONS |$conname|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     " documentation) missing right brace--> ")
+                                (CONS                                      " documentation) missing right brace--> "
                                       |tail|))))))
              (COND
                ((OR (NEQUAL |count| 0) |missingLeft|)
@@ -5263,7 +5207,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |header|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "a") (STRINGIMAGE |name|)))
+                 (STRCONC "a" (STRINGIMAGE |name|)))
         (SPADLET |argPart|
                  (SUBSTRING (|form2LispString| (CONS '|f| |argl|)) 1
                      NIL))
@@ -5272,10 +5216,10 @@
                      |pred|))
         (SPADLET |predString|
                  (COND
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T) (MAKESTRING ""))
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T) "")
                    ('T (|form2LispString| |pred|))))
         (SPADLET |header|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "a") (STRINGIMAGE |name|)))
+                 (STRCONC "a" (STRINGIMAGE |name|)))
         (SPADLET |conname|
                  (STRCONC |$kind| (|form2LispString| |$conname|)))
         (SPADLET |comments|
@@ -5314,7 +5258,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |instream|
-                      (MAKE-INSTREAM (MAKESTRING "libdb.text")))
+                      (MAKE-INSTREAM "libdb.text"))
              (DO () ((NULL (NULL (EOFP |instream|))) NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (SPADLET |fp| (FILE-POSITION |instream|))
@@ -5358,12 +5302,12 @@
         (SPADLET |abb| (|constructor?| |conname|))
         (SPADLET |ucname| (UPCASE (STRINGIMAGE |abb|)))
         (SPADLET |pathname|
-                 (STRCONC (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                          (MAKESTRING "/doc/hypertex/pages/") |ucname|
-                          (MAKESTRING ".ht")))
+                 (STRCONC (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                          "/doc/hypertex/pages/" |ucname|
+                          ".ht"))
         (COND
           ((|isExistingFile| |pathname|)
-           (INTERN (STRCONC |sname| (MAKESTRING "XmpPage"))))
+           (INTERN (STRCONC |sname| "XmpPage")))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;dbRead(n) ==
@@ -5379,8 +5323,8 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |instream|
                  (MAKE-INSTREAM
-                     (STRCONC (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                              (MAKESTRING "/algebra/libdb.text"))))
+                     (STRCONC (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                              "/algebra/libdb.text")))
         (FILE-POSITION |instream| |n|)
         (SPADLET |line| (READLINE |instream|))
         (SHUT |instream|)
@@ -5404,12 +5348,12 @@
   (PROG (|instream| |line| |x| |k| |j| |xtralines|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((EQL |n| 0) (MAKESTRING ""))
+             ((EQL |n| 0) "")
              ('T
               (SPADLET |instream|
                        (MAKE-INSTREAM
-                           (STRCONC (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                                    (MAKESTRING "/algebra/comdb.text"))))
+                           (STRCONC (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                                    "/algebra/comdb.text")))
               (FILE-POSITION |instream| |n|)
               (SPADLET |line| (READLINE |instream|))
               (SPADLET |k| (|dbTickIndex| |line| 1 1))
@@ -5488,14 +5432,14 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |instream|
-                      (MAKE-INSTREAM (MAKESTRING "olibdb.text")))
+                      (MAKE-INSTREAM "olibdb.text"))
              (SPADLET |outstream|
-                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM (MAKESTRING "libdb.text")))
+                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM "libdb.text"))
              (SPADLET |comstream|
-                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM (MAKESTRING "comdb.text")))
+                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM "comdb.text"))
              (PRINTEXP 0 |comstream|)
              (PRINTEXP |$tick| |comstream|)
-             (PRINTEXP (MAKESTRING "") |comstream|)
+             (PRINTEXP "" |comstream|)
              (TERPRI |comstream|)
              (DO () ((NULL (NULL (EOFP |instream|))) NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
@@ -5536,7 +5480,7 @@
              (SHUT |instream|)
              (SHUT |outstream|)
              (SHUT |comstream|)
-             (OBEY (MAKESTRING "rm olibdb.text")))))))
+             (OBEY "rm olibdb.text"))))))
 
 ;dbSplit(line,n,k) ==
 ;  k := charPosition($tick,line,k + 1)
@@ -5566,7 +5510,7 @@
   (PROG (|k| |u|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((BOOT-EQUAL |line| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+        ((BOOT-EQUAL |line| "") NIL)
         ('T
          (SPADLET |k| (|charPosition| (|char| '-) |line| (PLUS |n| 2)))
          (COND
@@ -5645,25 +5589,24 @@
              (SPADLET |$constructorName| NIL)
              (SPADLET |$exposeFlag| 'T)
              (SPADLET |$outStream|
-                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM (MAKESTRING "temp.text")))
+                      (MAKE-OUTSTREAM "temp.text"))
              (SPADLET |$x| NIL)
              (SPADLET |$attribute?| 'T)
              (SPADLET |pathname|
-                      (STRCONC (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                               (MAKESTRING "/algebra/gloss.text")))
+                      (STRCONC (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                               "/algebra/gloss.text"))
              (SPADLET |instream| (MAKE-INSTREAM |pathname|))
-             (SPADLET |keypath| (MAKESTRING "glosskey.text"))
-             (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "rm -f ") |keypath|))
+             (SPADLET |keypath| "glosskey.text")
+             (OBEY (STRCONC "rm -f " |keypath|))
              (SPADLET |outstream| (MAKE-OUTSTREAM |keypath|))
-             (SPADLET |htpath| (MAKESTRING "gloss.ht"))
-             (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "rm -f ") |htpath|))
+             (SPADLET |htpath| "gloss.ht")
+             (OBEY (STRCONC "rm -f " |htpath|))
              (SPADLET |htstream| (MAKE-OUTSTREAM |htpath|))
-             (SPADLET |defpath| (MAKESTRING "glossdef.text"))
+             (SPADLET |defpath| "glossdef.text")
              (SPADLET |defstream| (MAKE-OUTSTREAM |defpath|))
              (SPADLET |pairs| (|getGlossLines| |instream|))
              (PRINTEXP
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     "\\begin{page}{GlossaryPage}{G l o s s a r y}\\beginscroll\\beginmenu")
+                                      "\\begin{page}{GlossaryPage}{G l o s s a r y}\\beginscroll\\beginmenu"
                  |htstream|)
              (DO ((G168653 |pairs| (CDR G168653)) (G168626 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G168653)
@@ -5689,11 +5632,10 @@
                             (PRINTEXP |defP| |outstream|)
                             (TERPRI |outstream|)
                             (PRINTEXP
-                                (MAKESTRING
-                                    "\\item\\newline{\\em \\menuitemstyle{}}{\\em ")
+                                                                    "\\item\\newline{\\em \\menuitemstyle{}}{\\em "
                                 |htstream|)
                             (PRINTEXP |name| |htstream|)
-                            (PRINTEXP (MAKESTRING "}\\space{}")
+                            (PRINTEXP "}\\space{}"
                                 |htstream|)
                             (TERPRI |htstream|)
                             (DO ((G168667 |lines| (CDR G168667))
@@ -5729,12 +5671,11 @@
                                          (STRCONC G168673 G168623)))))))
                                 |htstream|)
                             (TERPRI |htstream|)))))
-             (PRINTEXP (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu\\endscroll") |htstream|)
+             (PRINTEXP "\\endmenu\\endscroll" |htstream|)
              (PRINTEXP
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     "\\lispdownlink{Search}{(|htGloss| \"\\stringvalue{pattern}\")} for glossary entry matching \\inputstring{pattern}{24}{*}")
+                                      "\\lispdownlink{Search}{(|htGloss| \"\\stringvalue{pattern}\")} for glossary entry matching \\inputstring{pattern}{24}{*}"
                  |htstream|)
-             (PRINTEXP (MAKESTRING "\\end{page}") |htstream|)
+             (PRINTEXP "\\end{page}" |htstream|)
              (SHUT |instream|)
              (SHUT |outstream|)
              (SHUT |defstream|)
@@ -5756,7 +5697,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |spreadGlossText| (|line|)
   (COND
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |line| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |line| "") NIL)
     ((> (MAXINDEX |line|) 500)
      (CONS (SUBSTRING |line| 0 500)
            (|spreadGlossText| (SUBSTRING |line| 500 NIL))))
@@ -5817,17 +5758,16 @@
                                              ((EQL (|#| |last|) 0)
                                               (COND
                                                 (|lastLineHadTick|
-                                                 (MAKESTRING ""))
+                                                 "")
                                                 ('T
-                                                 (MAKESTRING
-                                                  "\\blankline "))))
+                                                                                                   "\\blankline ")))
                                              ((AND (> (|#| |last|) 0)
                                                (NEQUAL
                                                 (ELT |last|
                                                  (MAXINDEX |last|))
                                                 |$charBlank|))
                                               |$charBlank|)
-                                             ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                                             ('T "")))
                                   (SPADLET |lastLineHadTick| NIL)
                                   (SPADLET |text|
                                            (CONS
@@ -5965,7 +5905,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |pakname|
                                      (INTERN
                                       (STRCONC (PNAME |catAncestor|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING "&"))))
+                                       "&")))
                             (COND
                               ((|getCDTEntry| |pakname| 'T)
                                (SPADLET |acc| (CONS |pakname| |acc|))))
@@ -6248,7 +6188,7 @@
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '$$) (EXIT '$$))
            (IF (STRINGP |x|) (EXIT |x|))
            (EXIT (|systemError|
-                     (MAKESTRING "bad argument in template")))))))
+                     "bad argument in template"))))))
 
 (DEFUN |getImports| (|conname|)
   (PROG (|conform| |infovec| |template| |ISTMP#1| |op| |u|)
@@ -7370,20 +7310,20 @@
         ('T (|buildLibdb| |conlist|)
          (SPADLET |$newConstructorList|
                   (|union| |conlist| |$newConstructorList|))
-         (SPADLET |localLibdb| (MAKESTRING "libdb.text"))
+         (SPADLET |localLibdb| "libdb.text")
          (COND
-           ((NULL (PROBE-FILE (MAKESTRING "libdb.text")))
-            (RENAME-FILE (MAKESTRING "temp.text")
-                (MAKESTRING "libdb.text")))
+           ((NULL (PROBE-FILE "libdb.text"))
+            (RENAME-FILE "temp.text"
+                "libdb.text"))
            ('T
             (SPADLET |oldlines|
                      (|purgeNewConstructorLines|
                          (|dbReadLines| |localLibdb|) |conlist|))
             (SPADLET |newlines|
-                     (|dbReadLines| (MAKESTRING "temp.text")))
+                     (|dbReadLines| "temp.text"))
             (|dbWriteLines| (MSORT (|union| |oldlines| |newlines|))
-                (MAKESTRING "libdb.text"))
-            (|deleteFile| (MAKESTRING "temp.text")))))))))
+                "libdb.text")
+            (|deleteFile| "temp.text"))))))))
 
 ;$returnNowhereFromGoGet := false
 
@@ -7459,8 +7399,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     "-------------Operation summary-----------------"))
+                                      "-------------Operation summary-----------------")
              (SPADLET |missingOnlyFlag| (KAR |options|))
              (SPADLET |domainForm| (|devaluate| |dom|))
              (SPADLET |nam| (CAR |domainForm|))
@@ -7494,15 +7433,13 @@
              (|sayBrightly|
                  (COND
                    (|nowheres|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Functions exported but not implemented by")
+                       (CONS                                  "Functions exported but not implemented by"
                              (APPEND (|bright|
                                       (|form2String| |domainForm|))
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))
+                                     (CONS ":" NIL))))
                    ('T
                     (APPEND (|bright| (|form2String| |domainForm|))
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "implements all exported operations")
+                            (CONS                                       "implements all exported operations"
                                   NIL)))))
              (|showDomainsOp1| |nowheres| '|nowhere|)
              (COND
@@ -7523,13 +7460,13 @@
                                        (APPEND
                                         (|bright|
                                          (|form2String| |key|))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))
+                                        (CONS ":" NIL))))
                                      ('T
                                       (CONS '|Functions implemented by|
                                        (APPEND
                                         (|bright|
                                          (|form2String| |key|))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))))
+                                        (CONS ":" NIL))))))
                                (SPADLET |u|
                                         (|showDomainsOp1| |u| |key|))))))
                 (SPADLET |u| (SORTBY 'CDDR |defexports|))
@@ -7547,12 +7484,11 @@
                                         (CONS |defop| (CDDR |key|)))
                                (|sayBrightly|
                                    (CONS
-                                    (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Default functions from")
+                                                                         "Default functions from"
                                     (APPEND
                                      (|bright|
                                       (|form2String| |domainForm|))
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))
+                                     (CONS ":" NIL))))
                                (SPADLET |u|
                                         (|showDomainsOp1| |u| |key|))))))
                 (SPADLET |u| (SORTBY 'CDDR |unexports|))
@@ -7561,7 +7497,7 @@
                                (SPADLET |LETTMP#1| (CAR |u|))
                                (SPADLET |key| (CDDR |LETTMP#1|))
                                (|sayBrightly|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "Not exported: ")
+                                   (CONS "Not exported: "
                                     NIL))
                                (SPADLET |u|
                                        (|showDomainsOp1| |u| |key|)))))))))))))
@@ -7629,9 +7565,9 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (|sayBrightly|
-                                (|concat| (MAKESTRING "From ")
+                                (|concat| "From "
                                     (|form2String| |conform|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING ":")))
+                                    ":"))
                             (DO ((G169967 |l| (CDR G169967))
                                  (G169924 NIL))
                                 ((OR (ATOM G169967)
@@ -7648,7 +7584,7 @@
                                  NIL)
                               (SEQ (EXIT
                                     (|sayBrightly|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                                     (CONS "   "
                                  (|formatOpSignature| |op| |sig|)))))))))))))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
@@ -7999,7 +7935,7 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (|sayBrightly|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                                (CONS "   "
                                       (|formatOpSignature| |op| |sig|)))
                             (SPADLET |u| (CDR |u|))))))
              |u|)))))
@@ -8080,8 +8016,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                   "--------------------Predicate summary-------------------"))
+                                    "--------------------Predicate summary-------------------")
              (SPADLET |conname| (CAR (ELT |dom| 0)))
              (SPADLET |predvector| (ELT |dom| 3))
              (SPADLET |predicateList|
@@ -8097,8 +8032,8 @@
                                      (COND
                                        ((|testBitVector| |predvector|
                                          |i|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "true : "))
-                                       ('T (MAKESTRING "false: "))))
+                                        "true : ")
+                                       ('T "false: ")))
                             (|sayBrightly|
                                 (CONS |prefix| (|pred2English| |p|))))))))))))
 
@@ -8119,8 +8054,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                   "--------------------Attribute summary-------------------"))
+                                    "--------------------Attribute summary-------------------")
              (SPADLET |conname| (CAR (ELT |dom| 0)))
              (SPADLET |abb| (|getConstructorAbbreviation| |conname|))
              (SPADLET |predvector| (ELT |dom| 3))
@@ -8140,8 +8074,8 @@
                                      (COND
                                        ((|testBitVector| |predvector|
                                          |p|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "true : "))
-                                       ('T (MAKESTRING "false: "))))
+                                        "true : ")
+                                       ('T "false: ")))
                             (|sayBrightly|
                               (|concat| |prefix| (|form2String| |a|))))))))))))
 
@@ -8222,7 +8156,7 @@
                                            |whereNumber|))))
                                (|sayBrightly|
                                    (CONS |i|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                    (CONS ": "
                                      (APPEND
                                       (|formatOpSignature| |op|
                                        |signumList|)
@@ -8347,7 +8281,7 @@
                                                   ((STRINGP |x|)
                                                    (NEQUAL
                                                     (|dbPart| |x| 2 1)
-                                                    (MAKESTRING "0")))
+                                                    "0"))
                                               ('T (KAR |x|)))))))))))))))))))))
 
 ;--============================================================================
@@ -8407,14 +8341,14 @@
                          (OR (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|key|) '|names|))))
              (SPADLET |opAlist|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                          (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|))
                         ('T (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|))))
              (COND
                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|generalise|)
                 (SPADLET |arg| (STRINGIMAGE (CAAR |opAlist|)))
                 (COND
-                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "attribute")
                    (|aPage| |arg|))
                   ('T (|oPage| |arg|))))
                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|allDomains|)
@@ -8455,7 +8389,7 @@
                                (|htInitPageNoScroll|
                                    (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                          (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|
                              |opAlist|))
                         ('T
@@ -8501,7 +8435,7 @@
               |opAlist|)
              ('T
               (|dbExpandOpAlistIfNecessary| |htPage| |opAlist|
-                  (MAKESTRING "operation") 'T NIL)
+                  "operation" 'T NIL)
               (SPADLET |bitNumber| (HGET |$topicHash| |$groupChoice|))
               (SPADLET |res|
                        (PROG (G170603)
@@ -8706,7 +8640,7 @@
                             (|htInitPageNoScroll|
                                 (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
                    (COND
-                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                       (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist| |opAlist|))
                      ('T
                       (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|
@@ -8835,7 +8769,7 @@
                                        ((COND
                                           ((AND
                                             (BOOT-EQUAL |what|
-                                             (MAKESTRING "Name"))
+                                             "Name")
                                             |$exposedOnlyIfTrue|)
                                            (ATOM |x|))
                                           ('T 'T))
@@ -8847,12 +8781,12 @@
                             (SPADLET |ops|
                                      (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                       (STRINGIMAGE (CAAR |opAlist|))))
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
+                            (CONS " {\\em "
                                   (CONS |ops|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))
                            ('T NIL)))
                 (COND
-                  ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |what| (MAKESTRING "Condition"))
+                  ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |what| "Condition")
                         (NULL (KAR (KAR |data|))))
                    (SPADLET |dataCount| (SPADDIFFERENCE |dataCount| 1))))
                 (SPADLET |exposurePart|
@@ -8862,7 +8796,7 @@
                 (SPADLET |firstPart|
                          (COND
                            ((EQL |opCount| 0)
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "No ")
+                            (CONS "No "
                                   (APPEND |exposurePart|
                                           (CONS
                                            (|pluralize|
@@ -8877,7 +8811,7 @@
                                         |namedPart|)))
                               ('T
                                (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |opCount|)
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                     (CONS " "
                                       (APPEND |exposurePart|
                                        (CONS
                                         (|pluralize|
@@ -8888,9 +8822,9 @@
                                      (|pluralSay| |dataCount| |what|
                                       |whats|))
                             (APPEND |prefix|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " for ")
+                                    (CONS " for "
                                      (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |opCount|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                      (CONS " "
                                        (CONS
                                         (|pluralize|
                                          (|capitalize| |which|))
@@ -8908,7 +8842,7 @@
                   ((SPADLET |u|
                             (|htpProperty| |page| '|specialMessage|))
                    (APPLY (CAR |u|) (CDR |u|))))
-                (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll "))
+                (|htSayStandard| "\\beginscroll ")
                 (FUNCALL |fn| |page| |opAlist| |which| |data|)
                 (|dbOpsExposureMessage|)
                 (|htSayStandard| '|\\endscroll |)
@@ -8944,7 +8878,7 @@
                                           ((OR
                                             (NULL |$exposedOnlyIfTrue|)
                                             (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                             (MAKESTRING "attribute")))
+                                             "attribute"))
                                            (|#| |items|))
                                           ('T
                                            (PROG (G170814)
@@ -8988,12 +8922,12 @@
         (SPADLET |suffix|
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |branch| '|parameters|)
-                    (MAKESTRING " viewed with parameters"))
+                    " viewed with parameters")
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |branch| '|origins|)
-                    (MAKESTRING " organized by origins"))
+                    " organized by origins")
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |branch| '|conditions|)
-                    (MAKESTRING " organized by conditions"))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                    " organized by conditions")
+                   ('T "")))
         (APPEND |heading| (CONS |suffix| NIL))))))
 
 ;dbOpsExposureMessage() ==
@@ -9003,7 +8937,7 @@
   (declare (special |$atLeastOneUnexposed|))
   (SEQ (COND
          (|$atLeastOneUnexposed|
-             (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em *} = unexposed")))))))
+             (EXIT (|htSay| "{\\em *} = unexposed"))))))
 
 ;fromHeading htPage ==
 ;  null htPage => '""
@@ -9032,11 +8966,11 @@
   (declare (special |$pn|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((NULL |htPage|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+             ((NULL |htPage|) "")
              ('T
               (SPADLET |$pn|
                        (CONS (ELT |htPage| 0)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{") NIL)))
+                             (CONS "}{" NIL)))
               (COND
                 ((SPADLET |updomain|
                           (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|updomain|))
@@ -9046,15 +8980,14 @@
                  (SPADLET |dnFence| (|form2Fence| |dnForm|))
                  (SPADLET |upFence| (|form2Fence| |updomain|))
                  (SPADLET |upOp| (PNAME (|opOf| |updomain|)))
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\em from} ")
+                 (CONS " {\\em from} "
                        (APPEND (|dbConformGen| |dnForm|)
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      " {\\em under}                                      \\ops{")
+                               (CONS                                       " {\\em under}                                      \\ops{"
                                      (CONS |upOp|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                      (CONS "}{"
                                        (APPEND |$pn|
                                         (APPEND |upFence|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))))))
+                                         (CONS "}" NIL)))))))))
                 ('T
                  (SPADLET |domname|
                           (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
@@ -9082,7 +9015,7 @@
                                            (CONS |x| G170850)))))))))))
                  (COND
                    ((KDR |domname|)
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\em from} ")
+                    (CONS " {\\em from} "
                           (|dbConformGen| |domname|)))
                    ('T (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|fromHeading|)))))))))))
 
@@ -9150,7 +9083,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |exception|
-                      (OR |exception| (MAKESTRING "%%%nothing%%%")))
+                      (OR |exception| "%%%nothing%%%"))
              (SPADLET |op1| (CAR |form|))
              (SPADLET |args| (CDR |form|))
              (SPADLET |op|
@@ -9287,7 +9220,7 @@
                                          (COND
                                            (|keyword|
                                             (CONS |keyword|
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                             (CONS ": "
                                               |res|)))
                                            ('T |res|)))
                                        G170961))))))))
@@ -9300,7 +9233,7 @@
                               (|special| (CONS |op| NIL))
                               ('T (APPLY |opFn| (CONS |form| NIL)))))
                    (APPEND |head|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                           (CONS "("
                                  (APPEND (CAR |sargl|)
                                          (APPEND
                                           (PROG (G170996)
@@ -9322,7 +9255,7 @@
                                                   (SETQ G170996
                                                    (APPEND G170996
                                                     (CONS '|,| |y|))))))))
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL))))))))))))))
+                                       (CONS ")" NIL))))))))))))))
 
 ;dbMapping2StringList [target,:sl] ==
 ;  null sl => target
@@ -9365,13 +9298,13 @@
                 (SPADLET |sourcePart|
                          (COND
                            (|restPart|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                               (CONS "("
                                      (APPEND (CAR |sl|)
                                       (APPEND |restPart|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL)))))
+                                       (CONS ")" NIL)))))
                            ('T (CAR |sl|))))
                 (APPEND |sourcePart|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING " -> ") |target|)))))))))
+                        (CONS " -> " |target|)))))))))
 
 ;dbOuttran form ==
 ;  if LISTP form then
@@ -9480,10 +9413,10 @@
   (CONS '|\\ops{|
         (APPEND (|conform2StringList| |form| #'|conname2StringList|
                     #'|conformString| NIL)
-                (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                (CONS "}{"
                       (APPEND |$pn|
                               (APPEND (|form2Fence| |form|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))))
+                                      (CONS "}" NIL)))))))
 
 ;dbConformGen form == dbConformGen1(form,true)
 
@@ -9654,7 +9587,7 @@
                     (SPADLET |opAlist|
                              (COND
                                ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                    (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                                    "operation")
                                 (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|))
                                ('T
                                 (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|))))))
@@ -9664,8 +9597,7 @@
                             ((AND |htPage|
                                   (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|)
                                   (NEQUAL |which|
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "package operation")))
+                                                                                     "package operation"))
                              'T)
                             ('T NIL)))
                  (DO ((G171198 |opAlist| (CDR G171198))
@@ -9902,7 +9834,7 @@
              (SPADLET |conform| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|))
              (SPADLET |domainForm| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
              (SPADLET |dom| (EVAL |domainForm|))
-             (SPADLET |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+             (SPADLET |which| "operation")
              (SPADLET |nam| (CAR |domainForm|))
              (SPADLET |$domainArgs| (CDR |domainForm|))
              (SPADLET |$predicateList| (GETDATABASE |nam| 'PREDICATES))
@@ -10004,7 +9936,7 @@
      (|dbReduceByForm| |opAlist| (CAR |data|)))
     ('T
      (|systemError|
-         (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unexpected branch: ") (CONS |branch| NIL))))))
+         (CONS "Unexpected branch: " (CONS |branch| NIL))))))
 
 ;dbReduceByOpSignature(opAlist,datalist) ==
 ;--reduces opAlist by implementation datalist, one of the form
@@ -10288,7 +10220,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |sig| (CAR G171613))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |$which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |$which| "attribute")
            (CONS |op| (CONS |sig| NIL)))
           ('T (|dbMakeContrivedForm| |op| |sig|)))))))
 
@@ -10343,10 +10275,9 @@
               (SPADLET |ops|
                        (|escapeSpecialChars|
                            (STRINGIMAGE (CAAR |opAlist|))))
-              (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "Select a view below"))
+              (|htSayStandard| "Select a view below")
               (|htSaySaturn|
-                  (MAKESTRING
-                      "Select a view with the right mouse button")))
+                                        "Select a view with the right mouse button"))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |exposedOnly?|
                     (AND |$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
@@ -10386,7 +10317,7 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
                             (COND
                               ((ATOM |item|) (SPADLET |op| |item|)
                                (SPADLET |exposeFlag| 'T))
@@ -10399,20 +10330,20 @@
                             (COND
                               ((OR |exposeFlag| (NULL |exposedOnly?|))
                                (PROGN
-                                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                                 (|htSay| "{")
                                  (|bcStarSpaceOp| |ops| |exposeFlag|)
                                  (|htMakePage|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS |ops|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                            (CONS |which|
                                             (CONS |i| NIL)))))
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL))
-                                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}")))))))))
+                                 (|htSay| "}"))))))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;dbShowOpAllDomains(htPage,opAlist,which) ==
@@ -10568,9 +10499,9 @@
                                   (|getConstructorForm| (CAR |pair|))))))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |cAlist|)
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing|
-                 (MAKESTRING "constructor"))
+                 "constructor")
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|specialHeading|
-                 (MAKESTRING "hoho"))
+                 "hoho")
              (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|))))))
 
 ;simpOrDumb(new,old) ==
@@ -10590,14 +10521,14 @@
 
 (DEFUN |dbShowOpOrigins| (|htPage| |opAlist| |which| |data|)
   (|dbGatherThenShow| |htPage| |opAlist| |which| |data| 'T
-      (MAKESTRING "from") (|function| |bcStarConform|)))
+      "from" (|function| |bcStarConform|)))
 
 ;dbShowOpImplementations(htPage,opAlist,which,data) ==
 ;  dbGatherThenShow(htPage,opAlist,which,data,true,'"by",function bcStarConform)
 
 (DEFUN |dbShowOpImplementations| (|htPage| |opAlist| |which| |data|)
   (|dbGatherThenShow| |htPage| |opAlist| |which| |data| 'T
-      (MAKESTRING "by") (|function| |bcStarConform|)))
+      "by" (|function| |bcStarConform|)))
 
 ;dbShowOpConditions(htPage,opAlist,which,data) ==
 ;  dbGatherThenShow(htPage,opAlist,which,data,nil,nil,function bcPred)
@@ -10626,8 +10557,8 @@
              ((BOOT-EQUAL
                   (ELT (SPADLET |s| (PNAME |conname|)) (MAXINDEX |s|))
                   '&)
-              (MAKESTRING "default package"))
-             ('T (MAKESTRING "domain"))))
+              "default package")
+             ('T "domain")))
           ('T (PNAME |kind|)))))))
 
 ;dbShowOpSignatures(htPage,opAlist,which,data) == dbShowOpSigList(which,data,0)
@@ -10681,17 +10612,17 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
                             (SPADLET |ops|
                                      (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                       (STRINGIMAGE |op|)))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (|htSayExpose| |ops| |exposureFlag|)
                             (|htMakePage|
                                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS |ops|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                            (CONS |which|
                                             (CONS |count| NIL)))))
@@ -10699,16 +10630,16 @@
                                       NIL))
                             (COND
                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                                   "attribute")
                                (|htSay| (|args2HtString|
                                          (AND |sig| (CONS |sig| NIL)))))
-                              ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                              ('T (|htSay| ": ")
                                (COND
                                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |tail| 'ASCONST)
                                   (|bcConform| (CAR |sig|)))
                                  ('T
                                   (|bcConform| (CONS '|Mapping| |sig|))))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                            (|htSay| "}")
                             (SPADLET |count| (PLUS |count| 1))))))
              (|htEndTable|)
              |count|)))))
@@ -10765,7 +10696,7 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
                             (SPADLET |opform| (CAR |item|))
                             (SPADLET |exposeFlag| (CADR |item|))
                             (SPADLET |tail| (CDDR |item|))
@@ -10774,7 +10705,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |ops|
                                      (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                       (STRINGIMAGE |op|)))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (|htSayExpose| |ops| |exposeFlag|)
                             (SPADLET |n| (|#| |opform|))
                             (|do| (COND
@@ -10782,17 +10713,17 @@
                                       (LASSOC '|Nud| (PROPLIST |op|)))
                                      (|dbShowOpParameterJump| |ops|
                                       |which| |count| |single?|)
-                                     (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
-                                      (KAR |args|) (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                                     (|htSay| " {\\em "
+                                      (KAR |args|) "}"))
                                     ((AND (EQL |n| 3)
                                       (LASSOC '|Led| (PROPLIST |op|)))
-                                     (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
-                                      (KAR |args|) (MAKESTRING "} "))
+                                     (|htSay| "{\\em "
+                                      (KAR |args|) "} ")
                                      (|dbShowOpParameterJump| |ops|
                                       |which| |count| |single?|)
-                                     (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
+                                     (|htSay| " {\\em "
                                       (KAR (KDR |args|))
-                                      (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                                      "}"))
                                     ('T
                                      (|dbShowOpParameterJump| |ops|
                                       |which| |count| |single?|)
@@ -10802,16 +10733,16 @@
                                          (|member| |op| '(0 1))
                                          (AND
                                           (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                           (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                                           "attribute")
                                           (NULL (IFCAR |args|))))
                                         '|skip|)
-                                       ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "("))
+                                       ('T (|htSay| "(")
                                         (COND
                                           ((IFCAR |args|)
                                            (|htSay|
-                                            (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                                            "{\\em "
                                             (IFCAR |args|)
-                                            (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+                                            "}")))
                                         (DO
                                          ((G171917 (IFCDR |args|)
                                            (CDR G171917))
@@ -10824,10 +10755,10 @@
                                           (SEQ
                                            (EXIT
                                             (|htSay|
-                                             (MAKESTRING ",{\\em ") |x|
-                                             (MAKESTRING "}")))))
-                                        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                                             ",{\\em " |x|
+                                             "}"))))
+                                        (|htSay| ")"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")
                             (SPADLET |count| (PLUS |count| 1))))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
@@ -10837,12 +10768,12 @@
 
 (DEFUN |dbShowOpParameterJump| (|ops| |which| |count| |single?|)
   (COND
-    (|single?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |ops| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+    (|single?| (|htSay| "{\\em " |ops| "}"))
     ('T
      (|htMakePage|
          (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                      (CONS (CONS |ops|
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                 (CONS ""
                                        (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                         (CONS |which|
                                          (CONS |count| NIL)))))
@@ -10905,7 +10836,7 @@
                 (SPADLET |opAlist|
                          (COND
                            ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                                "operation")
                             (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|))
                            ('T (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|))))))
              (SPADLET |newWhich|
@@ -10917,8 +10848,8 @@
                                       '|conform|)))
                         (COND
                           ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                               (MAKESTRING "package operation"))
-                           (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                               "package operation")
+                           "operation")
                           ('T |which|))))
              (SPADLET |expand|
                       (|dbExpandOpAlistIfNecessary| |htPage| |opAlist|
@@ -10941,7 +10872,7 @@
                                      (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                                     (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#2|)
                                      (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#2|) NIL)))))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{description}"))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{description}")
              (DO ((G171988 |opAlist| (CDR G171988))
                   (G171965 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G171988)
@@ -10979,7 +10910,7 @@
                                            (COND
                                              ((AND
                                                (NEQUAL |comments|
-                                                (MAKESTRING ""))
+                                                "")
                                                (STRINGP |comments|)
                                                (SPADLET |k|
                                                 (|string2Integer|
@@ -10987,7 +10918,7 @@
                                               (SPADLET |comments|
                                                (COND
                                                  ((MEMQ |k| '(0 1))
-                                                  (MAKESTRING ""))
+                                                  "")
                                                  ('T
                                                   (|dbReadComments|
                                                    |k|))))
@@ -11000,7 +10931,7 @@
                                               ((AND
                                                 (STRINGP |comments|)
                                                 (NEQUAL |comments|
-                                                 (MAKESTRING "")))
+                                                 ""))
                                                |comments|)
                                               ('T NIL)))
                                            (SPADLET |pred|
@@ -11011,8 +10942,7 @@
                                               ('T (PLUS |base| |j|))))
                                            (COND
                                              ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                               (MAKESTRING
-                                                "package operation"))
+                                                                                               "package operation")
                                               (SPADLET |sig|
                                                (MSUBST |conform| '$
                                                 |sig|))
@@ -11024,7 +10954,7 @@
                                             |sig| |pred| |doc| |index|
                                             '|dbChooseDomainOp|
                                             (NULL |exposeFlag|) 'T))))))))))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{description}")))))))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{description}"))))))
 
 ;dbChooseDomainOp(htPage,which,index) ==
 ;  [opKey,entryKey] := DIVIDE(index,8192)
@@ -11051,7 +10981,7 @@
         (SPADLET |entryKey| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |opAlist|
                  (COND
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                     (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|))
                    ('T (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|))))
         (SPADLET |LETTMP#1| (ELT |opAlist| |opKey|))
@@ -11061,7 +10991,7 @@
         (SPADLET |htPage|
                  (|htInitPageNoScroll| (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|
                (CONS (CONS |op| (CONS |entry| NIL)) NIL)))
           ('T
@@ -11087,9 +11017,9 @@
         (COND
           (|flag| (|htBlank|))
           ((BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |op| 0) (|char| '*))
-           (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em *} ")))
+           (|htSay| "{\\em *} "))
           ('T (|htSayUnexposed|))))
-    ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "")))))
+    ('T (|htSay| ""))))
 
 ;--============================================================================
 ;--               Branch-in From Other Places
@@ -11171,34 +11101,34 @@
              (SPADLET |exposePart|
                       (COND
                         ((|isExposedConstructor| (|opOf| |conform|))
-                         (MAKESTRING ""))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING " Unexposed "))))
+                         "")
+                        ('T " Unexposed ")))
              (SPADLET |fromPart|
                       (COND
                         (|domform|
                             (|evalableConstructor2HtString| |domform|))
                         ('T (|form2HtString| |conform|))))
              (SPADLET |heading|
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " from ")
+                      (CONS " from "
                             (CONS |exposePart|
                                   (CONS |kind|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
+                                        (CONS " {\\em "
                                          (CONS |fromPart|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))))
+                                          (CONS "}" NIL)))))))
              (SPADLET |expandProperty|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                          '|expandOperations|)
                         ('T '|expandAttributes|)))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| |expandProperty| '|lists|)
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|fromHeading| |heading|)
              (SPADLET |reducedOpAlist|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                          (|reduceByGroup| |htPage| |opAlist|))
                         ('T |opAlist|)))
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                 (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|principalOpAlist|
                     |opAlist|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist| |reducedOpAlist|))
@@ -11360,18 +11290,18 @@
                       (|listSort| (|function| LEXLESSEQP)
                           (NREVERSE |opAlist|)))
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                 (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist| |opAlist|))
                ('T (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist| |opAlist|)))
              (SPADLET |expandProperty|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                          '|expandOperations|)
                         ('T '|expandAttributes|)))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| |expandProperty| '|strings|)
              (|dbResetOpAlistCondition| |htPage| |which| |opAlist|)
              (COND
-               ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+               ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |which| "attribute")
                      (BOUNDP '|$attributeArgs|) |$attributeArgs|)
                 (|dbExpandOpAlistIfNecessary| |htPage| |opAlist|
                     |which| NIL NIL)
@@ -11546,7 +11476,7 @@
              (SPADLET |value| NIL)
              (SPADLET |expandProperty|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                          '|expandOperations|)
                         ('T '|expandAttributes|)))
              (SPADLET |expandFlag|
@@ -11613,7 +11543,7 @@
                                            (|ncParseFromString| |sigs|))
                                           (COND
                                             ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                              (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                                              "operation")
                                              (COND
                                                ((NULL
                                                  (AND (PAIRP |sig|)
@@ -11621,11 +11551,10 @@
                                                    '|Mapping|)))
                                                 (|sayBrightly|
                                                  (CONS
-                                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                                   "Unexpected signature for ")
+                                                                                                     "Unexpected signature for "
                                                   (CONS |name|
                                                    (CONS
-                                                    (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                                    ": "
                                                     (CONS |sigs| NIL))))))
                                                ('T
                                                 (SPADLET |sig|
@@ -11751,7 +11680,7 @@
                                           (COND
                                             ((AND (NULL |doc|)
                                               (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                               (MAKESTRING "attribute")))
+                                               "attribute"))
                                              (SPADLET |doc|
                                               (|getRegistry| |op|
                                                |sig|))))
@@ -11810,7 +11739,7 @@
                                         (SETQ G172408
                                          (OR G172408 |y|))))))))))
                 (CADR |match|))
-               ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))))))
+               ('T "")))))))
 
 ;evalableConstructor2HtString domform ==
 ;  if VECP domform then domform := devaluate domform
@@ -11986,7 +11915,7 @@
                                 (PROGN
                                   (SPADLET |a| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                   'T))))
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "'")
+                    (STRCONC "'"
                              (PROG (G172582)
                                (SPADLET G172582 "")
                                (RETURN
@@ -12074,10 +12003,10 @@
                                     (EXIT
                                      (SETQ G172610
                                       (STRCONC G172610
-                                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",")
+                                       (STRCONC ","
                                         (STRINGIMAGE |x|))))))))))
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "[") (STRINGIMAGE (CAR |arg|))
-                             |tailPart| (MAKESTRING "]")))
+                    (STRCONC "[" (STRINGIMAGE (CAR |arg|))
+                             |tailPart| "]"))
                    ((AND (PAIRP |form|) (EQ (QCAR |form|) 'BRACKET)
                          (PROGN
                            (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |form|))
@@ -12119,9 +12048,9 @@
                                     (EXIT
                                      (SETQ G172621
                                       (STRCONC G172621
-                                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",") |x|)))))))))
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "[") (CAR |arg|) |tailPart|
-                             (MAKESTRING "]")))
+                                       (STRCONC "," |x|)))))))))
+                    (STRCONC "[" (CAR |arg|) |tailPart|
+                             "]"))
                    ((ATOM |form|) |form|)
                    ('T
                     (PROG (G172632)
@@ -12464,7 +12393,7 @@
                           (EXIT NIL))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T) (EXIT 'T))
            (EXIT (|systemError|
-                     (MAKESTRING "unknown atomic predicate form")))))))
+                     "unknown atomic predicate form"))))))
 
 (DEFUN |evalDomainOpPred,evpred| (|dom| |pred|)
   (PROG (|k|)
@@ -12586,8 +12515,7 @@
                                           |p|)
                                          NIL)))))))
                           (EXIT (|systemError|
-                                    (MAKESTRING
-                                     "unknown predicate form"))))))
+                                                                         "unknown predicate form")))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T) (EXIT 'T))
            (EXIT (|systemError| NIL))))))
 
@@ -12651,23 +12579,23 @@
                             (SPADLET |kind| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                             (SPADLET |r| (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                             'T))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "a ") |kind| (MAKESTRING " "))
+              (|htSay| "a " |kind| " ")
               (|htSayExplicitExports| |r|))
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|is|)
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "the domain "))
+              (|htSay| "the domain ")
               (|bcConform| |u| 'T))
              ('T
               (|htSay| (COND
                          ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|is|)
-                          (MAKESTRING "the domain "))
+                          "the domain ")
                          ('T
                           (SPADLET |kind|
                                    (GETDATABASE (|opOf| |u|)
                                     'CONSTRUCTORKIND))
                           (COND
                             ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|domain|)
-                             (MAKESTRING "an element of "))
-                            ('T (MAKESTRING "a domain of "))))))
+                             "an element of ")
+                            ('T "a domain of ")))))
               (COND
                 ((AND (PAIRP |u|) (EQ (QCAR |u|) '|Join|)
                       (PROGN
@@ -12685,7 +12613,7 @@
                                (SPADLET |middle| (NREVERSE |middle|))
                                'T))))
                  (COND
-                   ((CDR |middle|) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "categories "))
+                   ((CDR |middle|) (|htSay| "categories ")
                     (|bcConform| (CAR |middle|) 'T)
                     (DO ((G172987 (CDR |middle|) (CDR G172987))
                          (|x| NIL))
@@ -12693,7 +12621,7 @@
                              (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G172987)) NIL))
                          NIL)
                       (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ", "))
+                                   (|htSay| ", ")
                                    (|bcConform| |x| 'T)))))
                     (COND
                       ((AND (PAIRP |r|) (EQ (QCAR |r|) 'CATEGORY)
@@ -12703,11 +12631,11 @@
                                    (PROGN
                                      (SPADLET |r| (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                                      'T))))
-                       (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " and "))
+                       (|htSay| " and ")
                        (|htSayExplicitExports| |r|))
-                      ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " and "))
+                      ('T (|htSay| " and ")
                        (|bcConform| |r| 'T))))
-                   ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "category "))
+                   ('T (|htSay| "category ")
                     (|bcConform| (CAR |middle|) 'T)
                     (COND
                       ((AND (PAIRP |r|) (EQ (QCAR |r|) 'CATEGORY)
@@ -12717,11 +12645,11 @@
                                    (PROGN
                                      (SPADLET |r| (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                                      'T))))
-                       (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                       (|htSay| " ")
                        (|htSayExplicitExports| |r|))
-                      ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " and "))
+                      ('T (|htSay| " and ")
                        (|bcConform| |r| 'T))))))
-                ('T (|htSay| |kind| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                ('T (|htSay| |kind| " ")
                  (|bcConform| |u| 'T)))))))))
 
 ;htSayExplicitExports r ==
@@ -12747,16 +12675,16 @@
   (declare (special |$displayReturnValue|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "with explicit exports"))
+             (|htSay| "with explicit exports")
              (COND
                (|$displayReturnValue| NIL)
-               ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ":"))
+               ('T (|htSay| ":")
                 (DO ((G173049 |r| (CDR G173049)) (|x| NIL))
                     ((OR (ATOM G173049)
                          (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G173049)) NIL))
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                               (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                                (COND
                                  ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                                        (EQ (QCAR |x|) 'SIGNATURE)
@@ -12782,12 +12710,12 @@
                                        (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS |ops|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                          (CONS ""
                                            (CONS '|oPage|
                                             (CONS |ops| NIL))))
                                          NIL))
                                        NIL))
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                                  (|htSay| ": ")
                                   (|bcConform| (CONS '|Mapping| |sig|)))
                                  ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                                        (EQ (QCAR |x|) 'ATTRIBUTE)
@@ -12805,13 +12733,13 @@
                                        (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS |ops|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                          (CONS ""
                                            (CONS '|aPage|
                                             (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                          NIL))
                                        NIL)))
                                  ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) 'IF))
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em if ...}")))
+                                  (|htSay| "{\\em if ...}"))
                                  ('T (|systemError|))))))))))))))
 
 ;displayBreakIntoAnds pred ==
@@ -12855,16 +12783,16 @@
                        (SPADLET |target| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                        (SPADLET |source| (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                        'T))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "a function from "))
-         (|htSayTuple| |source|) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " to "))
+         (|htSay| "a function from ")
+         (|htSayTuple| |source|) (|htSay| " to ")
          (|htSayArgument| |target|))
         ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '(|Category|))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "a category")))
+         (|htSay| "a category"))
         ((OR (AND (PAIRP |t|) (PROGN (SPADLET |op| (QCAR |t|)) 'T)
                   (MEMQ |op| '(|Join| CATEGORY)))
              (|constructor?| (|opOf| |t|)))
          (|htSayConstructor| NIL |t|))
-        ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "an element of domain "))
+        ('T (|htSay| "an element of domain ")
          (|htSayArgument| |t|))))))
 
 ;htSayArgument t == --called only for operations not for constructors
@@ -12891,28 +12819,27 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((NULL |$signature|)
-         (|htSay| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
-                        (CONS |t| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+         (|htSay| (CONS "{\\em "
+                        (CONS |t| (CONS "}" NIL)))))
         ((MEMQ |t| '($ %))
          (COND
-           ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |$conkind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+           ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |$conkind| "category")
                  (> |$conlength| 20))
             (COND
               (|$generalSearch?|
-                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                               "{\\em D} of the origin category")))
+                  (|htSay|                                "{\\em D} of the origin category"))
               ('T (|addWhereList| '$ '|is| NIL)
-               (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "{\\em $}"))
-               (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\%}")))))
-           ('T (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "{\\em $}"))
-            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\%}")))))
+               (|htSayStandard| "{\\em $}")
+               (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em \\%}"))))
+           ('T (|htSayStandard| "{\\em $}")
+            (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em \\%}"))))
         ((NULL (IDENTP |t|)) (|bcConform| |t| 'T))
         ('T (SPADLET |k| (|position| |t| |$conargs|))
          (COND
            ((> |k| (SPADDIFFERENCE 1))
             (SPADLET |typeOfArg| (ELT (CDR |$signature|) |k|))
             (|addWhereList| |t| '|member| |typeOfArg|)))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |t| (MAKESTRING "}")))))))
+         (|htSay| "{\\em " |t| "}"))))))
 
 ;addWhereList(id,kind,typ) ==
 ;  $whereList := insert([id,kind,:typ],$whereList)
@@ -12933,17 +12860,17 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htSayTuple| (|t|)
   (SEQ (COND
-         ((NULL |t|) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "()")))
+         ((NULL |t|) (|htSay| "()"))
          ((NULL (CDR |t|)) (|htSayArgument| (CAR |t|)))
-         ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "(")) (|htSayArgument| (CAR |t|))
+         ('T (|htSay| "(") (|htSayArgument| (CAR |t|))
           (DO ((G173112 (CDR |t|) (CDR G173112)) (|d| NIL))
               ((OR (ATOM G173112)
                    (PROGN (SETQ |d| (CAR G173112)) NIL))
                NIL)
             (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ","))
+                         (|htSay| ",")
                          (|htSayArgument| |d|)))))
-          (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ")"))))))
+          (|htSay| ")")))))
 
 ;dbGetDisplayFormForOp(op,sig,doc) ==
 ;  dbGetFormFromDocumentation(op,sig,doc) or dbGetContrivedForm(op,sig)
@@ -12971,9 +12898,9 @@
         (SPADLET |doc| (COND ((STRINGP |x|) |x|) ('T (CAR |x|))))
         (COND
           ((AND (STRINGP |doc|)
-                (OR (AND (|stringPrefix?| (MAKESTRING "\\spad{") |doc|)
+                (OR (AND (|stringPrefix?| "\\spad{" |doc|)
                          (SPADLET |k| 6))
-                    (AND (|stringPrefix?| (MAKESTRING "\\s{") |doc|)
+                    (AND (|stringPrefix?| "\\s{" |doc|)
                          (SPADLET |k| 3))))
            (SPADLET |n| (|charPosition| |$charRbrace| |doc| |k|))
            (SPADLET |s| (SUBSTRING |doc| |k| (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| |k|)))
@@ -13027,8 +12954,8 @@
   (PROG ()
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| (MAKESTRING "0")) (CONS 0 NIL))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| (MAKESTRING "1")) (CONS 1 NIL))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| "0") (CONS 0 NIL))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| "1") (CONS 1 NIL))
              ('T
               (CONS |op|
                     (PROG (G173161)
@@ -13091,8 +13018,8 @@
          (COND
            ((NEQUAL |kind| '|category|)
             (COND
-              ((OR (|anySubstring?| (MAKESTRING "Integer") |s| 0)
-                   (|anySubstring?| (MAKESTRING "Number") |s| 0))
+              ((OR (|anySubstring?| "Integer" |s| 0)
+                   (|anySubstring?| "Number" |s| 0))
                (SPADLET |x| (CAR |$NumberList|))
                (SPADLET |$NumberList| (CDR |$NumberList|)) |x|)
               ('T
@@ -13446,8 +13373,8 @@
               (SPADLET |u| (|whoUses| |opl| |conform|))
               (SPADLET |prefix|
                        (|pluralSay| (|#| |u|)
-                           (MAKESTRING "constructor uses")
-                           (MAKESTRING "constructors use")))
+                           "constructor uses"
+                           "constructors use"))
               (SPADLET |suffix|
                        (COND
                          ((AND (PAIRP |opAlist|)
@@ -13462,16 +13389,16 @@
                                          (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                                         (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#2|)
                                          (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#2|) NIL))))))
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING " operation {\\em ")
+                          (CONS " operation {\\em "
                                 (CONS (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                        (STRINGIMAGE |op1|))
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING ":")
+                                      (CONS ":"
                                        (CONS
                                         (|form2HtString|
                                          (CONS '|Mapping| |sig|))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))))
                          ('T
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING " these operations") NIL))))
+                          (CONS " these operations" NIL))))
               (SPADLET |page|
                        (|htInitPage| (APPEND |prefix| |suffix|)
                            (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
@@ -13522,27 +13449,27 @@
                                        (STRINGIMAGE |op|)))
                              (SPADLET |usedList|
                                       (CONS |pair| |usedList|))
-                             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Users of {\\em ")
-                                      |ops| (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                             (|htSay| "Users of {\\em "
+                                      |ops| ": ")
                              (|bcConform|
                                  (CONS '|Mapping|
                                        (|sublisFormal| |conargs| |sig|)))
-                             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}\\newline"))
+                             (|htSay| "}\\newline")
                              (|bcConTable|
                                  (|listSort| (|function| GLESSEQP)
                                      (REMDUP |namelist|)))))))
               (SPADLET |noOneUses| (SETDIFFERENCE |opl| |usedList|))
               (COND
                 ((> (|#| |noOneUses|) 0)
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "No constructor uses the "))
+                 (|htSay| "No constructor uses the ")
                  (|htSay| (COND
                             ((EQL (|#| |noOneUses|) 1)
-                             (MAKESTRING "operation: "))
+                             "operation: ")
                             ('T
                              (CONS (|#| |noOneUses|)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING " operations:")
+                                   (CONS " operations:"
                                     NIL)))))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                 (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                  (DO ((G173475 |noOneUses| (CDR G173475))
                       (G173397 NIL))
                      ((OR (ATOM G173475)
@@ -13555,15 +13482,15 @@
                             NIL))
                       NIL)
                    (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}{\\em ")
+                                (|htSay| "\\tab{2}{\\em "
                                          (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                           (STRINGIMAGE |op|))
-                                         (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                                         ": ")
                                 (|bcConform|
                                     (CONS '|Mapping|
                                      (|sublisFormal| |conargs| |sig|)))
-                                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}\\newline"))))))))
-              (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll "))
+                                (|htSay| "}\\newline")))))))
+              (|htSayStandard| "\\endscroll ")
               (|dbPresentOps| |page| |which| '|usage|)
               (|htShowPageNoScroll|)))))))
 
@@ -14401,11 +14328,11 @@
                  (|htInitPageNoScroll| (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)
                      (|dbHeading| |opAlist| |which|
                          (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|))))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Select a category ancestor below or "))
+        (|htSay| "Select a category ancestor below or ")
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "filter")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "on:")
+                        (CONS (CONS "filter"
+                                    (CONS "on:"
                                      (CONS |calledFrom|
                                       (CONS '|filter| NIL))))
                               NIL))
@@ -14413,11 +14340,11 @@
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                         (CONS (CONS 13
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|filter| (CONS 'EM NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll "))
+        (|htSay| "\\beginscroll ")
         (SPADLET |conform| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|))
         (SPADLET |domname| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
         (SPADLET |ancestors|
@@ -14481,7 +14408,7 @@
                         ('T
                          (|pluralSay| |count| NIL
                              (|pluralize| |capwhich|)))))
-             (APPEND |prefix| (CONS (MAKESTRING " for ") |heading|)))))))
+             (APPEND |prefix| (CONS " for " |heading|)))))))
 
 ;koaPageFilterByCategory1(htPage,i) ==
 ;  ancestor := htpProperty(htPage,'ancestors) . i
@@ -14633,9 +14560,9 @@
                                    (CONS (CONS |op| (NREVERSE |alist|))
                                     |falist|)))))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|fromcat|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING " from category {\\sf ")
+                 (CONS " from category {\\sf "
                        (CONS (|form2HtString| |ancestor|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                             (CONS "}" NIL))))
              (|dbShowOperationsFromConform| |htPage| |which| |falist|))))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
@@ -14656,7 +14583,7 @@
         (SPADLET |htPage| (|htInitPage| NIL NIL))
         (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist| |opAlist|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|expandOperations| '|lists|)
-        (SPADLET |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+        (SPADLET |which| "operation")
         (|dbShowOp1| |htPage| |opAlist| |which| '|names|)))))
 
 ;opPageFastPath opstring ==
@@ -14792,7 +14719,7 @@
               (SPADLET |ntarget|
                        (CONS '|Union|
                              (CONS |target|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "failed") NIL))))
+                                   (CONS "failed" NIL))))
               (SPADLET |dcSig| (MSUBST |ntarget| |target| |dcSig|))))
         (SPADLET |alist|
                  (OR (|findSubstitutionOrder?|
@@ -14802,7 +14729,7 @@
         (SPADLET |nsig| (|substInOrder| |alist| |sig|))
         (COND
           ((OR (|hasPatternVar| |nsig|) (|hasPatternVar| |predList|))
-           (|pp| (MAKESTRING "--------------")) (|pp| |op|)
+           (|pp| "--------------") (|pp| |op|)
            (|pp| |predList|) (|pp| |nsig|) (|pp| |mm|)
            (SPADLET |$badStack|
                     (CONS (CONS |op| (CONS |mm| NIL)) |$badStack|))))
@@ -14991,8 +14918,8 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |$localLibdb|
-                 (AND (|fnameExists?| (MAKESTRING "libdb.text"))
-                      (MAKESTRING "libdb.text")))
+                 (AND (|fnameExists?| "libdb.text")
+                      "libdb.text"))
         (SPADLET |lines| (|grepConstruct1| |s| |key|))
         (COND
           ((IFCAR |options|)
@@ -15273,7 +15200,7 @@
                    (|not?| (|grepf| (CAR |argl|) |s| NIL))
                    ('T
                     (SPADLET |lines|
-                             (|grepf| (|mkGrepPattern| (MAKESTRING "*")
+                             (|grepf| (|mkGrepPattern| "*"
                                        |$key|)
                                       |s| NIL))
                     (|grepf| (CAR |argl|) |lines| 'T))))
@@ -15323,13 +15250,11 @@
                 (OR (AND (SPADLET |parse| (|pmParseFromString| |s|))
                          (|checkPmParse| |parse|))
                     (CONS '|error|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "Illegal search string")
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                       "\\vspace{3}\\center{{\\em Your search string} ")
+                          (CONS "Illegal search string"
+                                (CONS                                        "\\vspace{3}\\center{{\\em Your search string} "
                                       (CONS (|escapeSpecialChars| |s|)
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         " {\\em has incorrect syntax}}")
+                                                                                 " {\\em has incorrect syntax}}"
                                         NIL)))))))
                ((PROG (G174630)
                   (SPADLET G174630 NIL)
@@ -15353,9 +15278,8 @@
                                             (SPADDIFFERENCE |i| 1))
                                            (|char| |$charUnderscore|)))))))))))
                 (CONS '|error|
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "Illegal search string")
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\vspace{3}\\center{Consecutive {\\em *}'s are not allowed in search patterns}")
+                      (CONS "Illegal search string"
+                            (CONS                                       "\\vspace{3}\\center{Consecutive {\\em *}'s are not allowed in search patterns}"
                                   NIL))))
                ('T |s|)))))))
 
@@ -15554,7 +15478,7 @@
                                              (SETQ G174779
                                               (STRCONC G174779
                                                (STRCONC
-                                                (MAKESTRING " ") |x|)))))))))))
+                                                " " |x|)))))))))))
                           (EXIT (CONS |op|
                                       (PROG (G174794)
                                         (SPADLET G174794 NIL)
@@ -15630,7 +15554,7 @@
 (DEFUN |pmPreparse,fn| (|s| |n| |siz|)
   (PROG (|i| |j| |t| |middle|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |n| |siz|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+      (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |n| |siz|) (EXIT ""))
            (SPADLET |i|
                     (OR (|firstNonDelim| |s| |n|)
                         (RETURN (SUBSTRING |s| |n| NIL))))
@@ -15735,9 +15659,8 @@
              (COND
                (|doc?| (SPADLET |instream2|
                                 (OPEN (STRCONC
-                                       (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "/algebra/libdb.text"))))))
+                                       (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                                                                               "/algebra/libdb.text")))))
              (SPADLET CONS (SPADLET |atts| (SPADLET |doms| NIL)))
              (DO ()
                  ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |lines|)
@@ -15788,15 +15711,15 @@
                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (|char| '-)) '|skip|)
                               ('T (|systemError| '|kind|)))))))
              (COND (|doc?| (CLOSE |instream2|)))
-             (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "attribute") (NREVERSE |atts|))
-                   (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "operation")
+             (CONS (CONS "attribute" (NREVERSE |atts|))
+                   (CONS (CONS "operation"
                                (NREVERSE |ops|))
-                         (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "category")
+                         (CONS (CONS "category"
                                      (NREVERSE |cats|))
-                               (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "domain")
+                               (CONS (CONS "domain"
                                       (NREVERSE |doms|))
                                      (CONS
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "package")
+                                      (CONS "package"
                                        (NREVERSE |paks|))
                                       NIL))))))))))
 
@@ -15816,7 +15739,7 @@
        (EXIT |c|)))
 
 (DEFUN |mkUpDownPattern,recurse| (|s| |i| |n|)
-  (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |i| |n|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+  (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |i| |n|) (EXIT ""))
        (EXIT (STRCONC (|mkUpDownPattern,fixchar| (ELT |s| |i|))
                       (|mkUpDownPattern,recurse| |s| (PLUS |i| 1) |n|)))))
 
@@ -15924,13 +15847,13 @@
                                          'T))
                                   |x|)
                              (EXIT |x|))
-                         (EXIT (MAKESTRING "[^x]"))))
-           (SPADLET |tick| (MAKESTRING "[^`]*`"))
+                         (EXIT "[^x]")))
+           (SPADLET |tick| "[^`]*`")
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |one| '|w|) (EXIT |s|))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |one| '|none|)
-               (EXIT (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "`"))
-                              (EXIT (MAKESTRING "^.")))
-                          (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "^") |s|)))))
+               (EXIT (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |s| "`")
+                              (EXIT "^."))
+                          (EXIT (STRCONC "^" |s|)))))
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |one| '|t|)
                              (EXIT (STRCONC |tick| |tick| |tick| |tick|
@@ -15942,13 +15865,13 @@
                          (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |one| '|s|)
                              (EXIT (STRCONC |tick| |tick| |tick|)))
                          (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |one| '|k|)
-                             (EXIT (MAKESTRING "[cdp]")))
+                             (EXIT "[cdp]"))
                          (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |one| '|y|)
-                             (EXIT (MAKESTRING "[cdpx]")))
+                             (EXIT "[cdpx]"))
                          (EXIT (STRINGIMAGE |one|))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |s| |$wild1|)
-               (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "^") |prefix|)))
-           (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "^") |prefix| |s|))))))
+               (EXIT (STRCONC "^" |prefix|)))
+           (EXIT (STRCONC "^" |prefix| |s|))))))
 
 (DEFUN |mkGrepPattern1,charPosition| (|c| |t| |startpos|)
   (PROG (|n| |k|)
@@ -15998,8 +15921,8 @@
                   (SPADLET |k|
                            (|mkGrepPattern1,charPosition|
                                (|char| |$charUnderscore|) |s| 0)))
-               (EXIT (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| 0 |k|) (MAKESTRING "[")
-                              (ELT |s| (PLUS |k| 1)) (MAKESTRING "]")
+               (EXIT (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| 0 |k|) "["
+                              (ELT |s| (PLUS |k| 1)) "]"
                               (|mkGrepPattern1,remUnderscores|
                                   (SUBSTRING |s| (PLUS |k| 2) NIL)))))
            (EXIT |s|)))))
@@ -16017,8 +15940,8 @@
                          (CONS |$wild1| (CONS |s| |res|)))))
            (SPADLET |res| (CDR |res|))
            (IF (NULL (MEMQ '|w| |$options|))
-               (IF (NEQUAL (CAR |res|) (MAKESTRING ""))
-                   (SPADLET |res| (CONS (MAKESTRING "`") |res|))
+               (IF (NEQUAL (CAR |res|) "")
+                   (SPADLET |res| (CONS "`" |res|))
                    (IF (AND (AND (PAIRP |res|)
                                  (PROGN
                                    (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |res|))
@@ -16057,7 +15980,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |mkGrepPattern1,addWilds| (|sl|)
   (declare (special |$wild1|))
-  (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (IFCAR |sl|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+  (SEQ (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (IFCAR |sl|) "")
            (EXIT (|mkGrepPattern1,h| (IFCDR |sl|) (CONS |$wild1| NIL))))
        (EXIT (|mkGrepPattern1,h| |sl| NIL))))
 
@@ -16188,11 +16111,11 @@
           ((NULL |itemlist|)
            (|systemError|
                (CONS |conform|
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING " has no operation named ")
+                     (CONS " has no operation named "
                            (CONS |opname| NIL)))))
           ('T (SPADLET |opAlist| (CONS |itemlist| NIL))
            (|dbShowOperationsFromConform| |htPage|
-               (MAKESTRING "operation") |opAlist|)))))))
+               "operation" |opAlist|)))))))
 
 ;aPage(a,:b) ==  --called by \spadatt{a}
 ;  $attributeArgs : local := nil
@@ -16236,11 +16159,10 @@
         (SPADLET |form|
                  (OR (|ncParseFromString| |s|)
                      (|systemError|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "Argument: ")
+                         (CONS "Argument: "
                                (CONS |s|
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       " to spadType won't parse")
+                                                                             " to spadType won't parse"
                                       NIL))))))
         (COND ((ATOM |form|) (SPADLET |form| (CONS |form| NIL))))
         (SPADLET |op| (|opOf| |form|))
@@ -16311,11 +16233,10 @@
         (SPADLET |form|
                  (OR (|ncParseFromString| |s|)
                      (|systemError|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "Argument: ")
+                         (CONS "Argument: "
                                (CONS |s|
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       " to spadType won't parse")
+                                                                             " to spadType won't parse"
                                       NIL))))))
         (|htSystemCommands| (PNAME (|opOf| |form|)))))))
 
@@ -16348,7 +16269,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
              ((NULL (SPADLET |filter| (|checkFilter| |filter|))) NIL)
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| (MAKESTRING "*")) (|htErrorStar|))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| "*") (|htErrorStar|))
              ('T (SPADLET |includeDoc?| (NULL (IFCAR |options|)))
               (SPADLET |regSearchAlist|
                        (|grepConstruct| (STRINGIMAGE |filter|)
@@ -16473,7 +16394,7 @@
              (SPADLET |count| (PLUS |regCount| |docCount|))
              (COND
                ((EQL |count| 0)
-                (|emptySearchPage| (MAKESTRING "entry") |filter| 'T))
+                (|emptySearchPage| "entry" |filter| 'T))
                ((EQL |count| 1)
                 (SPADLET |alist|
                          (COND
@@ -16534,19 +16455,19 @@
                    (SPADLET |plural|
                             (COND
                               (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
-                                  (MAKESTRING "exposed entries match"))
-                              ('T (MAKESTRING "entries match"))))
+                                  "exposed entries match")
+                              ('T "entries match")))
                    (SPADLET |prefix|
-                            (|pluralSay| |count| (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (|pluralSay| |count| ""
                                 |plural|))
                    (SPADLET |emfilter|
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                            (CONS "{\\em "
                                   (CONS (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                          (STRINGIMAGE |filter|))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))
                    (SPADLET |header|
                             (APPEND |prefix|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") |emfilter|)))
+                                    (CONS " " |emfilter|)))
                    (SPADLET |page| (|htInitPage| |header| NIL))
                    (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|regSearchAlist|
                        |regSearchAlist|)
@@ -16556,11 +16477,10 @@
                    (COND
                      (|docSearchAlist|
                          (|dbSayItems|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "{\\bf Construct Summary:} ")
+                             (CONS                                     "{\\bf Construct Summary:} "
                                    (CONS |regCount| NIL))
-                             (MAKESTRING "name matches")
-                             (MAKESTRING "names match"))))
+                             "name matches"
+                             "names match")))
                    (DO ((G175327 |regSearchAlist| (CDR G175327))
                         (G175275 NIL) (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                        ((OR (ATOM G175327)
@@ -16578,23 +16498,22 @@
                                   ((> (|#| (CAR |pair|)) 0)
                                    (PROGN
                                      (|bcHt|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}"))
+                                      "\\newline{}")
                                      (|htSayStandard|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}"))
+                                      "\\tab{2}")
                                      (|genSearchSay| |pair|
                                       |summarize?| |kind| |i|
                                       '|showConstruct|)))))))
                    (COND
                      (|docSearchAlist|
-                         (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\bigskip{}"))
+                         (|htSaySaturn| "\\bigskip{}")
                          (|dbSayItems|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "\\newline{\\bf Documentation Summary:} ")
+                             (CONS                                     "\\newline{\\bf Documentation Summary:} "
                                    (CONS |docCount| NIL))
-                             (MAKESTRING "mention")
-                             (MAKESTRING "mentions")
-                             (MAKESTRING " of {\\em ") |key|
-                             (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                             "mention"
+                             "mentions"
+                             " of {\\em " |key|
+                             "}")
                          (DO ((G175343 |docSearchAlist|
                                   (CDR G175343))
                               (G175280 NIL) (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
@@ -16614,7 +16533,7 @@
                                          (PROGN
                                            (|bcHt| '|\\newline{}|)
                                            (|htSayStandard|
-                                            (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}"))
+                                            "\\tab{2}")
                                            (|genSearchSay| |pair| 'T
                                             |kind| |i| '|showDoc|)))))))))
                    (|htShowPageStar|))))))))))
@@ -16799,7 +16718,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |kind| (CAR G175516))
         (SPADLET |lines| (CDDR G175516))
-        (|dbSearch| |lines| |kind| (MAKESTRING ""))))))
+        (|dbSearch| |lines| |kind| "")))))
 
 ;genSearchSay(pair,summarize,kind,who,fn) ==
 ;  [u,:fullLineList] := pair
@@ -16852,7 +16771,7 @@
              (|htMakePage|
                  (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                              (CONS (CONS (|menuButton|)
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|genSearchSayJump|
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS |fullLineList|
@@ -16862,21 +16781,21 @@
                        NIL))
              (COND
                ((EQL |count| 0)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em No ") |kind|
-                         (MAKESTRING "} ")))
+                (|htSay| "{\\em No " |kind|
+                         "} "))
                ((EQL |count| 1)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em 1 ") |kind|
-                         (MAKESTRING "} ")))
+                (|htSay| "{\\em 1 " |kind|
+                         "} "))
                ('T
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |count| (MAKESTRING " ")
-                         (|pluralize| |kind|) (MAKESTRING "} "))))
+                (|htSay| "{\\em " |count| " "
+                         (|pluralize| |kind|) "} ")))
              (COND
                (|short| '|done|)
                ('T
                 (COND
                   ((NEQUAL |uniqueCount| 1)
-                   (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\indent{4}"))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                   (|htSayStandard| "\\indent{4}")
+                   (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                    (|htBeginTable|)))
                 (SPADLET |lastid| NIL)
                 (SPADLET |groups| (|organizeByName| |u|))
@@ -16913,7 +16832,7 @@
                                                (OR G175554
                                                 (|dbExposed?| |item|
                                                  (|dbKind| |item|))))))))))))
-                               (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                               (|bcHt| "{")
                                (COND
                                  (|$includeUnexposed?|
                                      (COND
@@ -16924,7 +16843,7 @@
                                     (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS |id|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS |fn|
                                          (CONS
                                           (PLUS |who| (TIMES 8 |i|))
@@ -16932,10 +16851,10 @@
                                       NIL))
                                     NIL))
                                (SPADLET |i| (PLUS |i| (|#| |group|)))
-                               (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                               (|bcHt| "}")))))
                 (COND
                   ((NEQUAL |uniqueCount| 1) (|htEndTable|)
-                   (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\indent{0}")))
+                   (|htSayStandard| "\\indent{0}"))
                   ('T NIL)))))))))
 
 ;organizeByName u ==
@@ -17048,18 +16967,18 @@
                            (SPADLET |options| (QCDR |options|))
                            'T))
                     |x|)
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                   ('T "")))
         (SPADLET |colon|
                  (COND
-                   ((IFCAR |options|) (MAKESTRING ":"))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                   ((IFCAR |options|) ":")
+                   ('T "")))
         (COND
           ((EQL |count| 0)
-           (|concat| (MAKESTRING "No ") |singular| |item|))
+           (|concat| "No " |singular| |item|))
           ((EQL |count| 1)
-           (|concat| (MAKESTRING "1 ") |singular| |item| |colon|))
+           (|concat| "1 " |singular| |item| |colon|))
           ('T
-           (|concat| |count| (MAKESTRING " ") |plural| |item| |colon|)))))))
+           (|concat| |count| " " |plural| |item| |colon|)))))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
 ;--                   Documentation Search
@@ -17078,7 +16997,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
              ((NULL (SPADLET |filter| (|checkFilter| |filter|))) NIL)
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| (MAKESTRING "*")) (|htErrorStar|))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| "*") (|htErrorStar|))
              ('T (SPADLET |key| (|removeSurroundingStars| |filter|))
               (SPADLET |docSearchAlist|
                        (|grepConstruct| |filter| '|w| 'T))
@@ -17137,7 +17056,7 @@
              (SPADLET |count| (|searchCount| |docSearchAlist|))
              (COND
                ((EQL |count| 0)
-                (|emptySearchPage| (MAKESTRING "entry") |filter| 'T))
+                (|emptySearchPage| "entry" |filter| 'T))
                ((EQL |count| 1)
                 (|showNamedConstruct|
                     (PROG (G175713)
@@ -17160,28 +17079,27 @@
                ('T
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (|pluralSay| |count|
-                             (MAKESTRING "entry matches")
-                             (MAKESTRING "entries match")))
+                             "entry matches"
+                             "entries match"))
                 (SPADLET |emfilter|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                         (CONS "{\\em "
                                (CONS (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                       (STRINGIMAGE |filter|))
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                                     (CONS "}" NIL))))
                 (SPADLET |header|
                          (APPEND |prefix|
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") |emfilter|)))
+                                 (CONS " " |emfilter|)))
                 (SPADLET |page| (|htInitPage| |header| NIL))
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|docSearchAlist|
                     |docSearchAlist|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|regSearchAlist| NIL)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|filter| |filter|)
                 (|dbSayItems|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                              "\\newline Documentation Summary: ")
+                    (CONS                               "\\newline Documentation Summary: "
                           (CONS |count| NIL))
-                    (MAKESTRING "mention") (MAKESTRING "mentions")
-                    (MAKESTRING " of {\\em ") |filter|
-                    (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                    "mention" "mentions"
+                    " of {\\em " |filter|
+                    "}")
                 (DO ((G175737 |docSearchAlist| (CDR G175737))
                      (G175708 NIL) (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                     ((OR (ATOM G175737)
@@ -17196,9 +17114,9 @@
                   (SEQ (EXIT (COND
                                ((> (|#| (CAR |pair|)) 0)
                                 (PROGN
-                                  (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}"))
+                                  (|bcHt| "\\newline{}")
                                   (|htSayStandard|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}"))
+                                      "\\tab{2}")
                                   (|genSearchSay| |pair| 'T |kind| |i|
                                       '|showDoc|)))))))
                 (|htShowPageStar|))))))))
@@ -17252,7 +17170,7 @@
   (declare (special |$blank|))
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em "))
+        (|htSay| "{\\em ")
         (COND
           ((AND (PAIRP |message|)
                 (PROGN
@@ -17278,19 +17196,19 @@
                                           (SPADLET |rightEnd|
                                            (QCAR |ISTMP#4|))
                                           'T))))))))))
-           (|htSay| |leftEnd| |left| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+           (|htSay| |leftEnd| |left| "}")
            (COND
-             ((AND (NEQUAL |left| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             ((AND (NEQUAL |left| "")
                    (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |left| (MAXINDEX |left|)) |$blank|))
               (|htBlank|)))
            (|htSay| |middle|)
            (COND
-             ((AND (NEQUAL |right| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             ((AND (NEQUAL |right| "")
                    (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |right| 0) |$blank|))
               (|htBlank|)))
-           (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |right| |rightEnd|))
+           (|htSay| "{\\em " |right| |rightEnd|))
           ('T (|htSay| |message|)))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+        (|htSay| "}")))))
 
 ;stripOffSegments(s,n) ==
 ;  progress := true
@@ -17354,7 +17272,7 @@
   (PROGN
     (SPADLET |filter| (STRINGIMAGE |filter|))
     (COND
-      ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| (MAKESTRING "")) (MAKESTRING "*"))
+      ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| "") "*")
       ('T (|trimString| |filter|)))))
 
 ;aSearch filter ==  --called from HD (man0.ht): general attribute search
@@ -17366,7 +17284,7 @@
     ((NULL (SPADLET |filter| (|checkFilter| |filter|))) NIL)
     ('T
      (|dbSearch| (|grepConstruct| |filter| '|a|)
-         (MAKESTRING "attribute") |filter|))))
+         "attribute" |filter|))))
 
 ;oSearch filter == -- called from HD (man0.ht): operation search
 ;  opAlist := opPageFastPath filter => opPageFast opAlist
@@ -17384,13 +17302,13 @@
         ('T (SPADLET |key| '|o|)
          (COND
            ((NULL (SPADLET |filter| (|checkFilter| |filter|))) NIL)
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| (MAKESTRING "*"))
-            (|grepSearchQuery| (MAKESTRING "operation")
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| "*")
+            (|grepSearchQuery| "operation"
                 (CONS |filter|
                       (CONS |key|
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "operation")
+                            (CONS "operation"
                                   (CONS '|oSearchGrep| NIL))))))
-           ('T (|oSearchGrep| |filter| |key| (MAKESTRING "operation")))))))))
+           ('T (|oSearchGrep| |filter| |key| "operation"))))))))
 
 ;oSearchGrep(filter,key,kind) == --called from grepSearchQuery/oSearch
 ;  dbSearch(grepConstruct(filter,'o),kind,filter)
@@ -17409,13 +17327,12 @@
   (PROG (|page|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (SPADLET |page| (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Query Page") NIL))
+        (SPADLET |page| (|htInitPage| "Query Page" NIL))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|items| |items|)
         (|htQuery|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                      "{\\em Do you want a list of {\\em all} ")
+            (CONS                       "{\\em Do you want a list of {\\em all} "
                   (CONS (|pluralize| |kind|)
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "?\\vspace{1}}") NIL)))
+                        (CONS "?\\vspace{1}}" NIL)))
             '|grepSearchJump| 'T)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
@@ -17424,42 +17341,42 @@
 
 (DEFUN |cSearch| (|filter|)
   (|constructorSearch| (|checkFilter| |filter|) '|c|
-      (MAKESTRING "category")))
+      "category"))
 
 ;dSearch filter ==  --called from HD (man0.ht): domain search
 ;   constructorSearch(checkFilter filter,'d,'"domain")
 
 (DEFUN |dSearch| (|filter|)
   (|constructorSearch| (|checkFilter| |filter|) '|d|
-      (MAKESTRING "domain")))
+      "domain"))
 
 ;pSearch filter ==  --called from HD (man0.ht): package search
 ;   constructorSearch(checkFilter filter,'p,'"package")
 
 (DEFUN |pSearch| (|filter|)
   (|constructorSearch| (|checkFilter| |filter|) '|p|
-      (MAKESTRING "package")))
+      "package"))
 
 ;xSearch filter ==  --called from HD (man0.ht): default package search
 ;   constructorSearch(checkFilter filter,'x,'"default package")
 
 (DEFUN |xSearch| (|filter|)
   (|constructorSearch| (|checkFilter| |filter|) '|x|
-      (MAKESTRING "default package")))
+      "default package"))
 
 ;kSearch filter ==  --called from HD (man0.ht): constructor search (no defaults)
 ;   constructorSearch(checkFilter filter,'k,'"constructor")
 
 (DEFUN |kSearch| (|filter|)
   (|constructorSearch| (|checkFilter| |filter|) '|k|
-      (MAKESTRING "constructor")))
+      "constructor"))
 
 ;ySearch filter == --called from conPage: like kSearch but defaults included
 ;  constructorSearch(checkFilter filter,'y,'"constructor")
 
 (DEFUN |ySearch| (|filter|)
   (|constructorSearch| (|checkFilter| |filter|) '|y|
-      (MAKESTRING "constructor")))
+      "constructor"))
 
 ;constructorSearch(filter,key,kind) ==
 ;  null filter => nil      --in case of filter error
@@ -17516,36 +17433,35 @@
             (SPADLET |newkind|
                      (COND
                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |code| (|char| '|p|))
-                        (MAKESTRING "package"))
+                        "package")
                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |code| (|char| '|d|))
-                        (MAKESTRING "domain"))
+                        "domain")
                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |code| (|char| '|c|))
-                        (MAKESTRING "category"))
+                        "category")
                        ('T NIL)))
             (COND
-              ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "constructor"))
+              ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "constructor")
                    (BOOT-EQUAL |kind| |newkind|))
                (|kPage| |line|))
               ('T
                (SPADLET |page|
-                        (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Query Page") NIL))
+                        (|htInitPage| "Query Page" NIL))
                (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|line| |line|)
                (SPADLET |message|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                        (CONS "{\\em "
                               (CONS (|dbName| |line|)
                                     (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING "} is not a {\\em ")
+                                     "} is not a {\\em "
                                      (CONS |kind|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "} but a {\\em ")
+                                       "} but a {\\em "
                                        (CONS |newkind|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                    "}. Would you like to view it?\\vspace{1}")
+                                                                             "}. Would you like to view it?\\vspace{1}"
                                          NIL))))))))
                (|htQuery| |message| '|grepConstructorSearch| 'T)
                (|htShowPage|))))
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| (MAKESTRING "*"))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| "*")
             (|grepSearchQuery| |kind|
                 (CONS |filter|
                       (CONS |key|
@@ -17618,7 +17534,7 @@
                   ((OR (MEMQ (KAR |form|) '(|and| |or| |not|))
                        (CONTAINED '* |form|))
                    NIL)
-                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| (MAKESTRING "Mapping")) NIL)
+                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |filter| "Mapping") NIL)
                   ((SPADLET |u| (|kisValidType| |form|)) |u|)
                   (|secondTime| NIL)
                   ('T
@@ -17721,7 +17637,7 @@
                                          (SETQ G176053
                                           (OR G176053 |j|)))))))))
                           (RETURN NIL)))
-             (SPADLET |buf| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             (SPADLET |buf| "")
              (DO ()
                  ((NULL (AND (<= |k| |maxIndex|)
                              (NULL (|member|
@@ -17890,7 +17806,7 @@
              (SPADLET |conlist| (CDR G176172))
              (COND
                ((NULL |conlist|)
-                (|emptySearchPage| (MAKESTRING "abbreviation")
+                (|emptySearchPage| "abbreviation"
                     |filter|))
                ('T (SPADLET |kind| (|intern| |kind|))
                 (COND
@@ -17942,7 +17858,7 @@
                                          (CONS (CONS |con| 'T)
                                           G176208))))))))
                    (SPADLET |htPage|
-                            (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "") NIL))
+                            (|htInitPage| "" NIL))
                    (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|cAlist| |cAlist|)
                    (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|thing| NIL)
                    (RETURN (|dbShowCons| |htPage| '|names|))
@@ -17950,10 +17866,9 @@
                             (|htInitPage|
                                 (CONS (|#| |conlist|)
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        " Abbreviations Match {\\em ")
+                                                                               " Abbreviations Match {\\em "
                                        (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |filter|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))
                                 NIL))
                    (DO ((G176230 |conlist| (CDR G176230))
                         (G176166 NIL))
@@ -17971,16 +17886,15 @@
                         NIL)
                      (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                   (SPADLET |kind| (LASSOC '|kind| |r|))
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                            "\\newline{\\em ")
+                                  (|htSay|                                             "\\newline{\\em "
                                            (SPADLET |s|
                                             (STRINGIMAGE |abbr|)))
                                   (|htSayStandard|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\tab{10}"))
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                                      "\\tab{10}")
+                                  (|htSay| "}")
                                   (|htSay| |kind|)
                                   (|htSayStandard|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\tab{19}"))
+                                      "\\tab{19}")
                                   (|bcCon| |nam|)))))
                    (|htShowPage|))))))))))
 
@@ -18038,12 +17952,10 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING "Detailed Search with Options") NIL))
+                     "Detailed Search with Options" NIL))
         (SPADLET |filter| (|escapeSpecialChars| (PNAME |filter|)))
-        (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                    "Select what you want to search for, then click on {\\em Search} below"))
-        (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                    "\\newline{\\it Note:} Logical searches using {\\em and}, {\\em or}, and {\\em not} are not permitted here."))
+        (|bcHt|                     "Select what you want to search for, then click on {\\em Search} below")
+        (|bcHt|                     "\\newline{\\it Note:} Logical searches using {\\em and}, {\\em or}, and {\\em not} are not permitted here.")
         (|htSayHrule|)
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|text| . "\\newline")
@@ -18158,7 +18070,7 @@
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| '|ops|) (|char| '|o|))
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| '|attrs|) (|char| '|a|))
-                   ('T (SPADLET |acc| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                   ('T (SPADLET |acc| "")
                     (COND
                       ((|htButtonOn?| |htPage| '|cats|)
                        (SPADLET |acc| (STRCONC (|char| '|c|) |acc|))))
@@ -18174,7 +18086,7 @@
                     (SPADLET |n| (|#| |acc|))
                     (COND
                       ((OR (EQL |n| 0) (EQL |n| 4))
-                       (MAKESTRING "[cdpx]"))
+                       "[cdpx]")
                       ((EQL |n| 1) |acc|)
                       ('T (STRCONC (|char| '[) |acc| (|char| '])))))))
         (SPADLET |form|
@@ -18191,19 +18103,19 @@
                       ((EQL |n| 1)
                        (COND
                          ((|htButtonOn?| |htPage| '|cats|)
-                          (MAKESTRING "category"))
+                          "category")
                          ((|htButtonOn?| |htPage| '|doms|)
-                          (MAKESTRING "domain"))
+                          "domain")
                          ((|htButtonOn?| |htPage| '|paks|)
-                          (MAKESTRING "package"))
-                         ('T (MAKESTRING "default package"))))
-                      ('T (MAKESTRING "constructor"))))
+                          "package")
+                         ('T "default package")))
+                      ('T "constructor")))
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| '|ops|)
-                    (MAKESTRING "operation"))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING "attribute"))))
+                    "operation")
+                   ('T "attribute")))
         (COND
           ((NULL |lines|) (|emptySearchPage| |kind| NIL))
-          ('T (|dbSearch| |lines| |kind| (MAKESTRING "filter"))))))))
+          ('T (|dbSearch| |lines| |kind| "filter")))))))
 
 ;generalSearchString(htPage,sel) ==
 ;  string := htpLabelInputString(htPage,sel)
@@ -18216,7 +18128,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |string| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| |sel|))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |string| (MAKESTRING "")) (MAKESTRING "*"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |string| "") "*")
           ('T |string|))))))
 
 ;htButtonOn?(htPage,key) ==
@@ -18230,7 +18142,7 @@
                       (LASSOC |key| (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|)))
              (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|)
                   (PROGN (SPADLET |a| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T)))
-           (BOOT-EQUAL |a| (MAKESTRING " t"))))))
+           (BOOT-EQUAL |a| " t")))))
 
 ;mkDetailedGrepPattern(kind,name,nargs,argOrSig) == main where
 ;  main ==
@@ -18282,7 +18194,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |mkDetailedGrepPattern,conc| (|a| |b|)
   (declare (special |$tick|))
-  (SEQ (IF (OR (BOOT-EQUAL |b| (MAKESTRING "[^`]*"))
+  (SEQ (IF (OR (BOOT-EQUAL |b| "[^`]*")
                (BOOT-EQUAL |b| (|char| (INTERN "." "BOOT"))))
            (EXIT |a|))
        (EXIT (STRCONC |a| |$tick| |b|))))
@@ -18292,7 +18204,7 @@
   (declare (special |$saturn| |$tick|))
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (SPADLET |nottick| (MAKESTRING "[^`]"))
+        (SPADLET |nottick| "[^`]")
         (SPADLET |name| (|replaceGrepStar| |name|))
         (SPADLET |firstPart|
                  (COND
@@ -18325,7 +18237,7 @@
          (COND
            ((> |i| |final|) |s|)
            ('T
-            (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| 0 |i|) (MAKESTRING "[^`]*")
+            (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| 0 |i|) "[^`]*"
                      (|replaceGrepStar|
                          (SUBSTRING |s| (PLUS |i| 1) NIL))))))))))
 
@@ -18343,7 +18255,7 @@
             ((BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |s| 0) (|char| '|(|)) |s|)
             ('T
              (SPADLET |k|
-                      (OR (STRPOS (MAKESTRING "->") |s| 0 NIL)
+                      (OR (STRPOS "->" |s| 0 NIL)
                           (RETURN |s|)))
              (COND
                ((BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |s| (SPADDIFFERENCE |k| 1))
@@ -18362,12 +18274,12 @@
 (DEFUN |underscoreDollars,fn| (|s| |i| |n|)
   (PROG (|m|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (IF (> |i| |n|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+      (SEQ (IF (> |i| |n|) (EXIT ""))
            (IF (> (SPADLET |m| (|charPosition| (|char| '$) |s| |i|))
                   |n|)
                (EXIT (SUBSTRING |s| |i| NIL)))
            (EXIT (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| |i| (SPADDIFFERENCE |m| |i|))
-                          (MAKESTRING "_$")
+                          "_$"
                           (|underscoreDollars,fn| |s| (PLUS |m| 1) |n|)))))))
 
 (DEFUN |underscoreDollars| (|s|)
@@ -18397,7 +18309,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |pathname| (|mkGrepFile| |kind|))
-        (|obey| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "rm -f ") |pathname|))
+        (|obey| (STRCONC "rm -f " |pathname|))
         |pathname|))))
 
 ;dbWriteLines(s, :options) ==
@@ -18486,9 +18398,9 @@
   (declare (special $SPADROOT |$localLibdb|))
   (COND
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|libdb|)
-     (STRCONC $SPADROOT (MAKESTRING "/algebra/libdb.text")))
+     (STRCONC $SPADROOT "/algebra/libdb.text"))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| '|gloss|)
-     (STRCONC $SPADROOT (MAKESTRING "/algebra/glosskey.text")))
+     (STRCONC $SPADROOT "/algebra/glosskey.text"))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| |$localLibdb|) |$localLibdb|)
     ('T
      (|mkGrepTextfile|
@@ -18501,7 +18413,7 @@
 (DEFUN |mkGrepTextfile| (|s|)
   (declare (special $spadroot))
   (STRCONC $SPADROOT '|/algebra/| (STRINGIMAGE |s|)
-           (MAKESTRING ".text")))
+           ".text"))
 
 ;mkGrepFile s ==  --called to generate a path name for a temporary grep file
 ;  prefix :=
@@ -18518,10 +18430,10 @@
         (SPADLET |prefix|
                  (COND
                    ((OR |$standard| |$aixTestSaturn|)
-                    (MAKESTRING "/tmp/"))
-                   ('T (STRCONC $SPADROOT (MAKESTRING "/algebra/")))))
-        (SPADLET |suffix| (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "SPADNUM")))
-        (STRCONC |prefix| (PNAME |s|) (MAKESTRING ".txt.") |suffix|)))))
+                    "/tmp/")
+                   ('T (STRCONC $SPADROOT "/algebra/"))))
+        (SPADLET |suffix| (|getEnv| "SPADNUM"))
+        (STRCONC |prefix| (PNAME |s|) ".txt." |suffix|)))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
 ;--                     Grepping Code
@@ -18569,21 +18481,21 @@
                     (SPADLET |casepart|
                              (COND
                                ((MEMQ '|iv| |options|)
-                                (MAKESTRING "-vi"))
-                               ('T (MAKESTRING "-i"))))
+                                "-vi")
+                               ('T "-i")))
                     (SPADLET |command|
-                             (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "grep ") |casepart|
-                                      (MAKESTRING " '") |pattern|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "' ") |source|))
+                             (STRCONC "grep " |casepart|
+                                      " '" |pattern|
+                                      "' " |source|))
                     (|obey| (COND
                               ((|member| |key|
                                    '(|a| |o| |c| |d| |p| |x|))
                                (STRCONC |command|
-                                        (MAKESTRING " | sed 's/~/")
+                                        " | sed 's/~/"
                                         (STRINGIMAGE |key|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "/' > ") |target|))
+                                        "/' > " |target|))
                               ('T
-                               (STRCONC |command| (MAKESTRING " > ")
+                               (STRCONC |command| " > "
                                         |target|))))
                     (|dbReadLines| |target|))
                    ('T (SPADLET |invert?| (MEMQ '|iv| |options|))
@@ -18662,7 +18574,7 @@
 
 ;$wild1 := '"[^`]*"           --phrase used to convert keys to grep strings
 
-(SPADLET |$wild1| (MAKESTRING "[^`]*"))
+(SPADLET |$wild1| "[^`]*")
 
 ;$browseCountThreshold := 10  --the maximum number of names that will display
 
@@ -18744,16 +18656,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 ;      [char 'c,:'"category"],[char 'x,:'"default_ package"]]
 
 (SPADLET |$dbKindAlist|
-         (CONS (CONS (|char| '|a|) (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
-               (CONS (CONS (|char| '|o|) (MAKESTRING "operation"))
-                     (CONS (CONS (|char| '|d|) (MAKESTRING "domain"))
+         (CONS (CONS (|char| '|a|) "attribute")
+               (CONS (CONS (|char| '|o|) "operation")
+                     (CONS (CONS (|char| '|d|) "domain")
                            (CONS (CONS (|char| '|p|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING "package"))
+                                       "package")
                                  (CONS (CONS (|char| '|c|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "category"))
+                                        "category")
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS (|char| '|x|)
-                                         (MAKESTRING "default package"))
+                                         "default package")
                                         NIL)))))))
 
 ;$OpViewTable := '(
@@ -18779,7 +18691,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 ;bcBlankLine() == bcHt '"\vspace{1}\newline "
 
-(DEFUN |bcBlankLine| () (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\vspace{1}\\newline ")))
+(DEFUN |bcBlankLine| () (|bcHt| "\\vspace{1}\\newline "))
 
 ;pluralize k ==
 ;  k = '"child" => '"children"
@@ -18789,11 +18701,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |pluralize| (|k|)
   (COND
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| (MAKESTRING "child")) (MAKESTRING "children"))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-     (MAKESTRING "categories"))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| (MAKESTRING "entry")) (MAKESTRING "entries"))
-    ('T (STRCONC |k| (MAKESTRING "s")))))
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| "child") "children")
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| "category")
+     "categories")
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| "entry") "entries")
+    ('T (STRCONC |k| "s"))))
 
 ;capitalize s ==
 ;  LASSOC(s,'(
@@ -18836,7 +18748,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              ((EQL (|#| |u|) 1)
               (COND
                 ((|member| |u| |$htSpecialChars|)
-                 (CONS (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\\") |u|) NIL))
+                 (CONS (CONCAT "\\" |u|) NIL))
                 ('T (CONS |u| NIL))))
              ('T (SPADLET |c| (|char| (ELT |u| 0)))
               (COND
@@ -18852,7 +18764,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                        (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G176470
                                         (OR G176470
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |c| (|char| |y|)))))))))
-                 (CONS (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\\") |u|) NIL))
+                 (CONS (CONCAT "\\" |u|) NIL))
                 ('T (CONS |u| NIL)))))))))
 
 ;escapeString com ==   --this makes changes on single comment lines
@@ -18877,12 +18789,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                              (SPADLET |look| NIL))
                             ('T
                              (SPADLET |look|
-                                      (STRPOSL (MAKESTRING "${}#%")
+                                      (STRPOSL "${}#%"
                                        |com| |look| NIL))
                              (COND
                                (|look| (SPADLET |com|
                                         (RPLACSTR |com| |look| 0
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\")))
+                                         "\\"))
                                        (SPADLET |look| (PLUS |look| 2)))
                                ('T NIL)))))))
              |com|)))))
@@ -18937,11 +18849,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |s| (|form2HtString| |c|))
            (IF (|member| |s| |$emList|)
-               (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |s|
-                              (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+               (EXIT (|htSay| "{\\em " |s|
+                              "}")))
            (EXIT (|satDownLink| |s|
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "(|aPage| '|")
-                           (CONS |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)") NIL)))))))))
+                     (CONS "(|aPage| '|"
+                           (CONS |s| (CONS "|)" NIL)))))))))
 
 (DEFUN |htPred2English,gn| (|x| |op| |l| |prec|)
   (declare (ignore |prec|))
@@ -18949,19 +18861,19 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$emList|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (IF (MEMQ |op| '(NOT |not|))
-               (EXIT (SEQ (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "not "))
+               (EXIT (SEQ (|htSay| "not ")
                           (EXIT (|htPred2English,fn| (CAR |l|) 0)))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|HasCategory|)
                (EXIT (SEQ (|bcConform| (CAR |l|) |$emList|)
-                          (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " has "))
+                          (|htSay| " has ")
                           (EXIT (|bcConform| (CADADR |l|) |$emList|)))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|HasAttribute|)
                (EXIT (SEQ (|bcConform| (CAR |l|) |$emList|)
-                          (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " has "))
+                          (|htSay| " has ")
                           (EXIT (|htPred2English,fnAttr| (CADADR |l|))))))
            (IF (MEMQ |op| '(|has| |ofCategory|))
                (EXIT (SEQ (|bcConform| (CAR |l|) |$emList|)
-                          (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " has "))
+                          (|htSay| " has ")
                           (PROGN
                             (SPADLET |a| (CAR |l|))
                             (SPADLET |b| (CADR |l|))
@@ -19001,7 +18913,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                        'T)))
                               (EXIT (SEQ
                                      (IF (> |iprec| |prec|)
-                                      (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "(")) NIL)
+                                      (|htSay| "(") NIL)
                                      (|htPred2English,fn| (CAR |l|)
                                       |iprec|)
                                      (DO
@@ -19014,22 +18926,22 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                           NIL))
                                        NIL)
                                        (SEQ
-                                        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                        (|htSay| " "
                                          (OR |rename| |op|)
-                                         (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                         " ")
                                         (EXIT
                                          (|htPred2English,fn| |y|
                                           |iprec|))))
                                      (EXIT
                                       (IF (> |iprec| |prec|)
-                                       (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ")")) NIL)))))
-                          (IF (> 5 |prec|) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "("))
+                                       (|htSay| ")") NIL)))))
+                          (IF (> 5 |prec|) (|htSay| "(")
                               NIL)
                           (|htPred2English,gn| |x| |op| |l| |prec|)
                           (EXIT (IF (> 5 |prec|)
-                                    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ")")) NIL)))))
+                                    (|htSay| ")") NIL)))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '|etc|)
-               (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "..."))))
+               (EXIT (|htSay| "...")))
            (IF (AND (IDENTP |x|) (NULL (MEMQ |x| |$emList|)))
                (EXIT (|htSay| (|escapeSpecialIds| (PNAME |x|)))))
            (EXIT (|htSay| (|form2HtString| |x| |$emList|)))))))
@@ -19087,7 +18999,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (SEQ (IF (IDENTP |u|) (EXIT (|escapeSpecialIds| (PNAME |u|))))
            (IF (STRINGP |u|) (EXIT (|escapeString| |u|)))
            (IF (ATOM |u|) (EXIT (|systemError|)))
-           (EXIT (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+           (EXIT (CONS "("
                        (APPEND (PROG (G176603)
                                  (SPADLET G176603 NIL)
                                  (RETURN
@@ -19104,10 +19016,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                        (SETQ G176603
                                         (APPEND G176603
                                          (|lisp2HT,fn| |x|))))))))
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL))))))))
+                               (CONS ")" NIL))))))))
 
 
-(DEFUN |lisp2HT| (|u|) (CONS (MAKESTRING "'") (|lisp2HT,fn| |u|)))
+(DEFUN |lisp2HT| (|u|) (CONS "'" (|lisp2HT,fn| |u|)))
 
 ;args2HtString(x,:options) ==
 ;  null x => '""
@@ -19119,7 +19031,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROG (|emList|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((NULL |x|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+        ((NULL |x|) "")
         ('T (SPADLET |emList| (IFCAR |options|))
          (SUBSTRING (|form2HtString| (CONS '|f| |x|) |emList|) 1 NIL))))))
 
@@ -19158,12 +19070,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 ;      STRCONC('",",fn first x,fnTailTail rest x)
 
 (DEFUN |form2HtString,fnTailTail| (|x|)
-  (SEQ (IF (NULL |x|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
-       (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",") (|form2HtString,fn| (CAR |x|))
+  (SEQ (IF (NULL |x|) (EXIT ""))
+       (EXIT (STRCONC "," (|form2HtString,fn| (CAR |x|))
                       (|form2HtString,fnTailTail| (CDR |x|))))))
 
 (DEFUN |form2HtString,fnTail| (|x| |str|)
-  (SEQ (IF (NULL |x|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+  (SEQ (IF (NULL |x|) (EXIT ""))
        (EXIT (STRCONC (ELT |str| 0) (|form2HtString,fn| (CAR |x|))
                       (|form2HtString,fnTailTail| (CDR |x|))
                       (ELT |str| 1)))))
@@ -19174,37 +19086,37 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (IF (ATOM |x|)
                (EXIT (SEQ (IF (MEMQ |x| |$FormalMapVariableList|)
-                              (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\")
+                              (EXIT (STRCONC "\\"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |x|))))
                           (SPADLET |u|
                                    (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                     (STRINGIMAGE |x|)))
                           (IF (MEMQ |x| |$emList|)
-                              (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |u|
-                                     (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+                              (EXIT (STRCONC "{\\em " |u|
+                                     "}")))
                           (IF (STRINGP |x|)
-                              (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\"") |u|
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\""))))
+                              (EXIT (STRCONC "\"" |u|
+                                     "\"")))
                           (EXIT |u|))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |x|) 'QUOTE)
-               (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "'")
+               (EXIT (STRCONC "'"
                               (|sexpr2HtString| (CAR (CDR |x|))))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |x|) '|:|)
                (EXIT (STRCONC (|form2HtString,fn| (CAR (CDR |x|)))
-                              (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                              ": "
                               (|form2HtString,fn|
                                   (CAR (CDR (CDR |x|)))))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |x|) '|Mapping|)
                (EXIT (STRCONC (|form2HtString,fnTail| (CDR (CDR |x|))
-                                  (MAKESTRING "()"))
-                              (MAKESTRING "->")
+                                  "()")
+                              "->"
                               (|form2HtString,fn| (CAR (CDR |x|))))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |x|) '|construct|)
                (EXIT (|form2HtString,fnTail| (CDR |x|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "[]"))))
+                         "[]")))
            (SPADLET |tail|
                     (|form2HtString,fnTail| (CDR |x|)
-                        (MAKESTRING "()")))
+                        "()"))
            (SPADLET |head| (|form2HtString,fn| (CAR |x|)))
            (EXIT (STRCONC |head| |tail|))))))
 
@@ -19233,11 +19145,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |r| (CDR |x|))
            (SPADLET |suffix|
-                    (SEQ (IF (NULL |r|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+                    (SEQ (IF (NULL |r|) (EXIT ""))
                          (IF (ATOM |r|)
-                             (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING " . ")
+                             (EXIT (STRCONC " . "
                                     (|form2HtString| (CDR |x|)))))
-                         (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING " ")
+                         (EXIT (STRCONC " "
                                         (|sexpr2HtString,fn| |r|)))))
            (EXIT (STRCONC (|sexpr2HtString| (CAR |x|)) |suffix|))))))
 
@@ -19245,8 +19157,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (COND
     ((ATOM |x|) (|form2HtString| |x|))
     ('T
-     (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(") (|sexpr2HtString,fn| |x|)
-              (MAKESTRING ")")))))
+     (STRCONC "(" (|sexpr2HtString,fn| |x|)
+              ")"))))
 
 ;form2LispString(x) ==
 ;  atom x =>
@@ -19267,19 +19179,19 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (COND
         ((ATOM |x|)
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| '$) (MAKESTRING "_$"))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| '$) "_$")
            ((MEMQ |x| |$FormalMapVariableList|)
             (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE '_) (STRINGIMAGE |x|)))
            ((STRINGP |x|)
-            (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\"") (STRINGIMAGE |x|)
-                     (MAKESTRING "\"")))
+            (STRCONC "\"" (STRINGIMAGE |x|)
+                     "\""))
            ('T (STRINGIMAGE |x|))))
         ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) 'QUOTE)
               (PROGN
                 (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |x|))
                 (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|) (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#1|) NIL)
                      (PROGN (SPADLET |a| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T))))
-         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "'") (|sexpr2LispString| |a|)))
+         (STRCONC "'" (|sexpr2LispString| |a|)))
         ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) '|:|)
               (PROGN
                 (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |x|))
@@ -19289,14 +19201,14 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                        (SPADLET |ISTMP#2| (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                        (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#2|) (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#2|) NIL)
                             (PROGN (SPADLET |b| (QCAR |ISTMP#2|)) 'T))))))
-         (STRCONC (|form2LispString| |a|) (MAKESTRING ":")
+         (STRCONC (|form2LispString| |a|) ":"
                   (|form2LispString| |b|)))
         ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |x|) '|Mapping|)
          (COND
            ((NULL (CDR (SPADLET |r| (CDR |x|))))
-            (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "()->") (|form2LispString| (CAR |r|))))
+            (STRCONC "()->" (|form2LispString| (CAR |r|))))
            ('T
-            (STRCONC (|args2LispString| (CDR |r|)) (MAKESTRING "->")
+            (STRCONC (|args2LispString| (CDR |r|)) "->"
                      (|form2LispString| (CAR |r|))))))
         ('T
          (STRCONC (|form2LispString| (CAR |x|))
@@ -19317,11 +19229,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |r| (CDR |x|))
            (SPADLET |suffix|
-                    (SEQ (IF (NULL |r|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+                    (SEQ (IF (NULL |r|) (EXIT ""))
                          (IF (ATOM |r|)
-                             (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING " . ")
+                             (EXIT (STRCONC " . "
                                     (|form2LispString| (CDR |x|)))))
-                         (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING " ")
+                         (EXIT (STRCONC " "
                                         (|sexpr2LispString,fn| |r|)))))
            (EXIT (STRCONC (|sexpr2HtString| (CAR |x|)) |suffix|))))))
 
@@ -19329,8 +19241,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (COND
     ((ATOM |x|) (|form2LispString| |x|))
     ('T
-     (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(") (|sexpr2LispString,fn| |x|)
-              (MAKESTRING ")")))))
+     (STRCONC "(" (|sexpr2LispString,fn| |x|)
+              ")"))))
 
 ;args2LispString x ==
 ;  null x => '""
@@ -19340,17 +19252,17 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 ;      STRCONC('",",form2LispString first x,fnTailTail rest x)
 
 (DEFUN |args2LispString,fnTailTail| (|x|)
-  (SEQ (IF (NULL |x|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
-       (EXIT (STRCONC (MAKESTRING ",") (|form2LispString| (CAR |x|))
+  (SEQ (IF (NULL |x|) (EXIT ""))
+       (EXIT (STRCONC "," (|form2LispString| (CAR |x|))
                       (|args2LispString,fnTailTail| (CDR |x|))))))
 
 (DEFUN |args2LispString| (|x|)
   (COND
-    ((NULL |x|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+    ((NULL |x|) "")
     ('T
-     (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(") (|form2LispString| (CAR |x|))
+     (STRCONC "(" (|form2LispString| (CAR |x|))
               (|args2LispString,fnTailTail| (CDR |x|))
-              (MAKESTRING ")")))))
+              ")"))))
 
 ;dbConstructorKind x ==
 ;  target := CADAR GETDATABASE(x,'CONSTRUCTORMODEMAP)
@@ -19439,15 +19351,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (COND
                ((STRINGP |comments|)
                 (COND
-                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |comments| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
-                  ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
-                   (COND (|italics?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em "))))
+                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |comments| "") NIL)
+                  ('T (|htSay| "\\newline ")
+                   (COND (|italics?| (|htSay| "{\\em ")))
                    (|htSay| |comments|)
                    (COND
-                     (|italics?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                     (|italics?| (|htSay| "}"))
                      ('T NIL)))))
                ((NULL |comments|) NIL)
-               ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+               ('T (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (COND (|italics?| (|htSay| '|{\\em |)))
                 (|htSay| (CAR |comments|))
                 (DO ((G176760 (CDR |comments|) (CDR G176760))
@@ -19455,9 +19367,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                     ((OR (ATOM G176760)
                          (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G176760)) NIL))
                      NIL)
-                  (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " ") |x|))))
+                  (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| " " |x|))))
                 (COND
-                  (|italics?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                  (|italics?| (|htSay| "}"))
                   ('T NIL)))))))))
 
 ;bcConform(form,:options) ==
@@ -19549,7 +19461,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 ;htSayItalics s == htSay('"{\em ",s,'"}")
 
 (DEFUN |htSayItalics| (|s|)
-  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |s| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+  (|htSay| "{\\em " |s| "}"))
 
 ;bcCon(name,:options) ==
 ;  argString := IFCAR options or '""
@@ -19563,7 +19475,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROG (|argString| |s|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (SPADLET |argString| (OR (IFCAR |options|) (MAKESTRING "")))
+        (SPADLET |argString| (OR (IFCAR |options|) ""))
         (SPADLET |s| (STRINGIMAGE |name|))
         (|bcStar| |name|)
         (|htSayConstructorName| |s| |s|)
@@ -19620,7 +19532,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     ((NULL |exposed?|) (|htSayUnexposed|)
      (COND
        ((BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |op| 0) (|char| '*))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " ")))
+        (|htSay| " "))
        ('T NIL)))
     ('T (|htBlank|))))
 
@@ -19644,10 +19556,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |u| (GETDATABASE |name| 'SOURCEFILE))
         (COND
-          ((NULL |u|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((NULL |u|) "")
           ('T (SPADLET |n| (PATHNAME-NAME |u|))
            (SPADLET |t| (PATHNAME-TYPE |u|))
-           (STRCONC |n| (MAKESTRING ".") |t|)))))))
+           (STRCONC |n| "." |t|)))))))
 
 ;asharpConstructorName? name ==
 ;  u:= GETDATABASE(name,'SOURCEFILE)
@@ -19658,7 +19570,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |u| (GETDATABASE |name| 'SOURCEFILE))
-        (AND |u| (BOOT-EQUAL (PATHNAME-TYPE |u|) (MAKESTRING "as")))))))
+        (AND |u| (BOOT-EQUAL (PATHNAME-TYPE |u|) "as"))))))
 
 ;asharpConstructors() ==
 ;  [x for x in allConstructors() | not asharpConstructorName? x]
@@ -19719,19 +19631,19 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (|htMakePage|
                                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
                                          (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                           (STRINGIMAGE (|opOf| |op|)))
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS |fn| (CONS |i| NIL))))
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;bcNameConTable u ==
@@ -19772,11 +19684,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (|bcStarSpace| (|opOf| |con|))
                             (|bcConform| |con|)
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;bcAbbTable u ==
@@ -19805,7 +19717,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
                             (COND
                               ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                                     (PROGN
@@ -19816,9 +19728,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                          (SPADLET |abb|
                                           (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                          'T))))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                               (|htSay| "{")
                                (|bcAbb| |con| |abb|)
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                               (|htSay| "}"))
                               ('T NIL))))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
@@ -19864,8 +19776,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (|bcStarSpace| (|opOf| |conform|))
                             (SPADLET |form|
                                      (COND
@@ -19885,13 +19797,13 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                         (SPADLET |pred|
                                          (QCDR |ISTMP#1|))
                                         'T)))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " {\\em of} "))
+                               (|htSay| " {\\em of} ")
                                (|bcConform| (CONS |conname| |arglist|)
                                    |italicList| 'T)))
                             (COND
                               ((NEQUAL |pred| '|etc|)
                                (|bcPred| |pred| |italicList|)))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;bcPred(pred,:options) ==
@@ -19905,13 +19817,13 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROG (|italicList|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |pred| (MAKESTRING "")) (BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T)
+        ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |pred| "") (BOOT-EQUAL |pred| 'T)
              (NULL |pred|))
          '|skip|)
         ('T (SPADLET |italicList| (IFCAR |options|))
          (COND
            ((NULL (IFCAR (IFCDR |options|)))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " {\\em if} "))))
+            (|htSay| " {\\em if} ")))
          (|htPred2English| |pred| |italicList|))))))
 
 ;extractHasArgs pred ==
@@ -20013,7 +19925,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROG (|firstTime| |s|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline"))
+             (|htSay| "\\newline")
              (|htBeginTable|)
              (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
              (DO ((G177128 |u| (CDR G177128)) (|x| NIL))
@@ -20023,8 +19935,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (COND ((IFCAR |option|) (|bcStar| |x|)))
                             (|htMakePage|
                                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
@@ -20033,11 +19945,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                          (SPADLET |s|
                                           (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                            (STRINGIMAGE |x|)))
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS |fn| (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;bcNameCountTable(u,fn,gn,:options) ==
@@ -20065,7 +19977,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                       (COND
                         ((IFCAR |options|) '|bcLispLinks|)
                         ('T '|bcLinks|)))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline"))
+             (|htSay| "\\newline")
              (|htBeginTable|)
              (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
              (DO ((|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)) (G177152 |u| (CDR G177152))
@@ -20076,17 +19988,17 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "&"))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "&")))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (|htMakePage|
                                 (CONS (CONS |linkFunction|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS (FUNCALL |fn| |x|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS |gn| (CONS |i| NIL))))
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                            (|htSay| "}")))))
              (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;dbSayItemsItalics(:u) ==
@@ -20097,9 +20009,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 (DEFUN |dbSayItemsItalics| (&REST G177169 &AUX |u|)
   (DSETQ |u| G177169)
   (PROGN
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em "))
+    (|htSay| "{\\em ")
     (APPLY (|function| |dbSayItems|) |u|)
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+    (|htSay| "}")))
 
 ;dbSayItems(countOrPrefix,singular,plural,:options) ==
 ;  bcHt '"\newline "
@@ -20121,7 +20033,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROG (|ISTMP#1| |c| |prefix| |count|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+             (|bcHt| "\\newline ")
              (SPADLET |count|
                       (COND
                         ((AND (PAIRP |countOrPrefix|)
@@ -20141,16 +20053,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                         ('T |countOrPrefix|)))
              (COND
                ((EQL |count| 0)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "No ") |singular|))
-               ((EQL |count| 1) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "1 ") |singular|))
-               ('T (|htSay| |count| (MAKESTRING " ") |plural|)))
+                (|htSay| "No " |singular|))
+               ((EQL |count| 1) (|htSay| "1 " |singular|))
+               ('T (|htSay| |count| " " |plural|)))
              (DO ((G177179 |options| (CDR G177179)) (|x| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G177179)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G177179)) NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (|bcHt| |x|))))
              (COND
-               ((NEQUAL |count| 0) (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ":")))
+               ((NEQUAL |count| 0) (|bcHt| ":"))
                ('T NIL)))))))
 
 ;dbBasicConstructor? conname == MEMBER(dbSourceFile conname,'("catdef" "coerce"))
@@ -20222,22 +20134,20 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |skipNamePart| (IFCAR |options|))
         (SPADLET |heading|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "No ")
+                 (CONS "No "
                        (CONS (|capitalize| |kind|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING " Found") NIL))))
+                             (CONS " Found" NIL))))
         (|htInitPage| |heading| NIL)
         (SPADLET |exposePart|
                  (COND
                    ((NULL |$includeUnexposed?|)
-                    (MAKESTRING "{\\em exposed} "))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                     "\\vspace{1}\\newline\\centerline{There is no ")
+                    "{\\em exposed} ")
+                   ('T "")))
+        (|htSay|                      "\\vspace{1}\\newline\\centerline{There is no "
                  |exposePart| |kind|
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     " matching pattern}\\newline\\centerline{{\\em "))
+                                      " matching pattern}\\newline\\centerline{{\\em ")
         (COND (|filter| (|htPred2English| |filter|)))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}}"))
+        (|htSay| "}}")
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
 ;isLoaded? conform == GET(constructor? opOf conform,'LOADED)
@@ -20277,8 +20187,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |s| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|filter|))
         (COND
-          ((OR (NULL |s|) (BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "")))
-           (MAKESTRING "*"))
+          ((OR (NULL |s|) (BOOT-EQUAL |s| ""))
+           "*")
           ('T |s|))))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
@@ -20306,7 +20216,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                 (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| |x|))))
               (|htShowPage|))
              ('T
-              (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "Unexpected error message"))))))))
+              (|systemError| "Unexpected error message")))))))
 
 ;errorPage(htPage,[heading,kind,:info]) ==
 ;  kind = 'invalidType => kInvalidTypePage first info
@@ -20330,7 +20240,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                ('T
                 (COND
                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |heading| '|error|)
-                   (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Error") NIL))
+                   (|htInitPage| "Error" NIL))
                   ('T (|htInitPage| |heading| NIL)))
                 (|bcBlankLine|)
                 (DO ((G177299 |info| (CDR G177299)) (|x| NIL))
@@ -20345,10 +20255,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |htErrorStar| ()
   (|errorPage| NIL
-      (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em *} not a valid search string")
+      (CONS "{\\em *} not a valid search string"
             (CONS NIL
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                            "\\vspace{3}\\centerline{{\\em *} is not a valid search string for a general search}\\centerline{\\em {it would match everything!}}")
+                  (CONS                             "\\vspace{3}\\centerline{{\\em *} is not a valid search string for a general search}\\centerline{\\em {it would match everything!}}"
                         NIL)))))
 
 ;htQueryPage(htPage,heading,message,query,fn) ==
@@ -20386,29 +20295,29 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |upLink?| (IFCAR |options|))
         (COND
-          (|question| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\vspace{1}\\centerline{"))
-              (|htSay| |question|) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{"))
+          (|question| (|htSay| "\\vspace{1}\\centerline{")
+              (|htSay| |question|) (|htSay| "}")))
+        (|htSay| "\\centerline{")
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\fbox{Yes}")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "\\fbox{Yes}"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS |fn| (CONS '|yes| NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
         (|htBlank| 4)
         (COND
           (|upLink?|
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\downlink{\\fbox{No}}{UpPage}")))
+              (|htSay| "\\downlink{\\fbox{No}}{UpPage}"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\fbox{No}")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\fbox{No}"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS |fn| (CONS '|no| NIL))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL))))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+        (|htSay| "}")))))
 
 ;kInvalidTypePage form ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Error",nil)
@@ -20419,11 +20328,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |kInvalidTypePage| (|form|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Error") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Error" NIL)
     (|bcBlankLine|)
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                 "\\centerline{You gave an invalid type:}\\newline\\centerline{{\\sf "))
-    (|htSay| (|form2HtString| |form|) (MAKESTRING "}}"))
+    (|htSay|                  "\\centerline{You gave an invalid type:}\\newline\\centerline{{\\sf ")
+    (|htSay| (|form2HtString| |form|) "}}")
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;dbNotAvailablePage(:options) ==
@@ -20435,11 +20343,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 (DEFUN |dbNotAvailablePage| (&REST G177333 &AUX |options|)
   (DSETQ |options| G177333)
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Missing Page") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Missing Page" NIL)
     (|bcBlankLine|)
     (|htSay| (OR (IFCAR |options|)
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     "\\centerline{This page is not available yet}")))
+                                      "\\centerline{This page is not available yet}"))
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
@@ -20590,12 +20497,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                  |infoAlist| |opAlist|)
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (SPADLET |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+        (SPADLET |which| "operation")
         (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|which| |which|)
         (SPADLET |domname| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|domname|))
         (SPADLET |conform| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|))
         (SPADLET |heading|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "Capsule Cross Reference for ")
+                 (CONS "Capsule Cross Reference for "
                        (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|heading|)))
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage| |heading| (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|)))
@@ -20930,7 +20837,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                       (COND
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|category|)
                          (CONS (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |conname|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "&")))
+                                        "&"))
                                (CONS '$ (CDR |conform|))))
                         ('T |conform|)))
              (SPADLET |faTypes|
@@ -20947,20 +20854,20 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                       (|escapeSpecialChars|
                           (STRINGIMAGE (|zeroOneConvert| |op|))))
              (SPADLET |oppart|
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
-                            (CONS |ops| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                      (CONS "{\\em "
+                            (CONS |ops| (CONS "}" NIL))))
              (SPADLET |head|
                       (COND
                         (|sig| (APPEND |oppart|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                       (CONS ": "
                                         (|dbConformGen|
                                          (|dbInfoSig| |sig|)))))
                         ('T |oppart|)))
              (SPADLET |heading|
                       (APPEND |head|
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING " from {\\sf ")
+                              (CONS " from {\\sf "
                                     (CONS (|form2HtString| |conform|)
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+                                     (CONS "}" NIL)))))
              (DO ((G177589 |alist| (CDR G177589)) (|u| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G177589)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |u| (CAR G177589)) NIL))
@@ -21041,7 +20948,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                          (SETQ G177606
                                           (OR G177606 |x|)))))))))
                           (|systemError|
-                              (MAKESTRING "cannot find signature"))))
+                              "cannot find signature")))
              (SPADLET |sig| (CAR |item|))
              (SPADLET |pred| (CADR |item|))
              (SPADLET |origin| (CADDR |item|))
@@ -21049,13 +20956,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (SPADLET |doc| (CAR (CDDDDR |item|)))
              (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|fromAlist| |fromAlist|)
              (|htSayHline|)
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                          "\\center{Cross Reference for definition of {\\em ")
-                      |ops| (MAKESTRING "}}\\beginmenu "))
+             (|htSay|                           "\\center{Cross Reference for definition of {\\em "
+                      |ops| "}}\\beginmenu ")
              (COND
                (|locals|
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                    "\\item\\menuitemstyle{}{\\em local variables:}\\newline"))
+                   (|htSay|                     "\\item\\menuitemstyle{}{\\em local variables:}\\newline")
                    (|dbShowInfoList| |locals| 8192 NIL)))
              (SPADLET |bincount| 2)
              (DO ((G177635 |fromAlist| (CDR G177635))
@@ -21070,15 +20975,13 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                         NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\item"))
+                            (|htSay| "\\item")
                             (COND
                               ((IDENTP |con|)
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                         "\\menuitemstyle{} {\\em calls to} "))
+                               (|htSay|                                          "\\menuitemstyle{} {\\em calls to} ")
                                (COND
                                  ((NEQUAL |con| '|Rep|)
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                            "{\\em argument} "))))
+                                  (|htSay|                                             "{\\em argument} ")))
                                (|htSay| |con|)
                                (COND
                                  ((PROG (G177642)
@@ -21120,8 +21023,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                                 |orig|))
                                               (BOOT-EQUAL |origin|
                                                |orig|))))))))))
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                            " {\\em of type} "))
+                                  (|htSay|                                             " {\\em of type} ")
                                   (|bcConform| |orig|)))
                                (SPADLET |buttonForOp| NIL))
                               ('T
@@ -21130,20 +21032,20 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                     (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       "\\menuitemstyle{}"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbInfoChoose|
                                          (CONS |bincount| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                                     NIL))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em calls to} "))
+                               (|htSay| "{\\em calls to} ")
                                (|bcConform| |con|)
                                (SPADLET |buttonForOp| 'T)))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ":\\newline "))
+                            (|htSay| ":\\newline ")
                             (|dbShowInfoList| |fns|
                                 (TIMES |bincount| 8192) |buttonForOp|)
                             (SPADLET |bincount| (PLUS |bincount| 1))))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu ")))))))
+             (|htSay| "\\endmenu "))))))
 
 ;dbShowInfoList(dataItems,count,buttonForOp?) ==
 ;--dataItems are [op,:sig]
@@ -21176,7 +21078,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |single?| (NULL (CDR |dataItems|)))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\table{"))
+             (|htSay| "\\table{")
              (DO ((G177759 |dataItems| (CDR G177759)) (|item| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G177759)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |item| (CAR G177759)) NIL))
@@ -21208,12 +21110,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                             (SPADLET |ops|
                                      (|escapeSpecialChars|
                                       (STRINGIMAGE |op|)))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+                            (|htSay| "{")
                             (COND
                               ((OR (> 16384 |count|)
                                    (NULL |buttonForOp?|))
                                (|htSay| (CONS |ops|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ") NIL)))
+                                         (CONS ": " NIL)))
                                (COND
                                  ((ATOM |sig|) (|bcConform| |sig|))
                                  ('T (|bcConform| (|dbInfoSig| |sig|)))))
@@ -21223,18 +21125,18 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                     (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS |ops|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbInfoChooseSingle|
                                          (CONS |count| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                                     NIL))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                               (|htSay| ": ")
                                (COND
                                  ((ATOM |sig|) (|htSay| |sig|))
                                  ('T (|bcConform| (|dbInfoSig| |sig|))))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                            (|htSay| "}")
                             (SPADLET |count| (PLUS |count| 1))))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "} "))
+             (|htSay| "} ")
              |count|)))))
 
 ;dbInfoFindCat(conform,conArgTypes,u) ==
@@ -21455,7 +21357,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|kind|
                  (PNAME (GETDATABASE (|opOf| |con|) 'CONSTRUCTORKIND)))
              (|dbShowOperationsFromConform| |page|
-                 (MAKESTRING "operation") |opAlist|))))))
+                 "operation" |opAlist|))))))
 
 ;dbInfoSigMatch(x,alist) ==
 ;  [op,:sigAlist] := x
@@ -21593,7 +21495,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                     (|koOps| (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|conform|) NIL))
            (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist| |opAlist|)
            (|dbExpandOpAlistIfNecessary| |htPage| |opAlist|
-               (MAKESTRING "operation") NIL NIL)))
+               "operation" NIL NIL)))
         (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|)))))
 
 ;--============================================================================
@@ -21693,20 +21595,20 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (COND
           (|cat?| (SPADLET |conname|
                            (INTERN (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |conname|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING "&"))))))
+                                    "&")))))
         (SPADLET |abb|
                  (OR (|constructor?| |conname|)
-                     (RETURN (MAKESTRING "not a constructor"))))
+                     (RETURN "not a constructor")))
         (SPADLET |fs|
-                 (STRCONC (PNAME |abb|) (MAKESTRING ".nrlib/info")))
+                 (STRCONC (PNAME |abb|) ".nrlib/info"))
         (SPADLET |inStream|
                  (COND
                    ((PROBE-FILE |fs|) (OPEN |fs|))
                    ('T
                     (SPADLET |filename|
-                             (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "/spad/int/algebra/")
+                             (STRCONC "/spad/int/algebra/"
                                       (PNAME |abb|)
-                                      (MAKESTRING ".nrlib/info")))
+                                      ".nrlib/info"))
                     (COND
                       ((PROBE-FILE |filename|) (OPEN |filename|))
                       ('T (RETURN NIL))))))
@@ -21729,7 +21631,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 ;--$standard:= true  --true to write browser output on AIX
 ;$saturnAmpersand := '"\&\&"
 
-(SPADLET |$saturnAmpersand| (MAKESTRING "\\&\\&"))
+(SPADLET |$saturnAmpersand| "\\&\\&")
 
 ;$saturnFileNumber --true to write DOS files for Thinkpad (testing only)
 ;   := false
@@ -21838,7 +21740,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (SPADLET |$saturn| 'T)
     (SPADLET |$saturnFileNumber| NIL)
     (SPADLET |$standard| NIL)
-    (|saturnEvalToFile| |command| (MAKESTRING "/tmp/sat.text"))))
+    (|saturnEvalToFile| |command| "/tmp/sat.text")))
 
 ;ut() ==
 ;  $saturn := false
@@ -21857,7 +21759,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$saturnFileNumber|))
   (PROGN
     (SPADLET |$saturnFileNumber| 1)
-    (|obey| (MAKESTRING "dosdir"))))
+    (|obey| "dosdir")))
 
 ;offDisk() ==
 ;  $saturnFileNumber := false
@@ -21884,9 +21786,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |htSayCold| (|x|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\lispLink{}{"))
+    (|htSay| "\\lispLink{}{")
     (|htSay| |x|)
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+    (|htSay| "}")))
 
 ;htSayIfStandard(x, :options) ==  --do only for $standard
 ;  $standard => htSayBind(x,options)
@@ -21983,7 +21885,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |htShowPage| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll"))
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\endscroll")
     (|htShowPageNoScroll|)))
 
 ;------------------> NEW DEFINITION (see ht-util.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -22016,7 +21918,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                     |$saturn| |$standard|))
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\autobuttons"))
+        (|htSayStandard| "\\autobuttons")
         (COND
           (|$standard|
               (|htpSetPageDescription| |$curPage|
@@ -22067,19 +21969,17 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (COND
         (|$saturn| (SPADLET |$marg| 0) (SPADLET |$linelength| 80)
             (|writeSaturn|
-                (MAKESTRING
-                    "\\inputonce{<AXIOM>/doc/browser/browmacs.tex}"))
+                                    "\\inputonce{<AXIOM>/doc/browser/browmacs.tex}")
             (|writeSaturnPrefix|) (|writeSaturn| |line|)
             (|writeSaturnSuffix|)
             (COND
               (|$saturnFileNumber|
                   (SPADLET |fn|
-                           (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "sat")
+                           (STRCONC "sat"
                                     (STRINGIMAGE |$saturnFileNumber|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING ".tex")))
-                  (|obey| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING
-                                    "doswrite -a saturn.tex ")
-                                   |fn| (MAKESTRING ".tex")))
+                                    ".tex"))
+                  (|obey| (STRCONC                                     "doswrite -a saturn.tex "
+                                   |fn| ".tex"))
                   (SPADLET |$saturnFileNumber|
                            (PLUS |$saturnFileNumber| 1)))
               ('T NIL)))
@@ -22108,16 +22008,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                        (PLUS |$saturnContextMenuIndex|
                                         1))))
                          (|writeSaturnLines|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\newmenu{BCM")
+                             (CONS "\\newmenu{BCM"
                                    (CONS |index|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                    (CONS "}{"
                                      (APPEND
                                       (NREVERSE
                                        |$saturnContextMenuLines|)
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "}\\usemenu{BCM")
+                                       "}\\usemenu{BCM"
                                        (CONS |index|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{\\vbox{")
+                                        (CONS "}{\\vbox{"
                                          NIL))))))))))))))))
 
 ;writeSaturnSuffix() ==
@@ -22127,7 +22027,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$saturnContextMenuLines|))
   (SEQ (COND
          (|$saturnContextMenuLines|
-             (EXIT (|saturnPRINTEXP| (MAKESTRING "}}")))))))
+             (EXIT (|saturnPRINTEXP| "}}"))))))
 
 ;issueHTStandard line == --called by htMakePageNoScroll and htMakeErrorPage
 ;  if $standard then
@@ -22181,7 +22081,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
             NIL)
          (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                       (COND
-                        ((AND (NEQUAL |line| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                        ((AND (NEQUAL |line| "")
                               (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |line| 0)
                                   (|char| '|\\|)))
                          (|saturnTERPRI|)))
@@ -22271,19 +22171,19 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                 (|writeSaturnPrint| |segment|)
                 (COND
                   ((EQL |code| 1)
-                   (|writeSaturnPrint| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
+                   (|writeSaturnPrint| "\\\\")
                    (|writeSaturn| (SUBSTRING |line| (PLUS |k| 2) NIL)))
                   ((EQL |code| 2)
-                   (|writeSaturnPrint| (MAKESTRING "  &"))
+                   (|writeSaturnPrint| "  &")
                    (|writeSaturn| (SUBSTRING |line| (PLUS |k| 4) NIL)))
                   ((EQL |code| 3)
-                   (|writeSaturnPrint| (MAKESTRING "\\item"))
+                   (|writeSaturnPrint| "\\item")
                    (|writeSaturn| (SUBSTRING |line| (PLUS |k| 5) NIL)))
                   ((EQL |code| 4)
-                   (|writeSaturnPrint| (MAKESTRING "\\newline"))
+                   (|writeSaturnPrint| "\\newline")
                    (|writeSaturn| (SUBSTRING |line| (PLUS |k| 8) NIL)))
                   ((EQL |code| 5)
-                   (|writeSaturnPrint| (MAKESTRING "\\table{"))
+                   (|writeSaturnPrint| "\\table{")
                    (SPADLET |$marg| (PLUS |$marg| 3))
                    (|writeSaturnTable|
                        (SUBSTRING |line| (PLUS |k| 7) NIL)))
@@ -22302,11 +22202,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                   ((EQL |code| 8)
                    (SPADLET |i|
                             (COND
-                              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "\\beginmenu")
+                              ((|substring?| "\\beginmenu"
                                    |line| |k|)
                                (PLUS |k| 9))
                               ((|substring?|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll") |line|
+                                   "\\beginscroll" |line|
                                    |k|)
                                (PLUS |k| 11))
                               ('T
@@ -22326,10 +22226,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                   ((EQL |code| 9)
                    (SPADLET |i|
                             (COND
-                              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu")
+                              ((|substring?| "\\endmenu"
                                    |line| |k|)
                                (PLUS |k| 7))
-                              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll")
+                              ((|substring?| "\\endscroll"
                                    |line| |k|)
                                (PLUS |k| 9))
                               ('T
@@ -22382,15 +22282,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '|\\|)) 1)
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '&))
             (COND
-              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "&\\&") |line| |k|) 2)
+              ((|substring?| "&\\&" |line| |k|) 2)
               ('T NIL)))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '|i|))
             (COND
-              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "item") |line| |k|) 3)
+              ((|substring?| "item" |line| |k|) 3)
               ('T NIL)))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '|n|))
             (COND
-              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "newline") |line| |k|) 4)
+              ((|substring?| "newline" |line| |k|) 4)
               ('T NIL)))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '|t|))
             (COND
@@ -22401,18 +22301,18 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (COND
                  ((> (SPADLET |k| (PLUS |k| 1)) |n|) NIL)
                  ((BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |line| |k|) (|char| '{)) 6)
-                 ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "table") |line|
+                 ((|substring?| "table" |line|
                       (SPADDIFFERENCE |k| 3))
                   5)
                  ('T NIL)))))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '!)) 7)
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '|b|))
             (COND
-              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "begin") |line| |k|) 8)
+              ((|substring?| "begin" |line| |k|) 8)
               ('T NIL)))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |char2| (|char| '|e|))
             (COND
-              ((|substring?| (MAKESTRING "end") |line| |k|) 9)
+              ((|substring?| "end" |line| |k|) 9)
               ('T NIL)))
            ('T NIL)))))))
 
@@ -22427,7 +22327,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
          (DO ((G178364 (SPADDIFFERENCE |$marg| 1))
               (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
              ((QSGREATERP |i| G178364) NIL)
-           (SEQ (EXIT (|saturnPRINTEXP| (MAKESTRING " ")))))
+           (SEQ (EXIT (|saturnPRINTEXP| " "))))
          (|saturnPRINTEXP| |s|)
          (|saturnTERPRI|))))
 
@@ -22468,15 +22368,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |open|
-                 (|charPosition| (|char| (MAKESTRING "{")) |line| 0))
+                 (|charPosition| (|char| "{") |line| 0))
         (SPADLET |close|
-                 (|charPosition| (|char| (MAKESTRING "}")) |line| 0))
+                 (|charPosition| (|char| "}") |line| 0))
         (COND
           ((> |close| |open|)
            (SPADLET |close|
                     (OR (|findBalancingBrace| |line| (PLUS |open| 1)
                             (MAXINDEX |line|) 0)
-                        (|error| (MAKESTRING "no balancing brace"))))
+                        (|error| "no balancing brace")))
            (|writeSaturnPrint| (SUBSTRING |line| 0 (PLUS |close| 1)))
            (|writeSaturnTable| (SUBSTRING |line| (PLUS |close| 1) NIL)))
           ('T (SPADLET |$marg| (SPADDIFFERENCE |$marg| 3))
@@ -22638,7 +22538,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                              (|htProcessDoitButton| |items|))
                             ('T
                              (|systemError|
-                                 (MAKESTRING "unexpected branch"))))))))))))
+                                 "unexpected branch")))))))))))
 
 ;saturnTran x ==
 ;  x is [[kind, [s1, s2, :callTail]]] and MEMQ(kind,'(bcLinks bcLispLinks)) =>
@@ -22689,9 +22589,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
            ((SPADLET |y| (|isMenuItemStyle?| |s1|))
             (SPADLET |t1| (|mkDocLink| |fs| (|mkMenuButton|)))
             (COND
-              ((BOOT-EQUAL |y| (MAKESTRING ""))
+              ((BOOT-EQUAL |y| "")
                (COND
-                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |s2| (MAKESTRING "")) |t1|)
+                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |s2| "") |t1|)
                  ('T (|mkTabularItem| (CONS |t1| (CONS |text| NIL))))))
               ('T (SPADLET |t2| (|mkDocLink| |fs| |y|))
                (|mkTabularItem|
@@ -22718,9 +22618,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |secondPart|
                  (COND
-                   ((ATOM |s|) (CONS |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
-                   ('T (APPEND |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\bf ") |secondPart|)))))
+                   ((ATOM |s|) (CONS |s| (CONS "}" NIL)))
+                   ('T (APPEND |s| (CONS "}" NIL)))))
+        (CONS "{\\bf " |secondPart|)))))
 
 ;mkMenuButton() == [menuButton()]
 
@@ -22728,7 +22628,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 ;menuButton() == '"\menuitemstyle{}"
 
-(DEFUN |menuButton| () (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}"))
+(DEFUN |menuButton| () "\\menuitemstyle{}")
 
 ;-- Saturn must translate \menuitemstyle ==> {\menuButton}
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (override in ht-util.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -22742,9 +22642,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |func| (|mkCurryFun| (CAR |form|) (CDR |form|)))
-        (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(|htDoneButton| '|") |func|
-                 (MAKESTRING "| ") (|htpName| (|page|))
-                 (MAKESTRING ")"))))))
+        (STRCONC "(|htDoneButton| '|" |func|
+                 "| " (|htpName| (|page|))
+                 ")")))))
 
 ;mkDocLink(code,s) ==
 ;  if atom code then code := [code]
@@ -22755,10 +22655,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROGN
     (COND ((ATOM |code|) (SPADLET |code| (CONS |code| NIL))))
     (COND ((ATOM |s|) (SPADLET |s| (CONS |s| NIL))))
-    (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\lispLink[d]{\\verb!")
+    (CONS "\\lispLink[d]{\\verb!"
           (APPEND |code|
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "!}{")
-                        (APPEND |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))))
+                  (CONS "!}{"
+                        (APPEND |s| (CONS "}" NIL)))))))
 
 ;saturnTranText x ==
 ;  STRINGP x         => [unTab x]
@@ -22779,9 +22679,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                 (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |r|))
                 (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|)
                      (PROGN (SPADLET |fn| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T)))
-              (BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "\\unixcommand{")))
-         (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\it ")
-               (CONS |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING ".spad}") NIL))))
+              (BOOT-EQUAL |s| "\\unixcommand{"))
+         (CONS "{\\it "
+               (CONS |s| (CONS ".spad}" NIL))))
         ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
               (PROGN
                 (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCAR |x|))
@@ -22797,7 +22697,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |isMenuItemStyle?| (|s|)
   (COND
-    ((EQL 15 (STRING< (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{") |s|))
+    ((EQL 15 (STRING< "\\menuitemstyle{" |s|))
      (SUBSTRING |s| 15 (SPADDIFFERENCE (MAXINDEX |s|) 15)))
     ('T NIL)))
 
@@ -22841,8 +22741,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 (DEFUN |htSayHrule| ()
   (declare (special |$saturn|))
   (|bcHt| (COND
-            (|$saturn| (MAKESTRING "\\hrule{}\\newline{}"))
-            ('T (MAKESTRING "\\horizontalline{}\\newline{}")))))
+            (|$saturn| "\\hrule{}\\newline{}")
+            ('T "\\horizontalline{}\\newline{}"))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (override in ht-util.boot.pamphlet)
 ;htpAddInputAreaProp(htPage, label, prop) ==
@@ -22894,7 +22794,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       ((|typeCheckInputAreas| |htPage|) (|htMakeErrorPage| |htPage|))
       ((NULL (FBOUNDP |func|))
        (|systemError|
-           (CONS (MAKESTRING "unknown function") (CONS |func| NIL))))
+           (CONS "unknown function" (CONS |func| NIL))))
       ('T (FUNCALL (SYMBOL-FUNCTION |func|) |htPage|)))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (override in ht-util.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -22936,9 +22836,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                             (SPADLET |link|
                                      (COND
                                        (|$saturn|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\lispLink[d]"))
+                                        "\\lispLink[d]")
                                        ('T
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink"))))
+                                        "\\lispdownlink")))
                             (|htMakeButton| |link| |message|
                                 (|mkCurryFun| |func| |value|)
                                 |skipStateInfo?|)
@@ -22978,8 +22878,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                             (SPADLET |link|
                                      (COND
                                        (|$saturn|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\lispLink[n]"))
-                                       ('T (MAKESTRING "\\lisplink"))))
+                                        "\\lispLink[n]")
+                                       ('T "\\lisplink")))
                             (|htMakeButton| |link| |message|
                                 (|mkCurryFun| |func| |value|))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|))))))))))
@@ -23012,19 +22912,19 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                  (|htMakeButtonSaturn| |htCommand| |message| |func|
                      |options|))
              ('T (SPADLET |skipStateInfo?| (IFCAR |options|))
-              (|iht| (CONS |htCommand| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{") NIL)))
+              (|iht| (CONS |htCommand| (CONS "{" NIL)))
               (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
               (COND
                 (|skipStateInfo?|
-                    (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{(|htDoneButton| '|")
+                    (|iht| (CONS "}{(|htDoneButton| '|"
                                  (CONS |func|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ")
+                                       (CONS "| "
                                         (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING ")}") NIL)))))))
+                                         (CONS ")}" NIL)))))))
                 ('T
-                 (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{(|htDoneButton| '|")
+                 (|iht| (CONS "}{(|htDoneButton| '|"
                               (CONS |func|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "| (PROGN ") NIL))))
+                                    (CONS "| (PROGN " NIL))))
                  (DO ((G178686 (|htpInputAreaAlist| |$curPage|)
                           (CDR G178686))
                       (G178674 NIL))
@@ -23039,27 +22939,26 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                       NIL)
                    (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                 (|iht| (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "(|htpSetLabelInputString| ")
+                                                                                 "(|htpSetLabelInputString| "
                                         (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "'|")
+                                         (CONS "'|"
                                           (CONS |id|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ") NIL))))))
+                                           (CONS "| " NIL))))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| '|string|)
                                    (|iht|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\"\\stringvalue{")
+                                     "\"\\stringvalue{"
                                      (CONS |id|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\"") NIL)))))
+                                      (CONS "}\"" NIL)))))
                                   ('T
                                    (|iht|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"\\boxvalue{")
+                                    (CONS "\"\\boxvalue{"
                                      (CONS |id|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\"") NIL))))))
-                                (|iht| (MAKESTRING ") "))))))
+                                      (CONS "}\"" NIL))))))
+                                (|iht| ") ")))))
                  (|iht| (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING "))}") NIL)))))))))))
+                              (CONS "))}" NIL)))))))))))
 
 ;htMakeButtonSaturn(htCommand, message, func,options) ==
 ;  skipStateInfo? := IFCAR options
@@ -23093,19 +22992,18 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (|iht| |htCommand|)
              (COND
                (|skipStateInfo?|
-                   (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "{\\verb!(|htDoneButton| '|")
+                   (|iht| (CONS                                     "{\\verb!(|htDoneButton| '|"
                                 (CONS |func|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ")
+                                      (CONS "| "
                                        (CONS (|htpName| (|page|))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ")!}{") NIL))))))
-                   (|bcIssueHt| |message|) (|iht| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                                        (CONS ")!}{" NIL))))))
+                   (|bcIssueHt| |message|) (|iht| "}"))
                ('T
-                (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\verb!(|htDoneButton| '|")
-                             (CONS |func| (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ") NIL))))
+                (|iht| (CONS "{\\verb!(|htDoneButton| '|"
+                             (CONS |func| (CONS "| " NIL))))
                 (COND
                   (|$kPageSaturnArguments|
-                      (|iht| (MAKESTRING "(PROGN "))
+                      (|iht| "(PROGN ")
                       (DO ((G178711 |$kPageSaturnArguments|
                                (CDR G178711))
                            (|id| NIL)
@@ -23122,23 +23020,22 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                         (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                      (|iht|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "(|htpSetLabelInputString| ")
+                                                                               "(|htpSetLabelInputString| "
                                        (CONS (|htpName| (|page|))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "'|")
+                                        (CONS "'|"
                                          (CONS |var|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ") NIL))))))
+                                          (CONS "| " NIL))))))
                                      (|iht|
                                       (CONS '|'\|!\\|
                                        (CONS |id|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\verb!|")
+                                        (CONS "\\verb!|"
                                          NIL))))
-                                     (|iht| (MAKESTRING ")"))))))
+                                     (|iht| ")")))))
                       (|iht| (|htpName| |$saturnPage|))
-                      (|iht| (MAKESTRING ")")))
+                      (|iht| ")"))
                   ('T (|iht| (|htpName| |$saturnPage|))))
-                (|iht| (MAKESTRING ")!}{")) (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
-                (|iht| (MAKESTRING "}")))))))))
+                (|iht| ")!}{") (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
+                (|iht| "}"))))))))
 
 ;htpAddToPageDescription(htPage, pageDescrip) ==
 ;  newDescript :=
@@ -23189,7 +23086,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                       NIL))
                 NIL)
              (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                          (SPADLET |mess2| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                          (SPADLET |mess2| "")
                           (COND
                             ((NULL (LASSOC |stringName|
                                     (|htpInputAreaAlist| (|page|))))
@@ -23201,24 +23098,24 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                           (COND
                             ((|htpLabelErrorMsg| (|page|) |stringName|)
                              (|iht| (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{{\\em ")
+                                     "\\centerline{{\\em "
                                      (CONS
                                       (|htpLabelErrorMsg| (|page|)
                                        |stringName|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}") NIL))))
+                                      (CONS "}}" NIL))))
                              (SPADLET |mess2|
                                       (CONCAT |mess2| (|bcSadFaces|)))
                              (|htpSetLabelErrorMsg| (|page|)
                                  |stringName| NIL)))
-                          (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\inputstring{")
+                          (|iht| (CONS "\\inputstring{"
                                        (CONS |stringName|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                        (CONS "}{"
                                          (CONS |numChars|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                          (CONS "}{"
                                            (CONS
                                             (|htpLabelDefault| (|page|)
                                              |stringName|)
-                                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "} ")
+                                            (CONS "} "
                                              (CONS |mess2| NIL)))))))))))))))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (override in ht-util.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -23238,7 +23135,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 (DEFUN |htInitPage| (|title| |propList|)
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPageNoScroll| |propList| |title|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll "))
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\beginscroll ")
     (|page|)))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION <--------------------------
@@ -23285,12 +23182,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           (|title| (COND
                      (|$standard|
                          (|htSayStandard|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\begin{page}{")
+                             (CONS "\\begin{page}{"
                                    (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{") NIL))))))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\browseTitle{"))
-                   (|htSay| |title|) (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}"))
-                   (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "} "))))
+                                    (CONS "}{" NIL))))))
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "\\browseTitle{")
+                   (|htSay| |title|) (|htSaySaturn| "}")
+                   (|htSayStandard| "} ")))
         (|page|)))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION <--------------------------
@@ -23404,7 +23301,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (SPADLET |comments| (CADDDR (CDDDDR |parts|)))
         (SPADLET |form| (IFCAR |options|))
         (SPADLET |isFile| (NULL |kind|))
-        (SPADLET |kind| (OR |kind| (MAKESTRING "package")))
+        (SPADLET |kind| (OR |kind| "package"))
         (RPLACA |parts| |kind|)
         (SPADLET |conform| (|mkConform| |kind| |name| |args|))
         (SPADLET |$kPageSaturnArguments| (CDR |conform|))
@@ -23417,16 +23314,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                    ((KDR |form|) (|dbConformGenUnder| |form|))
                    ('T (CONS (STRCONC |name| |args|) NIL))))
         (SPADLET |emString|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\sf ")
+                 (CONS "{\\sf "
                        (APPEND |constrings|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                               (CONS "}" NIL))))
         (SPADLET |heading|
                  (CONS |capitalKind|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") |emString|)))
+                       (CONS " " |emString|)))
         (COND
           ((NULL (|isExposedConstructor| |conname|))
            (SPADLET |heading|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unexposed ") |heading|))))
+                    (CONS "Unexposed " |heading|))))
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |name| |abbrev|)
            (SPADLET |abbrev| (|asyAbbreviation| |conname| |nargs|))))
@@ -23451,7 +23348,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
            (|addParameterTemplates| |page| |conform|)))
         (COND
           (|$atLeastOneUnexposed|
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}{\\em *} = unexposed"))))
+              (|htSay| "\\newline{}{\\em *} = unexposed")))
         (|htSayStandard| '|\\endscroll |)
         (|kPageContextMenu| |page|)
         (|htShowPageNoScroll|)))))
@@ -23521,146 +23418,146 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
          (SPADLET |comments| (CADDDR (CDDDDR |LETTMP#1|)))
          (SPADLET |conform| (|htpProperty| |page| '|conform|))
          (SPADLET |conname| (|opOf| |conform|)) (|htBeginTable|)
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+         (|htSay| "{")
          (|htMakePage|
              (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                          (CONS (CONS '|Ancestors|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|kcaPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                NIL))
                    NIL))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (|htMakePage|
              (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                          (CONS (CONS '|Attributes|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|koPage|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "attribute")
+                                       (CONS "attribute"
                                         NIL))))
                                NIL))
                    NIL))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                             (CONS (CONS '|Children|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|kccPage|
                                           (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
          (COND
            ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                             (CONS (CONS '|Dependents|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|kcdePage|
                                           (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                             (CONS (CONS '|Descendents|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|kcdPage|
                                           (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (COND
               ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
                (|htMakePage|
                    (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                (CONS (CONS '|Domains|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                      (CONS ""
                                        (CONS '|kcdoPage|
                                         (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                      NIL))
                          NIL)))
-              ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Domains}"))))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              ('T (|htSay| "{\\em Domains}")))))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
-           ((AND (NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+           ((AND (NEQUAL |kind| "category")
                  (SPADLET |pathname| (|dbHasExamplePage| |conname|)))
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                             (CONS (CONS '|Examples|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|kxPage|
                                           (CONS |pathname| NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL)))
-           ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Examples}"))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ('T (|htSay| "{\\em Examples}")))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (|htMakePage|
              (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                          (CONS (CONS '|Exports|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|kePage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                NIL))
                    NIL))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (|htMakePage|
              (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                          (CONS (CONS '|Operations|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|koPage|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "operation")
+                                       (CONS "operation"
                                         NIL))))
                                NIL))
                    NIL))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (|htMakePage|
              (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                          (CONS (CONS '|Parents|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|kcpPage|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "operation")
+                                       (CONS "operation"
                                         NIL))))
                                NIL))
                    NIL))
          (COND
-           ((NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ((NEQUAL |kind| "category")
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (COND
               ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
                (|htMakePage|
                    (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                (CONS (CONS '|Search Path|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                      (CONS ""
                                        (CONS '|ksPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                      NIL))
                          NIL)))
-              ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Search Path}"))))))
+              ('T (|htSay| "{\\em Search Path}")))))
          (COND
-           ((NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ((NEQUAL |kind| "category")
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                             (CONS (CONS '|Users|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|kcuPage|
                                           (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+            (|htSay| "}{")
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                             (CONS (CONS '|Uses|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|kcnPage|
                                           (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+         (|htSay| "}")
          (COND (|$standard| (|htEndTable|)) ('T NIL)))))))
 
 ;kPageContextMenuSaturn page ==
@@ -23722,26 +23619,26 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (SPADLET |conname| (|opOf| |conform|))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Ancestors")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "\\&Ancestors"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|kcaPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Attri\\&butes")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "Attri\\&butes"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|koPage|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "attribute")
+                                      (CONS "attribute"
                                        NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Children")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Children"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|kccPage|
                                          (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
@@ -23750,61 +23647,61 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Dependents")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Dependents"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|kcdePage|
                                          (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL))))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Desce\\&ndents")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "Desce\\&ndents"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|kcdPage|
                                          (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL))))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| "category")
            (COND
              ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                              (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Do\\&mains")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                              (CONS (CONS "Do\\&mains"
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|kcdoPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                     NIL))
                         NIL)))
-             ('T (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "Do\\&mains"))))))
+             ('T (|htSayCold| "Do\\&mains")))))
         (COND
-          ((AND (NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+          ((AND (NEQUAL |kind| "category")
                 (SPADLET |name| (|saturnHasExamplePage| |conname|)))
            (|saturnExampleLink| |name|))
-          ('T (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "E\\&xamples"))))
+          ('T (|htSayCold| "E\\&xamples")))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Exports")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "\\&Exports"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|kePage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Operations")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "\\&Operations"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|koPage|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "operation")
+                                      (CONS "operation"
                                        NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Parents")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "\\&Parents"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|kcpPage|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "operation")
+                                      (CONS "operation"
                                        NIL))))
                               NIL))
                   NIL))
@@ -23812,33 +23709,33 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           ((NULL (|asharpConstructorName?| |conname|))
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Search O\\&rder")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "Search O\\&rder"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|ksPage| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL)))
-          ('T (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "Search Order"))))
+          ('T (|htSayCold| "Search Order")))
         (COND
-          ((OR (NEQUAL |kind| (MAKESTRING "category"))
+          ((OR (NEQUAL |kind| "category")
                (|dbpHasDefaultCategory?| |xpart|))
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Users")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Users"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|kcuPage|
                                          (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL))
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "U\\&ses")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "U\\&ses"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|kcnPage|
                                          (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL)))
-          ('T (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Users"))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "U\\&ses"))))
+          ('T (|htSayCold| "\\&Users")
+           (|htSayCold| "U\\&ses")))
         (SPADLET |$saturnContextMenuLines| |$htLineList|)))))
 
 ;saturnExampleLink lname ==
@@ -23847,9 +23744,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |saturnExampleLink| (|lname|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\docLink{\\csname "))
+    (|htSay| "\\docLink{\\csname ")
     (|htSay| (STRCONC (CAR (CDR |lname|))
-                      (MAKESTRING "\\endcsname}{E&xamples}")))))
+                      "\\endcsname}{E&xamples}"))))
 
 ;$exampleConstructors := nil
 
@@ -23881,7 +23778,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |file|
-                 (STRCONC (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
+                 (STRCONC (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
                           '|/doc/axug/examples.lsp|))
         (COND
           ((NULL (PROBE-FILE |file|)) NIL)
@@ -23961,21 +23858,21 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
               (SPADLET |exposedUnexposedFlag| |$includeUnexposed?|)
               (SPADLET |star?| 'T)
               (COND (|$standard| (|htBeginTable|)))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+              (|htSay| "{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |one?| (|member| '|abbrs| |exclusions|))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Abbreviations}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Abbreviations}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                  (CONS (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "Abbreviations")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        "Abbreviations"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|abbrs| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |one?| (|member| '|conditions| |exclusions|)
                      (PROG (G178946)
@@ -23992,39 +23889,39 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                            (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G178946
                                        (AND G178946
                                         (BOOT-EQUAL (CDR |x|) 'T)))))))))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Conditions}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Conditions}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                                 (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Conditions")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                 (CONS (CONS "Conditions"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|conditions| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |empty?| (|member| '|documentation| |exclusions|))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Descriptions}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Descriptions}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                  (CONS (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "Descriptions")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        "Descriptions"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|documentation| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |one?| (NULL (CDR |cAlist|)))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Filter}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Filter}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                                 (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Filter")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                 (CONS (CONS "Filter"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|htFilterPage|
                                           (CONS
                                            (CONS '|dbShowCons|
@@ -24032,34 +23929,34 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                            NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |one?| (|member| '|kinds| |exclusions|)
                      (NEQUAL |kind| '|constructor|))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Kinds}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Kinds}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                                 (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Kinds")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                 (CONS (CONS "Kinds"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|kinds| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |one?| (|member| '|names| |exclusions|))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Names}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Names}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                                 (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Names")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                 (CONS (CONS "Names"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|names| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 ((OR |one?| (|member| '|parameters| |exclusions|)
                      (NULL (PROG (G178960)
@@ -24077,45 +23974,44 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                  (SEQ (EXIT
                                        (SETQ G178960
                                         (OR G178960 (CDAR |x|))))))))))
-                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Parameters}")))
+                 (|htSay| "{\\em Parameters}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                                 (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Parameters")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                 (CONS (CONS "Parameters"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|parameters| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+              (|htSay| "}{")
               (COND
                 (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
                     (COND
-                      (|one?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                        "{\\em Unexposed Also}")))
+                      (|one?| (|htSay|                                         "{\\em Unexposed Also}"))
                       ('T
                        (|htMakePage|
                            (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING "Unexposed Also")
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         "Unexposed Also"
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                            (CONS '|exposureOff| NIL))))
                                         NIL))
                                  NIL)))))
-                (|one?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Exposed Only}")))
+                (|one?| (|htSay| "{\\em Exposed Only}"))
                 ('T
                  (|htMakePage|
                      (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                  (CONS (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "Exposed Only")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        "Exposed Only"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|exposureOn| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                            NIL))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+              (|htSay| "}")
               (COND (|$standard| (|htEndTable|)) ('T NIL))))))))
 
 ;dbPresentConsSaturn(htPage,kind,exclusions) ==
@@ -24182,13 +24078,13 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (COND (|$standard| (|htBeginTable|)))
              (COND
                ((OR |one?| (|member| '|abbrs| |exclusions|))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Abbreviations")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Abbreviations"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\&Abbreviations")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       "\\&Abbreviations"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|abbrs| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
@@ -24209,57 +24105,57 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G178987
                                       (AND G178987
                                        (BOOT-EQUAL (CDR |x|) 'T)))))))))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Conditions")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Conditions"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\&Conditions")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       "\\&Conditions"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|conditions| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                           NIL))))
              (COND
                ((OR |empty?| (|member| '|documentation| |exclusions|))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Descriptions")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Descriptions"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\&Descriptions")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       "\\&Descriptions"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|documentation| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                           NIL))))
              (COND
                ((OR |one?| (NULL (CDR |cAlist|)))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Filter")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Filter"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakeSaturnFilterPage|
                     (CONS '|dbShowCons| (CONS '|filter| NIL)))))
              (COND
                ((OR |one?| (|member| '|kinds| |exclusions|)
                     (NEQUAL |kind| '|constructor|))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Kinds")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Kinds"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                                (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Kinds")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                (CONS (CONS "\\&Kinds"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|kinds| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                           NIL))))
              (COND
                ((OR |one?| (|member| '|names| |exclusions|))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Names")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Names"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                                (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Names")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                (CONS (CONS "\\&Names"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|names| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
@@ -24280,42 +24176,41 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                 (SEQ (EXIT
                                       (SETQ G179001
                                        (OR G179001 (CDAR |x|))))))))))
-                (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Parameters")))
+                (|htSayCold| "\\&Parameters"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\&Parameters")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       "\\&Parameters"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|parameters| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                           NIL))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\hrule"))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\hrule")
              (COND
                (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
                    (COND
                      (|one?| (|htSayCold|
-                                 (MAKESTRING "\\&Unexposed Also")))
+                                 "\\&Unexposed Also"))
                      ('T
                       (|htMakePage|
                           (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "\\&Unexposed Also")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                                                                 "\\&Unexposed Also"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                           (CONS '|exposureOff| NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                                 NIL)))))
-               (|one?| (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\Exposed Only\\&y")))
+               (|one?| (|htSayCold| "\\Exposed Only\\&y"))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "Exposed Onl\\&y")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       "Exposed Onl\\&y"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowCons|
                                          (CONS '|exposureOn| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
@@ -24337,22 +24232,22 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
  (PROGN
    (|htInitPage| '|Filter String| (|htCopyProplist| |htPage|))
    (|htSay| '|\\centerline{Enter filter string (use {\\em *} for wild card):}|)
-   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{"))
+   (|htSay| "\\centerline{")
    (|htMakePage|
         (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                     (CONS (CONS 50
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|filter| (CONS 'EM NIL))))
                           NIL))
               NIL))
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}\\vspace{1}\\centerline{"))
+    (|htSay| "}\\vspace{1}\\centerline{")
     (|htMakePage|
         (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                    (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\fbox{Filter}")
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "") |args|))
+                    (CONS (CONS "\\fbox{Filter}"
+                                (CONS "" |args|))
                           NIL))
               NIL))
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+    (|htSay| "}")
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;htMakeSaturnFilterPage [fn2Call,:args] ==
@@ -24375,24 +24270,21 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |fn2Call| (CAR G179039))
              (SPADLET |args| (CDR G179039))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                          "\\inputboxLink[\\lispLink[d]{\\verb+(|"))
+             (|htSay|                           "\\inputboxLink[\\lispLink[d]{\\verb+(|")
              (|htSay| |fn2Call|)
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "| "))
+             (|htSay| "| ")
              (|htSay| (|htpName| |$saturnPage|))
              (DO ((G179054 |args| (CDR G179054)) (|x| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G179054)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G179054)) NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " '|"))
+                            (|htSay| " '|")
                             (|htSay| |x|)
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "|"))))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                       " \"+\\FILTERSTRING\\verb+\")+}{}]{\\FILTERSTRING}{*}"))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-          "{\\centerline{Enter filter string (use {\\em *} for wild card):}}"))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{Filter Page}{\\&Filter}")))))))
+                            (|htSay| "|")))))
+             (|htSay|                        " \"+\\FILTERSTRING\\verb+\")+}{}]{\\FILTERSTRING}{*}")
+             (|htSay|           "{\\centerline{Enter filter string (use {\\em *} for wild card):}}")
+             (|htSay| "{Filter Page}{\\&Filter}"))))))
 
 ;dbShowConsKinds cAlist ==
 ;  cats := doms := paks := defs := nil
@@ -24456,7 +24348,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                   (CONS (NREVERSE |paks|)
                                         (CONS (NREVERSE |defs|) NIL)))))
              (|htBeginMenu| '|description|)
-             (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\indent{1}"))
+             (|htSayStandard| "\\indent{1}")
              (SPADLET |kinds|
                       (PROG (G179081)
                         (SPADLET G179081 0)
@@ -24491,9 +24383,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                  (|firstTime|
                                      (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
                                  ('T
-                                  (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
-                               (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\item["))
-                               (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\item"))
+                                  (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
+                               (|htSaySaturn| "\\item[")
+                               (|htSayStandard| "\\item")
                                (COND
                                  ((EQL |kinds| 1)
                                   (|htSay| (|menuButton|)))
@@ -24503,7 +24395,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                        (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS (|menuButton|)
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                          (CONS ""
                                            (CONS
                                             '|dbShowConsKindsFilter|
                                             (CONS
@@ -24512,18 +24404,18 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                              NIL))))
                                          NIL))
                                        NIL))))
-                               (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "]"))
+                               (|htSaySaturn| "]")
                                (|htSayStandard|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "\\tab{1}"))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                                   "\\tab{1}")
+                               (|htSay| "{\\em "
                                         (SPADLET |c| (|#| |x|))
-                                        (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                        " ")
                                (|htSay| (COND
                                           ((> |c| 1)
                                            (|pluralize| |kind|))
                                           ('T |kind|)))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ":}"))
-                               (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
+                               (|htSay| ":}")
+                               (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
                                (|bcConTable|
                                    (REMDUP
                                     (PROG (G179123)
@@ -24544,7 +24436,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                              (CONS (CAAR |y|)
                                               G179123)))))))))))))))
              (|htEndMenu| '|description|)
-             (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\indent{0}")))))))
+             (|htSayStandard| "\\indent{0}"))))))
 
 ;addParameterTemplates(page, conform) ==
 ;---------------> from kPage <-----------------------
@@ -24623,16 +24515,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                          10))
              (SPADLET |w| (COND (|manuelsCode?| 55) ('T 23)))
              (|htSaySaturn|
-                 (MAKESTRING "\\colorbuttonbox{lightgray}{"))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Optional argument value"))
+                 "\\colorbuttonbox{lightgray}{")
+             (|htSay| "Optional argument value")
              (|htSay| (COND
-                        ((CDR |parlist|) (MAKESTRING "s:"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING ":"))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                        ((CDR |parlist|) "s:")
+                        ('T ":")))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "}")
              (COND
                ((CDR |conform|)
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}"))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{tabular}{p{.25in}l}"))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "\\newline{}")))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{tabular}{p{.25in}l}")
              (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
              (SPADLET |odd| NIL)
              (SPADLET |argSublis| (|htpProperty| |page| '|argSublis|))
@@ -24653,7 +24545,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                   ('T '|\\tab{29}|)))
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
                             (SPADLET |odd| (NULL |odd|))
                             (SPADLET |argstring|
                                      (COND
@@ -24666,12 +24558,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                            'T))
                                         (SPADLET |$conArgstrings| |r|)
                                         |a|)
-                                       ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                                       ('T "")))
                             (|htMakePageStandard|
                                 (CONS (CONS '|text|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                                       (CONS "{\\em "
                                         (CONS |par|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "} = ") NIL))))
+                                         (CONS "} = " NIL))))
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                         (CONS
@@ -24687,19 +24579,18 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                               (|$saturn|
                                   (|setUpDefault| |parname|
                                       (CONS '|string|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS 'EM (CONS NIL NIL)))))))
-                            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em "))
+                            (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em ")
                             (|htSaySaturn| |par|)
-                            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING " = }"))
+                            (|htSaySaturn| " = }")
                             (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                             (|htSaySaturn|
-                                (MAKESTRING
-                           "\\colorbuttonbox{lightgray}{\\inputbox[2.5in]{\\"))
+                                                           "\\colorbuttonbox{lightgray}{\\inputbox[2.5in]{\\")
                             (|htSaySaturn| (SUBLIS |argSublis| |par|))
-                            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+                            (|htSaySaturn| "}{")
                             (|htSaySaturn| |argstring|)
-                            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}}"))))))
+                            (|htSaySaturn| "}}")))))
              (|htEndTabular|))))))
 
 ;kPageArgs([op,:args],[.,.,:source]) ==
@@ -24734,7 +24625,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (SPADLET |op| (CAR G179254))
              (SPADLET |args| (CDR G179254))
              (|htSaySaturn|
-                 (MAKESTRING "\\begin{tabular}{p{.25in}lp{0in}}"))
+                 "\\begin{tabular}{p{.25in}lp{0in}}")
              (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
              (SPADLET |coSig| (CDR (GETDATABASE |op| 'COSIG)))
              (DO ((G179306 |args| (CDR G179306)) (|x| NIL)
@@ -24750,9 +24641,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
                               (|firstTime| (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL))
-                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
-                               (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING ", and"))))
-                            (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                              ('T (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
+                               (|htSayStandard| ", and")))
+                            (|htSayStandard| "\\newline ")
                             (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                             (SPADLET |typeForm|
                                      (COND
@@ -24781,25 +24672,23 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                     (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS |x|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|kArgPage|
                                          (CONS |x| NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                                     NIL)))
                               ('T
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |x|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "}"))))
-                            (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{")
+                               (|htSay| "{\\em " |x|
+                                        "}")))
+                            (|htSayStandard| "\\tab{"
                                 (STRINGIMAGE (|#| (PNAME |x|)))
-                                (MAKESTRING "}, "))
+                                "}, ")
                             (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                             (|htSay| (COND
                                        (|pred|
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "a domain of category "))
+                                                                                 "a domain of category ")
                                        ('T
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "an element of the domain "))))
+                                                                                 "an element of the domain ")))
                             (|bcConform| |typeForm| 'T)))))
              (|htEndTabular|))))))
 
@@ -24819,15 +24708,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
     (|$saturn|
         (CONS '|\\lispLink[d]{\\verb!(\|conPage\| '|
               (APPEND (|form2Fence| (|dbOuttran| |form|))
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING ")!}{")
+                      (CONS ")!}{"
                             (APPEND (|form2StringList| (|opOf| |form|))
                                     (CONS '} NIL))))))
     ('T
      (CONS '|\\conf{|
            (APPEND (|form2StringList| (|opOf| |form|))
-                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                   (CONS "}{"
                          (APPEND (|form2Fence| (|dbOuttran| |form|))
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))))
+                                 (CONS "}" NIL))))))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (see br-op1.boot.pamphlet)
 ;htTab s == if $standard then htSayStandard ('"\tab{",s,'"}")
@@ -24836,7 +24725,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$standard|))
   (COND
     (|$standard|
-        (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{") |s| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+        (|htSayStandard| "\\tab{" |s| "}"))
     ('T NIL)))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (see br-op1.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -24898,8 +24787,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                         NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\item["))
-                            (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\item"))
+                            (|htSaySaturn| "\\item[")
+                            (|htSayStandard| "\\item")
                             (COND
                               (|single?| (|htSay| (|menuButton|)))
                               ('T
@@ -24908,7 +24797,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                     (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS (|menuButton|)
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS |bincount| NIL)))))
@@ -24922,46 +24811,44 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                     (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS |button|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS |bincount| NIL)))))
                                       NIL))
                                     NIL))))
-                            (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "]"))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em "))
+                            (|htSaySaturn| "]")
+                            (|htSay| "{\\em ")
                             (|htSay| (COND
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing| '|nowhere|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "implemented nowhere"))
+                                                                                 "implemented nowhere")
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing|
                                          '|constant|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "constant"))
+                                        "constant")
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |thing| '$)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "by the domain"))
+                                        "by the domain")
                                        ((INTEGERP |thing|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "unexported"))
+                                        "unexported")
                                        (|constructorIfTrue|
                                         (|htSay| |word|)
                                         (COND
                                           ((ATOM |thing|)
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            " an unknown constructor"))
-                                          ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                                                                                       " an unknown constructor")
+                                          ('T "")))
                                        ((ATOM |thing|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "unconditional"))
-                                       ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                                        "unconditional")
+                                       ('T "")))
+                            (|htSay| "}")
                             (COND
                               ((NULL (ATOM |thing|))
                                (COND
                                  (|constructorIfTrue|
-                                     (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
+                                     (|htSay| " {\\em "
                                       (|dbShowKind| |thing|)
-                                      (MAKESTRING "}"))))
-                               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                      "}")))
+                               (|htSay| " ")
                                (FUNCALL |fn| |thing|)))
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ":\\newline "))
+                            (|htSay| ":\\newline ")
                             (|dbShowOpSigList| |which| |items|
                                 (TIMES (PLUS 1 |bincount|) 8192))
                             (SPADLET |bincount| (PLUS |bincount| 1))))))
@@ -25064,7 +24951,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
          (SPADLET |star?|
                   (OR (NULL |fromConPage?|)
                       (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                          (MAKESTRING "package operation"))))
+                          "package operation")))
          (SPADLET |implementation?|
                   (AND (NULL |asharp?|)
                        (BOOT-EQUAL |$UserLevel| '|development|)
@@ -25079,7 +24966,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
          (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|exclusion| (CAR |exclusions|))
          (SPADLET |opAlist|
                   (COND
-                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                      (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|))
                     ('T (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|))))
          (SPADLET |empty?| (NULL |opAlist|))
@@ -25088,45 +24975,45 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                        (PROGN (SPADLET |entry| (QCAR |opAlist|)) 'T)
                        (EQL 2 (|#| |entry|))))
          (SPADLET |one?| (OR |empty?| |one?|)) (|htBeginTable|)
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+         (|htSay| "{")
          (COND
            ((OR |one?| (|member| '|conditions| |exclusions|)
                 (BOOT-EQUAL (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|condition?|)
                     '|no|))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Conditions}")))
+            (|htSay| "{\\em Conditions}"))
            ('T
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                            (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Conditions")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (CONS (CONS "Conditions"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                           (CONS |which|
                                            (CONS '|conditions| NIL)))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
            ((OR |empty?| (|member| '|documentation| |exclusions|))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Descriptions}")))
+            (|htSay| "{\\em Descriptions}"))
            ('T
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                            (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Descriptions")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (CONS (CONS "Descriptions"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                           (CONS |which|
                                            (CONS '|documentation| NIL)))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
            ((NULL (IFCDR |opAlist|))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Filter}")))
+            (|htSay| "{\\em Filter}"))
            ('T
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                            (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Filter ")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (CONS (CONS "Filter "
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|htFilterPage|
                                           (CONS
                                            (CONS '|dbShowOps|
@@ -25135,126 +25022,124 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                            NIL))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
            ((OR |one?| (|member| '|names| |exclusions|)
                 (NULL (KDR |opAlist|)))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Names}")))
+            (|htSay| "{\\em Names}"))
            ('T
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                            (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Names")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (CONS (CONS "Names"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                           (CONS |which|
                                            (CONS '|names| NIL)))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
          (COND
-           ((NULL |star?|) (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+           ((NULL |star?|) (|htSay| "}{")
             (COND
               ((OR (NULL |implementation?|)
                    (|member| '|implementation| |exclusions|)
-                   (BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                   (BOOT-EQUAL |which| "attribute")
                    (AND (SPADLET |conname|
                                  (|opOf| (|htpProperty| |htPage|
                                           '|conform|)))
                         (BOOT-EQUAL
                             (GETDATABASE |conname| 'CONSTRUCTORKIND)
                             '|category|)))
-               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Implementations}")))
+               (|htSay| "{\\em Implementations}"))
               ('T
                (|htMakePage|
                    (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                (CONS (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING "Implementations")
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                      "Implementations"
+                                      (CONS ""
                                        (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                         (CONS |which|
                                          (CONS '|implementation| NIL)))))
                                      NIL))
                          NIL))))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
            ((OR |one?| (|member| '|origins| |exclusions|))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Origins}")))
+            (|htSay| "{\\em Origins}"))
            ('T
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                            (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Origins")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (CONS (CONS "Origins"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                           (CONS |which|
                                            (CONS '|origins| NIL)))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
            ((OR |one?| (|member| '|parameters| |exclusions|)
                 (NULL (|dbDoesOneOpHaveParameters?| |opAlist|)))
-            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Parameters}")))
+            (|htSay| "{\\em Parameters}"))
            ('T
             (|htMakePage|
                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                            (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Parameters")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                            (CONS (CONS "Parameters"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                           (CONS |which|
                                            (CONS '|parameters| NIL)))))
                                   NIL))
                       NIL))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+         (|htSay| "}{")
          (COND
-           ((NEQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+           ((NEQUAL |which| "attribute")
             (COND
               ((OR |one?| (|member| '|signatures| |exclusions|))
-               (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Signatures}")))
+               (|htSay| "{\\em Signatures}"))
               ('T
                (|htMakePage|
                    (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                               (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Signatures")
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                               (CONS (CONS "Signatures"
+                                      (CONS ""
                                        (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                         (CONS |which|
                                          (CONS '|signatures| NIL)))))
                                      NIL))
                          NIL))))))
-         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+         (|htSay| "}")
          (COND
-           (|star?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{"))
+           (|star?| (|htSay| "{")
                     (COND
                       (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
                           (COND
                             (|one?| (|htSay|
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "{\\em Unexposed Also}")))
+                                                                           "{\\em Unexposed Also}"))
                             ('T
                              (|htMakePage|
                                  (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING "Unexposed Also")
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                          "Unexposed Also"
+                                          (CONS ""
                                            (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                             (CONS |which|
                                              (CONS '|exposureOff| NIL)))))
                                          NIL))
                                        NIL)))))
-                      (|one?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                        "{\\em Exposed Only}")))
+                      (|one?| (|htSay|                                         "{\\em Exposed Only}"))
                       ('T
                        (|htMakePage|
                            (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING "Exposed Only")
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                         "Exposed Only"
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                            (CONS |which|
                                             (CONS '|exposureOn| NIL)))))
                                         NIL))
                                  NIL))))
-                    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+                    (|htSay| "}")))
          (|htEndTable|))))))
 
 ;dbPresentOpsSaturn(htPage,which,exclusions) ==
@@ -25341,7 +25226,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (SPADLET |star?|
                  (OR (NULL |fromConPage?|)
                      (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                         (MAKESTRING "package operation"))))
+                         "package operation")))
         (SPADLET |implementation?|
                  (AND (NULL |asharp?|)
                       (BOOT-EQUAL |$UserLevel| '|development|)
@@ -25356,7 +25241,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (|htpSetProperty| |htPage| '|exclusion| (CAR |exclusions|))
         (SPADLET |opAlist|
                  (COND
-                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                     (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|opAlist|))
                    ('T (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|attrAlist|))))
         (SPADLET |empty?| (NULL |opAlist|))
@@ -25369,12 +25254,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           ((OR |one?| (|member| '|conditions| |exclusions|)
                (BOOT-EQUAL (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|condition?|)
                    '|no|))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Conditions")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Conditions"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Conditions")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Conditions"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|conditions| NIL)))))
@@ -25382,12 +25267,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                      NIL))))
         (COND
           ((OR |empty?| (|member| '|documentation| |exclusions|))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Descriptions")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Descriptions"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Descriptions")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Descriptions"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|documentation| NIL)))))
@@ -25395,27 +25280,26 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                      NIL))))
         (COND
           ((NULL (IFCDR |opAlist|))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Filter")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Filter"))
           ('T
            (|htMakeSaturnFilterPage|
                (CONS '|dbShowOps| (CONS |which| (CONS '|filter| NIL))))))
         (COND
           ((OR (NULL |implementation?|)
                (|member| '|implementation| |exclusions|)
-               (BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+               (BOOT-EQUAL |which| "attribute")
                (AND (SPADLET |conname|
                              (|opOf| (|htpProperty| |htPage|
                                       '|conform|)))
                     (BOOT-EQUAL
                         (GETDATABASE |conname| 'CONSTRUCTORKIND)
                         '|category|)))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Implementations")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Implementations"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                        "\\&Implementations")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS                                         "\\&Implementations"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|implementation| NIL)))))
@@ -25424,12 +25308,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (COND
           ((OR |one?| (|member| '|names| |exclusions|)
                (NULL (KDR |opAlist|)))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Names")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Names"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Names")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Names"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|names| NIL)))))
@@ -25437,12 +25321,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                      NIL))))
         (COND
           ((OR |one?| (|member| '|origins| |exclusions|))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Origins")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Origins"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Origins")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Origins"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|origins| NIL)))))
@@ -25451,61 +25335,60 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (COND
           ((OR |one?| (|member| '|parameters| |exclusions|)
                (NULL (|dbDoesOneOpHaveParameters?| |opAlist|)))
-           (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Parameters")))
+           (|htSayCold| "\\&Parameters"))
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Parameters")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\&Parameters"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS '|parameters| NIL)))))
                                  NIL))
                      NIL))))
         (COND
-          ((NEQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+          ((NEQUAL |which| "attribute")
            (COND
              ((OR |one?| (|member| '|signatures| |exclusions|))
-              (|htSayCold| (MAKESTRING "\\&Signatures")))
+              (|htSayCold| "\\&Signatures"))
              ('T
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
-                              (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\&Signatures")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                              (CONS (CONS "\\&Signatures"
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                        (CONS |which|
                                         (CONS '|signatures| NIL)))))
                                     NIL))
                         NIL))))))
         (COND
-          (|star?| (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\hrule"))
+          (|star?| (|htSay| "\\hrule")
                    (COND
                      (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
                          (COND
                            (|one?| (|htSayCold|
-                                    (MAKESTRING "\\&Unexposed Also")))
+                                    "\\&Unexposed Also"))
                            ('T
                             (|htMakePage|
                                 (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "\\&Unexposed Also")
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                                                                   "\\&Unexposed Also"
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                            (CONS |which|
                                             (CONS '|exposureOff| NIL)))))
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL)))))
                      (|one?| (|htSayCold|
-                                 (MAKESTRING "Exposed Onl\\&y")))
+                                 "Exposed Onl\\&y"))
                      ('T
                       (|htMakePage|
                           (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "Exposed Onl\\&y")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        "Exposed Onl\\&y"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS '|dbShowOps|
                                           (CONS |which|
                                            (CONS '|exposureOn| NIL)))))
@@ -25530,13 +25413,13 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$saturn| |$exposedOnlyIfTrue|))
   (COND
     (|$saturn| (|htShowPageStarSaturn|))
-    ('T (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll "))
+    ('T (|htSayStandard| "\\endscroll ")
      (COND
        (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unexposed Also")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "Unexposed Also"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|repeatSearch|
                                          (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                  NIL))
@@ -25544,8 +25427,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
        ('T
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                        (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Exposed Only")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                        (CONS (CONS "Exposed Only"
+                                    (CONS ""
                                      (CONS '|repeatSearch|
                                       (CONS 'T NIL))))
                               NIL))
@@ -25574,8 +25457,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           (|$exposedOnlyIfTrue|
               (|htMakePage|
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                              (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unexposed Also")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                              (CONS (CONS "Unexposed Also"
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|repeatSearch|
                                        (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                     NIL))
@@ -25583,8 +25466,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           ('T
            (|htMakePage|
                (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Exposed Only")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                           (CONS (CONS "Exposed Only"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS '|repeatSearch|
                                          (CONS 'T NIL))))
                                  NIL))
@@ -25846,47 +25729,47 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                    (SPADLET |$DomainList| (CDR |$DomainList|))))
              (SPADLET |opform|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "attribute")
                          (COND
                            ((NULL |sig|) (CONS |op| NIL))
                            ('T (CONS |op| (CONS |sig| NIL)))))
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                             (MAKESTRING "constructor"))
+                             "constructor")
                          |origin|)
                         ('T (|dbGetDisplayFormForOp| |op| |sig| |doc|))))
-             (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline"))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\item["))
+             (|htSayStandard| "\\newline")
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\item[")
              (COND
                (|exactlyOneOpSig| (|htSay| (|menuButton|)))
                ('T
                 (|htMakePage|
                     (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                 (CONS (CONS (|menuButton|)
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS |chooseFn|
                                          (CONS |which|
                                           (CONS |index| NIL)))))
                                       NIL))
                           NIL))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "]"))
-             (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}"))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "]")
+             (|htSayStandard| "\\tab{2}")
              (SPADLET |op| (IFCAR |opform|))
              (SPADLET |args| (IFCDR |opform|))
              (SPADLET |ops| (|escapeSpecialChars| (STRINGIMAGE |op|)))
              (SPADLET |n| (|#| |sig|))
              (|do| (COND
                      ((AND (EQL |n| 2) (LASSOC '|Nud| (PROPLIST |op|)))
-                      (|htSay| |ops| (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
+                      (|htSay| |ops| " {\\em "
                                (|quickForm2HtString| (KAR |args|))
-                               (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                               "}"))
                      ((AND (EQL |n| 3) (LASSOC '|Led| (PROPLIST |op|)))
-                      (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                      (|htSay| "{\\em "
                                (|quickForm2HtString| (KAR |args|))
-                               (MAKESTRING "} ") |ops|
-                               (MAKESTRING " {\\em ")
+                               "} " |ops|
+                               " {\\em "
                                (|quickForm2HtString|
                                    (KAR (KDR |args|)))
-                               (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                               "}"))
                      ('T
                       (COND
                         ((AND |unexposed?| |$includeUnexposed?|)
@@ -25898,16 +25781,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                              (|member| |op| '(0 1)))
                          '|skip|)
                         ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                  (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                                  "attribute")
                               (NULL |args|))
                          '|skip|)
-                        ('T (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "("))
+                        ('T (|htSay| "(")
                          (COND
                            ((IFCAR |args|)
-                            (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                            (|htSay| "{\\em "
                                      (|quickForm2HtString|
                                       (IFCAR |args|))
-                                     (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+                                     "}")))
                          (DO ((G179480 (IFCDR |args|)
                                          (CDR G179480))
                               (|x| NIL))
@@ -25916,10 +25799,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                     (SETQ |x| (CAR G179480))
                                     NIL))
                               NIL)
-                           (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ",{\\em ")
+                           (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| ",{\\em "
                                        (|quickForm2HtString| |x|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING "}")))))
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+                                       "}"))))
+                         (|htSay| ")"))))))
              (SPADLET |constring| (|form2HtString| |conform|))
              (SPADLET |conname| (CAR |conform|))
              (SPADLET |$conkind|
@@ -25930,7 +25813,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (SPADLET |$conform| |conform|)
              (SPADLET |$conargs| (CDR |conform|))
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "operation"))
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "operation")
                 (SPADLET |$signature|
                          (COND
                            ((MEMQ |conname| |$Primitives|) NIL)
@@ -25945,11 +25828,11 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              (SPADLET |$sig|
                       (COND
                         ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                 (MAKESTRING "attribute"))
+                                 "attribute")
                              (BOOT-EQUAL |which|
-                                 (MAKESTRING "constructor")))
+                                 "constructor"))
                          |sig|)
-                        ((NEQUAL |$conkind| (MAKESTRING "package"))
+                        ((NEQUAL |$conkind| "package")
                          |sig|)
                         ('T
                          (SPADLET |symbolsUsed|
@@ -25975,16 +25858,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                   (SETDIFFERENCE |$DomainList|
                                       |symbolsUsed|))
                          (|getSubstSigIfPossible| |sig|))))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{tabular}{lp{0in}}"))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{tabular}{lp{0in}}")
              (COND
                ((|member| |which| '("operation" "constructor"))
                 (SPADLET |$displayReturnValue| NIL)
                 (COND
                   (|args| (|htSayStandard|
-                              (MAKESTRING
-                                  "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Arguments:}"))
+                                                                "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Arguments:}")
                           (|htSaySaturn|
-                              (MAKESTRING "{\\em Arguments:}"))
+                              "{\\em Arguments:}")
                           (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                           (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
                           (SPADLET |coSig|
@@ -26006,7 +25888,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                          (COND
                                            ((NULL |firstTime|)
                                             (|htSaySaturn|
-                                             (MAKESTRING "\\\\ "))
+                                             "\\\\ ")
                                             (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)))
                                          (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL)
                                          (|htSayIndentRel| 15 'T)
@@ -26022,16 +25904,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                               (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                                (CONS
                                                 (CONS |a|
-                                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                                 (CONS ""
                                                   (CONS '|kArgPage|
                                                    (CONS |a| NIL))))
                                                 NIL))
                                               NIL)))
                                            ('T
                                             (|htSay|
-                                             (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")
+                                             "{\\em "
                                              (|form2HtString| |a|)
-                                             (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+                                             "}")))
                                          (|htSay| '|, |)
                                          (SPADLET |coSig|
                                           (KDR |coSig|))
@@ -26039,25 +25921,25 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                          (|htSayIndentRel|
                                           (SPADDIFFERENCE 15) 'T)
                                          (|htSayStandard|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))))))
-                          (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
+                                          "\\newline ")))))
+                          (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
                 (COND
                   ((CAR |$sig|) (SPADLET |$displayReturnValue| 'T)
-                   (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\tab{2}"))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Returns:}"))
+                   (|htSayStandard| "\\newline\\tab{2}")
+                   (|htSay| "{\\em Returns:}")
                    (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|) (|htSayIndentRel| 15 'T)
                    (|htSayValue| (CAR |$sig|))
                    (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15) 'T)
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\")))
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\"))
                   ('T NIL))))
              (COND
                ((AND |origin|
                      (OR |$generalSearch?| (NEQUAL |origin| |conform|))
                      (NEQUAL |op| (|opOf| |origin|)))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Origin:}"))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Origin:}")
                 (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                 (|htSayStandard|
-                    (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Origin:}"))
+                    "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Origin:}")
                 (|htSayIndentRel| 15)
                 (COND
                   ((AND (NULL (|isExposedConstructor|
@@ -26066,15 +25948,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                    (|htSayUnexposed|)))
                 (|bcConform| |origin| 'T)
                 (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
              (COND
                ((NULL (MEMQ |predicate| '(T ASCONST)))
                 (SPADLET |pred|
                          (|sublisFormal| (KDR |conform|) |predicate|))
                 (SPADLET |count| (|#| |pred|))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Conditions:}"))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Conditions:}")
                 (|htSayStandard|
-                    (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Conditions:}"))
+                    "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Conditions:}")
                 (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
                 (DO ((G179538
                          (|displayBreakIntoAnds|
@@ -26087,7 +25969,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                   (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                (COND
                                  ((NULL |firstTime|)
-                                  (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
+                                  (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
                                (|htSayIndentRel| 15 (> |count| 1))
                                (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL)
                                (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
@@ -26095,24 +25977,24 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15)
                                    (> |count| 1))
                                (|htSayStandard|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))))))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
+                                   "\\newline ")))))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
              (COND
                (|$whereList| (SPADLET |count| (|#| |$whereList|))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Where:}"))
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Where:}")
                    (|htSayStandard|
-                       (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Where:}"))
+                       "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Where:}")
                    (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
                    (COND
                      ((|assoc| '$ |$whereList|)
                       (|htSayIndentRel| 15 'T) (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
-                      (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\$} is "))
-                      (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\%} is "))
+                      (|htSayStandard| "{\\em \\$} is ")
+                      (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em \\%} is ")
                       (|htSay| (COND
                                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |$conkind|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "category"))
-                                  (MAKESTRING "of category "))
-                                 ('T (MAKESTRING "the domain "))))
+                                      "category")
+                                  "of category ")
+                                 ('T "the domain ")))
                       (|bcConform| |conform| 'T 'T)
                       (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL)
                       (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15) 'T)))
@@ -26138,7 +26020,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                      (COND
                                        ((NULL |firstTime|)
                                         (|htSaySaturn|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\\\ "))))
+                                         "\\\\ ")))
                                      (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                                      (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL)
                                      (|htSay| '|{\\em | |d| '|} is |)
@@ -26148,18 +26030,18 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                      (|htSayIndentRel|
                                       (SPADDIFFERENCE 15)
                                       (> |count| 1))))))))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))))
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")))
              (COND
-               ((AND |doc| (NEQUAL |doc| (MAKESTRING ""))
+               ((AND |doc| (NEQUAL |doc| "")
                      (OR (NULL (AND (PAIRP |doc|) (EQ (QCDR |doc|) NIL)
                                     (PROGN
                                       (SPADLET |d| (QCAR |doc|))
                                       'T)))
-                         (NEQUAL |d| (MAKESTRING ""))))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Description:}"))
+                         (NEQUAL |d| "")))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Description:}")
                 (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                 (|htSayStandard|
-                    (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Description:}"))
+                    "\\newline\\tab{2}{\\em Description:}")
                 (|htSayIndentRel| 15)
                 (COND
                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |doc| |$charFauxNewline|)
@@ -26192,35 +26074,35 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                    (|htSay| |ndoc|)))
                 (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15))))
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| (MAKESTRING "constructor"))
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |which| "constructor")
                 (COND
                   ((SPADLET |abbr|
                             (GETDATABASE |conname| 'ABBREVIATION))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Abbreviation:}"))
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Abbreviation:}")
                    (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                    (|htSayStandard|
-                       (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}{\\em Abbreviation:}"))
+                       "\\tab{2}{\\em Abbreviation:}")
                    (|htSayIndentRel| 15) (|htSay| |abbr|)
                    (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15))
-                   (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}"))))
+                   (|htSayStandard| "\\newline{}")))
                 (COND
                   ((AND |$saturn|
                         (SPADLET |link|
                                  (|saturnHasExamplePage| |conname|)))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
-                   (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Examples:}"))
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
+                   (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Examples:}")
                    (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|) (|htSayIndentRel| 15)
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\spadref{"))
+                   (|htSay| "\\spadref{")
                    (|htSay| (CAR (CDR |link|)))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                   (|htSay| "}")
                    (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15))
-                   (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\newline{}"))))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
-                (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "{\\em Source File:}"))
+                   (|htSayStandard| "\\newline{}")))
+                (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\")
+                (|htSaySaturn| "{\\em Source File:}")
                 (|htSaySaturnAmpersand|)
                 (|htSayStandard|
-                    (MAKESTRING "\\tab{2}{\\em Source File:}"))
+                    "\\tab{2}{\\em Source File:}")
                 (|htSayIndentRel| 15) (|htSaySourceFile| |conname|)
                 (|htSayIndentRel| (SPADDIFFERENCE 15))))
              (COND
@@ -26228,7 +26110,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                      (SPADLET |infoAlist|
                               (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|infoAlist|)))
                 (|displayInfoOp| |htPage| |infoAlist| |op| |sig|)))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{tabular}")))))))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{tabular}"))))))
 
 ;htSaySourceFile conname ==
 ;  sourceFileName := (GETDATABASE(conname,'SOURCEFILE) or '"none")
@@ -26242,20 +26124,19 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |sourceFileName|
                  (OR (GETDATABASE |conname| 'SOURCEFILE)
-                     (MAKESTRING "none")))
+                     "none"))
         (SPADLET |filename|
                  (|extractFileNameFromPath| |sourceFileName|))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS (CONS '|text|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\unixcommand{")
+                        (CONS "\\unixcommand{"
                               (CONS |filename|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "}{\\$AXIOM/lib/SPADEDIT ")
+                                                                           "}{\\$AXIOM/lib/SPADEDIT "
                                      (CONS |sourceFileName|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                      (CONS " "
                                        (CONS |conname|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))))))
                   NIL))))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (see br-op2.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -26284,16 +26165,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                   (COND
                     ((> |n| 0)
                      (COND
-                       (|flag| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\indent{")
+                       (|flag| (CONS "\\indent{"
                                      (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\\tab{-2}")
+                                      (CONS "}\\tab{-2}"
                                        NIL))))
                        ('T
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\indent{")
+                        (CONS "\\indent{"
                               (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\\tab{0}") NIL))))))
+                                    (CONS "}\\tab{0}" NIL))))))
                     ((MINUSP |n|)
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\indent{0}\\newline ") NIL)))))
+                     (CONS "\\indent{0}\\newline " NIL)))))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;htSayUnexposed() ==
@@ -26303,7 +26184,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 (DEFUN |htSayUnexposed| ()
   (declare (special |$atLeastOneUnexposed|))
   (PROGN
-    (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em *}"))
+    (|htSay| "{\\em *}")
     (SPADLET |$atLeastOneUnexposed| 'T)))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
@@ -26313,7 +26194,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 ;  htSaySaturn '"\end{tabular}"
 
 (DEFUN |htEndTabular| ()
-  (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{tabular}")))
+  (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{tabular}"))
 
 ;htPopSaturn s ==
 ;  pageDescription := ELT($saturnPage, 7)
@@ -26339,8 +26220,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |htBeginTable| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{dirlist}[lv]"))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\table{"))))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{dirlist}[lv]")
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\table{")))
 
 ;htEndTable() ==
 ;  htSaySaturn '"\end{dirlist}"
@@ -26348,8 +26229,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |htEndTable| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{dirlist}"))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{dirlist}")
+    (|htSayStandard| "}")))
 
 ;htBeginMenu(kind,:options) ==
 ;  skip := IFCAR options
@@ -26374,15 +26255,15 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
           (|$saturn|
               (COND
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|description|)
-                 (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{description}")))
-                ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{tabular}"))
+                 (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{description}"))
+                ('T (|htSaySaturn| "\\begin{tabular}")
                  (|htSaySaturn|
                      (COND
-                       ((EQL |kind| 3) (MAKESTRING "{llp{0in}}"))
-                       ((EQL |kind| 2) (MAKESTRING "{lp{0in}}"))
+                       ((EQL |kind| 3) "{llp{0in}}")
+                       ((EQL |kind| 2) "{lp{0in}}")
                        ('T (|error| NIL))))))))
         (COND
-          ((NULL |skip|) (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginmenu ")))
+          ((NULL |skip|) (|htSayStandard| "\\beginmenu "))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;htEndMenu(kind) ==
@@ -26399,10 +26280,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (|$saturn|
           (COND
             ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|description|)
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{description}")))
-            ('T (|htPopSaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
-             (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\end{tabular}"))))))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu "))))
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{description}"))
+            ('T (|htPopSaturn| "\\\\")
+             (|htSaySaturn| "\\end{tabular}")))))
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\endmenu ")))
 
 ;htSayConstructorName(nameShown, name) ==
 ;  if $saturn then
@@ -26419,17 +26300,17 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
         (COND
           (|$saturn|
               (SPADLET |code|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "(|conPage| '|")
-                             (CONS |name| (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)") NIL))))
+                       (CONS "(|conPage| '|"
+                             (CONS |name| (CONS "|)" NIL))))
               (|htSaySaturn| (|mkDocLink| |code| |nameShown|))))
         (COND
           (|$standard|
               (|htSayStandard|
                   (CONS '|\\lispdownlink{|
                         (CONS |nameShown|
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{(|conPage| '|")
+                              (CONS "}{(|conPage| '|"
                                     (CONS |name|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)}") NIL)))))))
+                                     (CONS "|)}" NIL)))))))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;--------------------> NEW DEFINITION (see ht-util.boot.pamphlet)
@@ -26454,14 +26335,14 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$saturn| |$curPage| |$standard|))
   (PROGN
     (COND
-      (|$saturn| (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\browseTitle{"))
-          (|htSaySaturn| |title|) (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+      (|$saturn| (|htSaySaturn| "\\browseTitle{")
+          (|htSaySaturn| |title|) (|htSaySaturn| "}")))
     (COND
       (|$standard|
-          (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{page}{")
-              (|htpName| |$curPage|) (MAKESTRING "}{"))))
+          (|htSayStandard| "\\begin{page}{"
+              (|htpName| |$curPage|) "}{")))
     (|htSayStandard| |title|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+    (|htSayStandard| "}")))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
 ;--                       Utilities
@@ -26507,12 +26388,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                           ((QSGREATERP |i| |n|) G179737)
                         (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G179737
                                     (STRCONC G179737
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\phantom{*}")))))))))
+                                     "\\phantom{*}"))))))))
               (|htSayStandard|
-                  (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\space{") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
-                           (MAKESTRING "}"))))
-             ('T (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\phantom{*}"))
-              (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\space{1}"))))))))
+                  (STRCONC "\\space{" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                           "}")))
+             ('T (|htSaySaturn| "\\phantom{*}")
+              (|htSayStandard| "\\space{1}")))))))
 
 ;unTab s ==
 ;  STRINGP s => unTab1 s
@@ -26534,7 +26415,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (PROG (|k|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((AND (EQL (STRING< (MAKESTRING "\\tab{") |s|) 5)
+        ((AND (EQL (STRING< "\\tab{" |s|) 5)
               (SPADLET |k| (|charPosition| (|char| '}) |s| 4)))
          (SUBSTRING |s| (PLUS |k| 1) NIL))
         ('T |s|)))))
@@ -26545,8 +26426,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |satBreak| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\\\ "))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\item "))))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "\\\\ ")
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\item ")))
 
 ;htBigSkip() ==
 ;  htSaySaturn '"\bigskip{}"
@@ -26554,12 +26435,12 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |htBigSkip| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\bigskip{}"))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\vspace{1}\\newline "))))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "\\bigskip{}")
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\vspace{1}\\newline ")))
 
 ;htSaturnBreak() == htSaySaturn '"\!"
 
-(DEFUN |htSaturnBreak| () (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\!")))
+(DEFUN |htSaturnBreak| () (|htSaySaturn| "\\!"))
 
 ;satDownLink(s,code) ==
 ;  htSaySaturn '"\lispFunctionLink{\verb!"
@@ -26576,16 +26457,16 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |satDownLink| (|s| |code|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\lispFunctionLink{\\verb!"))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "\\lispFunctionLink{\\verb!")
     (|htSaySaturn| |code|)
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "!}{"))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "!}{")
     (|htSaySaturn| |s|)
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}"))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink{"))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "}")
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\lispdownlink{")
     (|htSayStandard| |s|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+    (|htSayStandard| "}{")
     (|htSayStandard| |code|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+    (|htSayStandard| "}")))
 
 ;satTypeDownLink(s,code) ==
 ;  htSaySaturn '"\lispLink[d]{\verb!"
@@ -26602,22 +26483,22 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |satTypeDownLink| (|s| |code|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "\\lispLink[d]{\\verb!"))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "\\lispLink[d]{\\verb!")
     (|htSaySaturn| |code|)
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "!}{"))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "!}{")
     (|htSaySaturn| |s|)
-    (|htSaySaturn| (MAKESTRING "}"))
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink{"))
+    (|htSaySaturn| "}")
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\lispdownlink{")
     (|htSayStandard| |s|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "}{"))
+    (|htSayStandard| "}{")
     (|htSayStandard| |code|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "}"))))
+    (|htSayStandard| "}")))
 
 ;mkButtonBox n == STRCONC('"\buttonbox{", STRINGIMAGE n, '"}")
 
 (DEFUN |mkButtonBox| (|n|)
-  (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\buttonbox{") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
-           (MAKESTRING "}")))
+  (STRCONC "\\buttonbox{" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+           "}"))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
 ;--      Create separate databases for operations, constructors
@@ -26703,10 +26584,10 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |sin| (STRINGIMAGE |x|))
         (SPADLET |sout| (STRINGIMAGE |y|))
-        (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "sort -f \"") |sin|
-                       (MAKESTRING ".text\" > \"") |sout|
-                       (MAKESTRING ".text\"")))
-        (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "rm ") |sin| (MAKESTRING ".text")))))))
+        (OBEY (STRCONC "sort -f \"" |sin|
+                       ".text\" > \"" |sout|
+                       ".text\""))
+        (OBEY (STRCONC "rm " |sin| ".text"))))))
 
 ;--=======================================================================
 ;--         from define.boot
@@ -26951,17 +26832,17 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                ((AND |$compileOnlyCertainItems|
                      (NULL (|member| |$op| |$compileOnlyCertainItems|)))
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "   skipping ")
+                    (CONS "   skipping "
                           (CONS |localOrExported| (|bright| |$op|))))
                 (CONS NIL
                       (CONS (CONS '|Mapping| |signature'|)
                             (CONS |oldE| NIL))))
                ('T
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "   compiling ")
+                    (CONS "   compiling "
                           (CONS |localOrExported|
                                 (APPEND (|bright| |$op|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                        (CONS ": "
                                          |formattedSig|)))))
                 (COND
                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |$newComp| 'T)
@@ -26989,9 +26870,9 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                       |e|))
                                    (CONS (INTERN "" "BOOT")
                                     (CONS |rettype| (CONS |e| NIL)))))
-                      (SAY (MAKESTRING "The old compiler generates:"))
+                      (SAY "The old compiler generates:")
                       (|prTriple| |oldT|)
-                      (SAY (MAKESTRING "The new compiler generates:"))
+                      (SAY "The new compiler generates:")
                       (|prTriple| T$))
                      ('T NIL)))
                   ('T
@@ -27003,7 +26884,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                    (|NRTassignCapsuleFunctionSlot| |$op| |signature'|)
                    (COND
                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |$newCompCompare| 'T)
-                      (SAY (MAKESTRING "The old compiler generates:"))
+                      (SAY "The old compiler generates:")
                       (|prTriple| T$))
                      ('T NIL))))
                 (SPADLET |catchTag| (MKQ (GENSYM)))
@@ -27167,35 +27048,35 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
 
 (DEFUN |bcConform1,say| (|x|)
   (declare (special |$italics?|))
-  (SEQ (IF |$italics?| (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ")) NIL)
-       (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '|etc|) (SPADLET |x| (MAKESTRING "..."))
+  (SEQ (IF |$italics?| (|bcHt| "{\\em ") NIL)
+       (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '|etc|) (SPADLET |x| "...")
            NIL)
        (|bcHt| (|escapeSpecialIds| (STRINGIMAGE |x|)))
-       (EXIT (IF |$italics?| (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "}")) NIL))))
+       (EXIT (IF |$italics?| (|bcHt| "}") NIL))))
 
 (DEFUN |bcConform1,tl| (|u|)
   (PROG (|firstTime|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "(")) (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
+      (SEQ (|bcHt| "(") (SPADLET |firstTime| 'T)
            (DO ((G180021 |u| (CDR G180021)) (|x| NIL))
                ((OR (ATOM G180021)
                     (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G180021)) NIL))
                 NIL)
-             (SEQ (IF (NULL |firstTime|) (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ",")) NIL)
+             (SEQ (IF (NULL |firstTime|) (|bcHt| ",") NIL)
                   (SPADLET |firstTime| NIL)
                   (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| |x|))))
-           (EXIT (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+           (EXIT (|bcHt| ")"))))))
 
 (DEFUN |bcConform1,tuple| (|u|)
-  (SEQ (IF (NULL |u|) (EXIT (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "()"))))
+  (SEQ (IF (NULL |u|) (EXIT (|bcHt| "()")))
        (IF (NULL (CDR |u|)) (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| |u|)))
-       (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "(")) (|bcConform1,hd| (CAR |u|))
+       (|bcHt| "(") (|bcConform1,hd| (CAR |u|))
        (DO ((G180035 (CDR |u|) (CDR G180035)) (|x| NIL))
            ((OR (ATOM G180035)
                 (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G180035)) NIL))
             NIL)
-         (SEQ (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ",")) (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| |x|))))
-       (EXIT (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ")")))))
+         (SEQ (|bcHt| ",") (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| |x|))))
+       (EXIT (|bcHt| ")"))))
 
 (DEFUN |bcConform1,mapping| (G180044)
   (PROG (|target| |source|)
@@ -27207,8 +27088,8 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
              G180044
              (SEQ (|bcConform1,tuple| |source|)
                   (|bcHt| (SEQ (IF |$saturn|
-                                   (EXIT (MAKESTRING " {\\ttrarrow} ")))
-                               (EXIT (MAKESTRING " -> "))))
+                                   (EXIT " {\\ttrarrow} "))
+                               (EXIT " -> ")))
                   (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| |target|))))))))
 
 (DEFUN |bcConform1,hd| (|form|)
@@ -27237,7 +27118,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                                             (ELT
                                              |$FormalMapVariableList|
                                              |n|)))))
-                                        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\"))
+                                        (|htSay| "\\")
                                         (EXIT (|htSay| |form|)))))
                                      (EXIT
                                       (|htSay|
@@ -27249,26 +27130,25 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
                           (IF |$bcMultipleNames|
                               (EXIT (|satTypeDownLink| |s|
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "(|conPageChoose| '|")
+                                                                             "(|conPageChoose| '|"
                                       (CONS |s|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)") NIL))))))
+                                       (CONS "|)" NIL))))))
                           (EXIT (|satTypeDownLink| |s|
                                     (CONS '|(\|conPage\| '\||
                                      (CONS |s|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "|)") NIL))))))))
+                                      (CONS "|)" NIL))))))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL (SPADLET |head| (QCAR |form|)) 'QUOTE)
-               (EXIT (SEQ (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "'"))
+               (EXIT (SEQ (|htSay| "'")
                           (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| (CADR |form|))))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |head| 'SIGNATURE)
-               (EXIT (SEQ (|htSay| (CADR |form|) (MAKESTRING ": "))
+               (EXIT (SEQ (|htSay| (CADR |form|) ": ")
                           (EXIT (|bcConform1,mapping| (CADDR |form|))))))
            (IF (AND (BOOT-EQUAL |head| '|Mapping|) (CDR |form|))
                (EXIT (IF (CDR |form|)
                          (EXIT (|bcConform1,mapping| (CDR |form|))))))
            (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |head| '|:|)
                (EXIT (SEQ (|bcConform1,hd| (CADR |form|))
-                          (|htSay| (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                          (|htSay| ": ")
                           (EXIT (|bcConform1,hd| (CADDR |form|))))))
            (IF (AND (QCDR |form|) (|dbEvalableConstructor?| |form|))
                (EXIT (|bcConstructor| |form| |head|)))
@@ -27379,7 +27259,7 @@ $dbKindAlist :=
   (declare (special |$newConstructorList|))
   (PROGN
     (SPADLET |$newConstructorList| NIL)
-    (|deleteFile| (MAKESTRING "libdb.text"))))
+    (|deleteFile| "libdb.text")))
 
 @
 \eject
diff --git a/src/interp/c-doc.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/c-doc.lisp.pamphlet
index d3283b0..3d70425 100644
--- a/src/interp/c-doc.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/c-doc.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -556,24 +556,24 @@
                      ((OR |noHeading| |signatures| |attributes|)
                       (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2CD0002
                           (CONS (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |bigcnt|)
-                                         (MAKESTRING "."))
+                                         ".")
                                 (CONS |name| NIL)))
                       (SPADLET |bigcnt| (PLUS |bigcnt| 1))
                       (SPADLET |litcnt| 1)
                       (COND
                         (|noHeading|
                             (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2CD0003
-                                (CONS (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(")
+                                (CONS (STRCONC "("
                                        (STRINGIMAGE |litcnt|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING ")"))
+                                       ")")
                                       (CONS |name| NIL)))
                             (SPADLET |litcnt| (PLUS |litcnt| 1))))
                       (COND
                         (|signatures|
                             (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2CD0004
-                                (CONS (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(")
+                                (CONS (STRCONC "("
                                        (STRINGIMAGE |litcnt|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING ")"))
+                                       ")")
                                       NIL))
                             (SPADLET |litcnt| (PLUS |litcnt| 1))
                             (DO ((G166479 |signatures|
@@ -603,9 +603,9 @@
                       (COND
                         (|attributes|
                             (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2CD0005
-                                (CONS (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(")
+                                (CONS (STRCONC "("
                                        (STRINGIMAGE |litcnt|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING ")"))
+                                       ")")
                                       NIL))
                             (SPADLET |litcnt| (PLUS |litcnt| 1))
                             (DO ((G166491 |attributes|
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@
                      (|unusedCommentLineNumbers|
                          (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2CD0006
                              (CONS (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |bigcnt|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING "."))
+                                    ".")
                                    (CONS |name| NIL)))
                          (DO ((G166501 |unusedCommentLineNumbers|
                                   (CDR G166501))
@@ -646,9 +646,9 @@
                                     NIL))
                               NIL)
                            (SEQ (EXIT (|sayMSG|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                                       (CONS "   "
                                         (APPEND (|bright| |n|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                                         (CONS "   "
                                           (CONS |r| NIL)))))))))
                      ('T NIL)))
                   ('T NIL))))
@@ -701,10 +701,9 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Processing ")
+                 (CONS "   Processing "
                        (CONS |$constructorName|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    " for Browser database:")
+                             (CONS                                     " for Browser database:"
                                    NIL))))
              (SPADLET |commentList|
                       (|transDoc| |$constructorName| |doclist|))
@@ -728,7 +727,7 @@
                                (|conEntry|
                                    (|checkDocError|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING "Spurious comments: ")
+                                     "Spurious comments: "
                                      (CONS |x| NIL))))
                                ('T (SPADLET |conEntry| |entry|))))
                             ('T (SPADLET |acc| (CONS |entry| |acc|)))))))
@@ -736,7 +735,7 @@
                (|conEntry| (CONS |conEntry| |acc|))
                ('T
                 (|checkDocError1|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "Missing Description") NIL))
+                    (CONS "Missing Description" NIL))
                 |acc|)))))))
 
 ;transDoc(conname,doclist) ==
@@ -825,8 +824,7 @@
                                  ('T
                                   (|checkDocError1|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "Not documented!!!!")
+                                                                               "Not documented!!!!"
                                        NIL)))))
                               ('T
                                (SPADLET |u|
@@ -846,17 +844,14 @@
                                            (SPADLET |v|
                                             (OR
                                              (|checkExtract|
-                                              (MAKESTRING
-                                               "Description:")
+                                                                                             "Description:"
                                               |u|)
                                              (AND |u|
                                               (|checkExtract|
-                                               (MAKESTRING
-                                                "Description:")
+                                                                                               "Description:"
                                                (CONS
                                                 (STRCONC
-                                                 (MAKESTRING
-                                                  "Description: ")
+                                                                                                   "Description: "
                                                  (CAR |u|))
                                                 (CDR |u|))))))
                                            (|transformAndRecheckComments|
@@ -945,9 +940,9 @@
         (SPADLET |$origin| '|gloss|)
         (SPADLET |$recheckingFlag| NIL)
         (SPADLET |$exposeFlagHeading|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "--------")
+                 (CONS "--------"
                        (CONS |name|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "---------") NIL))))
+                             (CONS "---------" NIL))))
         (COND
           ((NULL |$exposeFlag|) (|sayBrightly| |$exposeFlagHeading|)))
         (SPADLET |u| (|checkComments| |name| |lines|))
@@ -1033,7 +1028,7 @@
                                   (COND
                                     ((AND |w|
                                       (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |w|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}")))
+                                       "\\end{verbatim}"))
                                      (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                      (SPADLET |u2| (APPEND |u2| |w|)))
                                     ('T
@@ -1041,7 +1036,7 @@
                                       (APPEND |u2| (CONS |x| NIL))))))
                               ((AND |w|
                                     (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |w|)
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}")))
+                                     "\\begin{verbatim}"))
                                (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                (SPADLET |u2| (APPEND |u2| |w|)))
                               ('T (SPADLET |u2| (APPEND |u2| |w|))))))))
@@ -1094,14 +1089,13 @@
                             (SPADLET |x| (CAR |u|))
                             (COND
                               ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\texht"))
+                                     "\\texht")
                                     (SPADLET |u| (IFCDR |u|)))
                                (COND
                                  ((NULL (BOOT-EQUAL (IFCAR |u|)
                                          |$charLbrace|))
                                   (|checkDocError|
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                   "First left brace after \\texht missing"))))
+                                                                         "First left brace after \\texht missing")))
                                (SPADLET |count| 1)
                                (DO ()
                                    ((NULL
@@ -1129,7 +1123,7 @@
                                         (IFCAR (SPADLET |u| (CDR |u|))))))
                             (COND
                               ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\httex"))
+                                     "\\httex")
                                     (SPADLET |u| (IFCDR |u|))
                                     (BOOT-EQUAL (IFCAR |u|)
                                      |$charLbrace|))
@@ -1310,7 +1304,7 @@
                                          (CONS (CONS |$name| |$origin|)
                                           (CDR |entry|)))))
                                  ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\spadsys"))
+                                        "\\spadsys")
                                        (SPADLET |u|
                                         (|checkLookForLeftBrace|
                                          (IFCDR |u|)))
@@ -1329,16 +1323,14 @@
                                     ((NULL |parse|)
                                      (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "Unparseable \\spadtype: ")
+                                                                               "Unparseable \\spadtype: "
                                        (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                     ((NULL
                                       (|member| (|opOf| |parse|)
                                        |$currentSysList|))
                                      (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "Bad system command: ")
+                                                                               "Bad system command: "
                                        (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                     ((OR (ATOM |parse|)
                                       (NULL
@@ -1360,8 +1352,7 @@
                                      (PROGN
                                        (|checkDocError|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "Incorrect \\spadsys: ")
+                                                                                   "Incorrect \\spadsys: "
                                          (CONS |s| NIL)))
                                        (SPADLET |entry|
                                         (OR (HGET |$sysHash| |htname|)
@@ -1371,7 +1362,7 @@
                                          (CONS (CONS |$name| |$origin|)
                                           (CDR |entry|))))))))
                                  ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\spadtype"))
+                                        "\\spadtype")
                                        (SPADLET |u|
                                         (|checkLookForLeftBrace|
                                          (IFCDR |u|)))
@@ -1385,8 +1376,7 @@
                                     ((NULL |parse|)
                                      (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "Unparseable \\spadtype: ")
+                                                                               "Unparseable \\spadtype: "
                                        (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                     ('T
                                      (SPADLET |n|
@@ -1395,8 +1385,7 @@
                                        ((NULL |n|)
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Unknown \\spadtype: ")
+                                                                                     "Unknown \\spadtype: "
                                           (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                        ((AND (ATOM |parse|) (> |n| 0))
                                         '|skip|)
@@ -1405,15 +1394,13 @@
                                           (|checkIsValidType| |parse|)))
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Unknown \\spadtype: ")
+                                                                                     "Unknown \\spadtype: "
                                           (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                        ((ATOM |key|) '|ok|)
                                        ('T
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Wrong number of arguments: ")
+                                                                                     "Wrong number of arguments: "
                                           (CONS (|form2HtString| |key|)
                                            NIL))))))))
                                  ((AND (|member| |x|
@@ -1432,8 +1419,7 @@
                                        (GETL |x| '|Nud|)))
                                      (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "Unknown \\spadop: ")
+                                                                               "Unknown \\spadop: "
                                        (CONS |x| NIL))))))
                                  ('T NIL))))
                             (SPADLET |u| (CDR |u|))))))
@@ -1456,7 +1442,7 @@
   (declare (special |$charBack|))
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "")) (MAKESTRING ""))
+        ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "") "")
         ((> (|#| |s|) (SPADLET |k| (|charPosition| |$charBack| |s| 0)))
          (COND
            ((EQL |k| 0) (|removeBackslashes| (SUBSTRING |s| 1 NIL)))
@@ -1561,7 +1547,7 @@
                (SPADDIFFERENCE (SPADDIFFERENCE |j| |k|) 1)))
           ('T
            (|checkDocError|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "Ill-formed lisp expression : ")
+               (CONS "Ill-formed lisp expression : "
                      (CONS |s| NIL)))
            '|illformed|))))))
 
@@ -1727,7 +1713,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| (|#| |line|))
         (SPADLET |k| (|htcharPosition| (|char| '%) |line| 0))
         (COND
-          ((EQL |k| 0) (MAKESTRING ""))
+          ((EQL |k| 0) "")
           ((OR (>= |k| (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| 1))
                (NEQUAL (ELT |line| (PLUS |k| 1)) (|char| '%)))
            |line|)
@@ -1790,13 +1776,12 @@
                             (SPADLET |acc|
                                      (COND
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
+                                         "\\end{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        (|verbatim| (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+                                                                                   "\\begin{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((SPADLET |y|
@@ -1873,7 +1858,7 @@
                                   (COND
                                     ((AND |w|
                                       (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |w|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}")))
+                                       "\\end{verbatim}"))
                                      (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                      (SPADLET |u2| (APPEND |u2| |w|)))
                                     ('T
@@ -1881,7 +1866,7 @@
                                       (APPEND |u2| (CONS |x| NIL))))))
                               ((AND |w|
                                     (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |w|)
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}")))
+                                     "\\begin{verbatim}"))
                                (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                (SPADLET |u2| (APPEND |u2| |w|)))
                               ('T (SPADLET |u2| (APPEND |u2| |w|))))))))
@@ -1957,18 +1942,17 @@
                                   (SPADLET |u2|
                                            (APPEND |u2|
                                             (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "\\blankline ")
+                                                                                           "\\blankline "
                                              NIL))))))
                               ('T (SPADLET |s| (SUBSTRING |x| |k| NIL))
                                (COND
                                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |s|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+                                      "\\begin{verbatim}")
                                   (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                   (SPADLET |u2|
                                            (APPEND |u2| (CONS |s| NIL))))
                                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |s|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
+                                      "\\end{verbatim}")
                                   (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                   (SPADLET |u2|
                                            (APPEND |u2| (CONS |s| NIL))))
@@ -1986,15 +1970,14 @@
                                            (APPEND |u2|
                                             (CONS
                                              (STRCONC
-                                              (MAKESTRING
-                                               "\\indented{")
+                                                                                             "\\indented{"
                                               (STRINGIMAGE
                                                (SPADDIFFERENCE |k|
                                                 |margin|))
-                                              (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                              "}{"
                                               (|checkAddSpaceSegments|
                                                |s| 0)
-                                              (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                                              "}")
                                              NIL)))))))))))
              |u2|)))))
 
@@ -2061,7 +2044,7 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |i| (PLUS |i| 1)))))
              (COND
                ((> |i| |m|) NIL)
-               ('T (SPADLET |buf| (MAKESTRING ""))
+               ('T (SPADLET |buf| "")
                 (SPADLET |ch| (ELT |l| |i|))
                 (COND
                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |ch| |$charFauxNewline|)
@@ -2131,7 +2114,7 @@
               (SPADLET |k| (|firstNonBlankPosition| |u|))
               (COND
                 ((> |k| 0) (|checkGetArgs| (SUBSTRING |u| |k| NIL)))
-                ((|stringPrefix?| (MAKESTRING "\\spad{") |u|)
+                ((|stringPrefix?| "\\spad{" |u|)
                  (SPADLET |k|
                           (OR (|getMatchingRightPren| |u| 6 (|char| '{)
                                   (|char| '}))
@@ -2233,14 +2216,14 @@
         (SPADLET |k| (|firstNonBlankPosition| |x|))
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |k| (SPADDIFFERENCE 1))
-           (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
+           "\\blankline ")
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |margin| |k|) |x|)
           ('T
-           (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\indented{")
+           (STRCONC "\\indented{"
                     (STRINGIMAGE (SPADDIFFERENCE |k| |margin|))
-                    (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                    "}{"
                     (|checkAddSpaceSegments| (SUBSTRING |x| |k| NIL) 0)
-                    (MAKESTRING "}"))))))))
+                    "}")))))))
 
 ;checkAddSpaceSegments(u,k) ==
 ;  m := MAXINDEX u
@@ -2273,8 +2256,8 @@
                 (COND
                   ((> |n| 1)
                    (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)
-                            (MAKESTRING "\\space{") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
-                            (MAKESTRING "}")
+                            "\\space{" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                            "}"
                             (|checkAddSpaceSegments|
                                 (SUBSTRING |u| (PLUS |i| |n|) NIL) 0)))
                   ('T (|checkAddSpaceSegments| |u| |j|))))))))))
@@ -2325,7 +2308,7 @@
                                (PLUS |k| 1))
                            (PLUS |k| 1)))
                (EXIT (|systemError|
-                         (MAKESTRING " Improper comment found"))))
+                         " Improper comment found")))
            (EXIT |k|)))))
 
 (DEFUN |checkTrim| (|$x| |lines|)
@@ -2346,8 +2329,7 @@
                                (|checkDocError|
                                    (CONS |$x|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      " has varying indentation levels")
+                                                                           " has varying indentation levels"
                                      NIL)))
                                (SPADLET |s| (CONS |j| |s|)))
                               ('T NIL))))))
@@ -2484,10 +2466,10 @@
                                     (NEQUAL (IFCAR (IFCDR (CDR |u|)))
                                      |$charLbrace|))
                                (|checkDocError|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "Reversing ")
+                                   (CONS "Reversing "
                                     (CONS |next|
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING " and left brace")
+                                      " and left brace"
                                       NIL))))
                                (SPADLET |acc|
                                         (CONS |$charLbrace|
@@ -2580,7 +2562,7 @@
                             (COND
                               ((NULL |verbatim|)
                                (COND
-                                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "\\em"))
+                                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "\\em")
                                   (COND
                                     ((> |count| 0)
                                      (SPADLET |mathSymbolsOk|
@@ -2590,8 +2572,7 @@
                                     ('T
                                      (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "\\em must be enclosed in braces")
+                                                                               "\\em must be enclosed in braces"
                                        NIL))))))
                                (COND
                                  ((|member| |x|
@@ -2628,26 +2609,24 @@
                                       (CONS '|Symbol |
                                        (CONS |x|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          " appearing outside \\spad{}")
+                                                                                   " appearing outside \\spad{}"
                                          NIL)))))
                                     ('T NIL)))
                                  ('T NIL))))
                             (SPADLET |acc|
                                      (COND
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
+                                         "\\end{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        (|verbatim| (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+                                                                                   "\\begin{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((AND
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "\\begin"))
+                                          "\\begin")
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL
                                           (CAR
                                            (SPADLET |v| (IFCDR |u|)))
@@ -2655,18 +2634,18 @@
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL
                                           (CAR
                                            (SPADLET |v| (IFCDR |v|)))
-                                          (MAKESTRING "detail"))
+                                          "detail")
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL
                                           (CAR
                                            (SPADLET |v| (IFCDR |v|)))
                                           |$charRbrace|))
                                         (SPADLET |u| |v|)
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\blankline ")
+                                         "\\blankline "
                                          |acc|))
                                        ((AND
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "\\end"))
+                                          "\\end")
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL
                                           (CAR
                                            (SPADLET |v| (IFCDR |u|)))
@@ -2674,7 +2653,7 @@
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL
                                           (CAR
                                            (SPADLET |v| (IFCDR |v|)))
-                                          (MAKESTRING "detail"))
+                                          "detail")
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL
                                           (CAR
                                            (SPADLET |v| (IFCDR |v|)))
@@ -2683,21 +2662,21 @@
                                        ((OR
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '$))
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "$")))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\$") |acc|))
+                                          "$"))
+                                        (CONS "\\$" |acc|))
                                        ((OR
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '%))
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "%")))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\%") |acc|))
+                                          "%"))
+                                        (CONS "\\%" |acc|))
                                        ((OR
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '|,|))
                                          (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                          (MAKESTRING ",")))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ",{}") |acc|))
+                                          ","))
+                                        (CONS ",{}" |acc|))
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\spad"))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\spad")
+                                         "\\spad")
+                                        (CONS "\\spad"
                                          |acc|))
                                        ((AND (STRINGP |x|)
                                          (DIGITP (ELT |x| 0)))
@@ -2713,7 +2692,7 @@
                                         (CONS |$charRbrace|
                                          (CONS |x|
                                           (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\spad")
+                                           (CONS "\\spad"
                                             |acc|)))))
                                        ((AND (NULL |spadflag|)
                                          (OR
@@ -2728,7 +2707,7 @@
                                         (CONS |$charRbrace|
                                          (CONS |x|
                                           (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\spad")
+                                           (CONS "\\spad"
                                             |acc|)))))
                                        ('T (SPADLET |xcount| (|#| |x|))
                                         (COND
@@ -2737,12 +2716,12 @@
                                              (|char| '|t|))
                                             (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 2)
                                              (|char| '|h|)))
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "th")
+                                           (CONS "th"
                                             (CONS |$charRbrace|
                                              (CONS (ELT |x| 0)
                                               (CONS |$charLbrace|
                                                (CONS
-                                                (MAKESTRING "\\spad")
+                                                "\\spad"
                                                 |acc|))))))
                                           ((AND (EQL |xcount| 4)
                                             (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 1)
@@ -2751,12 +2730,12 @@
                                              (|char| '|t|))
                                             (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 3)
                                              (|char| '|h|)))
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "-th")
+                                           (CONS "-th"
                                             (CONS |$charRbrace|
                                              (CONS (ELT |x| 0)
                                               (CONS |$charLbrace|
                                                (CONS
-                                                (MAKESTRING "\\spad")
+                                                "\\spad"
                                                 |acc|))))))
                                           ((OR
                                             (AND (EQL |xcount| 2)
@@ -2773,7 +2752,7 @@
                                             (CONS |x|
                                              (CONS |$charLbrace|
                                               (CONS
-                                               (MAKESTRING "\\spad")
+                                               "\\spad"
                                                |acc|)))))
                                           ('T
                                            (CONS
@@ -2902,7 +2881,7 @@
                 (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                              (COND
                                ((BOOT-EQUAL |f|
-                                    (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+                                    "\\begin{verbatim}")
                                 (SPADLET |space| |$charFauxNewline|)
                                 (COND
                                   ((NULL |u2|)
@@ -2918,7 +2897,7 @@
                                          (APPEND |u2| (CONS |f| NIL)))))
                              (COND
                                ((BOOT-EQUAL |f|
-                                    (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
+                                    "\\end{verbatim}")
                                 (SPADLET |u2|
                                          (APPEND |u2|
                                           (CONS |space| NIL)))
@@ -2956,13 +2935,12 @@
                             (SPADLET |acc|
                                      (COND
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
+                                         "\\end{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        (|verbatim| (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+                                                                                   "\\begin{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((SPADLET |z|
@@ -2991,7 +2969,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
              ((CHARP |x|) NIL)
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "") NIL)
              ('T (SPADLET |m| (MAXINDEX |x|))
               (SEQ (DO ((G167607 (SPADDIFFERENCE |m| 3))
                         (|k| 0 (QSADD1 |k|)))
@@ -3010,7 +2988,7 @@
                                        (ELT |x| (PLUS |k| 2))
                                        (|char| '|e|))
                                       (SPADLET |key|
-                                       (MAKESTRING "that is")))
+                                       "that is"))
                                      (AND
                                       (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| |k|)
                                        (|char| '|e|))
@@ -3018,7 +2996,7 @@
                                        (ELT |x| (PLUS |k| 2))
                                        (|char| '|g|))
                                       (SPADLET |key|
-                                       (MAKESTRING "for example")))))
+                                       "for example"))))
                                    (EXIT
                                     (PROGN
                                       (SPADLET |firstPart|
@@ -3030,9 +3008,9 @@
                                       (SPADLET |result|
                                        (APPEND |firstPart|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\spadignore{")
+                                         "\\spadignore{"
                                          (CONS (SUBSTRING |x| |k| 4)
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                          (CONS "}"
                                            (|checkIeEgfun|
                                             (SUBSTRING |x| (PLUS |k| 4)
                                              NIL))))))))))))))
@@ -3066,13 +3044,12 @@
                             (SPADLET |acc|
                                      (COND
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
+                                         "\\end{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| NIL)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        (|verbatim| (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+                                                                                   "\\begin{verbatim}")
                                         (SPADLET |verbatim| 'T)
                                         (CONS |x| |acc|))
                                        ((SPADLET |z|
@@ -3235,11 +3212,11 @@
                            |$charPeriod|))
                   (APPEND (|checkSplitPunctuation|
                               (SUBSTRING |x| 0 (SPADDIFFERENCE |m| 2)))
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "...") NIL)))
+                          (CONS "..." NIL)))
                  ('T
                   (APPEND (|checkSplitPunctuation|
                               (SUBSTRING |x| 0 (SPADDIFFERENCE |m| 1)))
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "..") NIL)))))
+                          (CONS ".." NIL)))))
               ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |lastchar| |$charPeriod|)
                    (BOOT-EQUAL |lastchar| |$charSemiColon|)
                    (BOOT-EQUAL |lastchar| |$charComma|))
@@ -3383,14 +3360,12 @@
                                             ((NEQUAL |open| |top|)
                                              (|checkDocError|
                                               (CONS
-                                               (MAKESTRING
-                                                "Mismatch: left ")
+                                                                                               "Mismatch: left "
                                                (CONS
                                                 (|checkSayBracket|
                                                  |top|)
                                                 (CONS
-                                                 (MAKESTRING
-                                                  " matches right ")
+                                                                                                   " matches right "
                                                  (CONS
                                                   (|checkSayBracket|
                                                    |open|)
@@ -3399,8 +3374,7 @@
                                          ('T
                                           (|checkDocError|
                                            (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "Missing left ")
+                                                                                         "Missing left "
                                             (CONS
                                              (|checkSayBracket| |open|)
                                              NIL)))))))))
@@ -3416,7 +3390,7 @@
                              NIL)
                           (SEQ (EXIT (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING "Missing right ")
+                                       "Missing right "
                                        (CONS (|checkSayBracket| |x|)
                                         NIL))))))))
              |u|)))))
@@ -3429,10 +3403,10 @@
 (DEFUN |checkSayBracket| (|x|)
   (COND
     ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '|(|)) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '|)|)))
-     (MAKESTRING "pren"))
+     "pren")
     ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '{)) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (|char| '})))
-     (MAKESTRING "brace"))
-    ('T (MAKESTRING "bracket"))))
+     "brace")
+    ('T "bracket")))
 
 ;checkBeginEnd u ==
 ;  beginEndStack := nil
@@ -3490,26 +3464,26 @@
                                       (NULL (HGET |$htMacroTable| |x|))
                                       (NULL
                                        (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\spadignore")))
+                                        "\\spadignore"))
                                       (BOOT-EQUAL (IFCAR (IFCDR |u|))
                                        |$charLbrace|)
                                       (NULL
                                        (OR
                                         (|substring?|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\radiobox") |x|
+                                         "\\radiobox" |x|
                                          0)
                                         (|substring?|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\inputbox") |x|
+                                         "\\inputbox" |x|
                                          0))))
                                      (|checkDocError|
                                       (CONS '|Unexpected HT command: |
                                        (CONS |x| NIL))))
                                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\beginitems"))
+                                      "\\beginitems")
                                      (SPADLET |beginEndStack|
                                       (CONS '|items| |beginEndStack|)))
                                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\begin"))
+                                      "\\begin")
                                      (COND
                                        ((AND (PAIRP |u|)
                                          (PROGN
@@ -3536,10 +3510,9 @@
                                              |$beginEndList|))
                                            (|checkDocError|
                                             (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "Unknown begin type: \\begin{")
+                                                                                           "Unknown begin type: \\begin{"
                                              (CONS |y|
-                                              (CONS (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                              (CONS "}"
                                                NIL))))))
                                         (SPADLET |beginEndStack|
                                          (CONS |y| |beginEndStack|))
@@ -3547,11 +3520,10 @@
                                        ('T
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Improper \\begin command")
+                                                                                     "Improper \\begin command"
                                           NIL)))))
                                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\item"))
+                                      "\\item")
                                      (COND
                                        ((|member|
                                          (IFCAR |beginEndStack|)
@@ -3560,19 +3532,17 @@
                                        ((NULL |beginEndStack|)
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "\\item appears outside a \\begin-\\end")
+                                                                                     "\\item appears outside a \\begin-\\end"
                                           NIL)))
                                        ('T
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "\\item appears within a \\begin{")
+                                                                                     "\\item appears within a \\begin{"
                                           (CONS (IFCAR |beginEndStack|)
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "}..")
+                                           (CONS "}.."
                                             NIL)))))))
                                     ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "\\end"))
+                                      "\\end")
                                      (COND
                                        ((AND (PAIRP |u|)
                                          (PROGN
@@ -3602,27 +3572,24 @@
                                           ('T
                                            (|checkDocError|
                                             (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "Trying to match \\begin{")
+                                                                                           "Trying to match \\begin{"
                                              (CONS
                                               (IFCAR |beginEndStack|)
                                               (CONS
-                                               (MAKESTRING
-                                                "} with \\end{")
+                                                                                               "} with \\end{"
                                                (CONS |y| (CONS '} NIL)))))))))
                                        ('T
                                         (|checkDocError|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Improper \\end command")
+                                                                                     "Improper \\end command"
                                           NIL))))))))
                             (SPADLET |u| (CDR |u|))))))
              (COND
                (|beginEndStack|
                    (|checkDocError|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "Missing \\end{")
+                       (CONS "Missing \\end{"
                              (CONS (CAR |beginEndStack|)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+                                   (CONS "}" NIL)))))
                ('T '|ok|)))))))
 
 ;checkArguments u ==
@@ -3679,13 +3646,13 @@
            ((NULL (SPADLET |u| (|checkLookForLeftBrace| |u|)))
             (RETURN
               (|checkDocError|
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "Missing argument for ")
+                  (CONS "Missing argument for "
                         (CONS |keyword| NIL))))))
          (COND
            ((NULL (SPADLET |u| (|checkLookForRightBrace| (IFCDR |u|))))
             (RETURN
               (|checkDocError|
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "Missing right brace for ")
+                  (CONS "Missing right brace for "
                         (CONS |keyword| NIL))))))
          (|checkHTargs| |keyword| (CDR |u|) (SPADDIFFERENCE |nargs| 1)
              |integerValue?|))))))
@@ -3758,7 +3725,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
              ((CHARP |s|) NIL)
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "")) NIL)
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "") NIL)
              ('T
               (PROG (G167927)
                 (SPADLET G167927 'T)
@@ -3847,10 +3814,10 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |namestring| (PNAME |opname|))
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |namestring| (MAKESTRING "Zero"))
-           (SPADLET |namestring| (MAKESTRING "0")))
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |namestring| (MAKESTRING "One"))
-           (SPADLET |namestring| (MAKESTRING "1")))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |namestring| "Zero")
+           (SPADLET |namestring| "0"))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |namestring| "One")
+           (SPADLET |namestring| "1"))
           ('T NIL))
         (COND
           ((> |margin| 0) (SPADLET |s| (|leftTrim| |u|))
@@ -3879,27 +3846,24 @@
                    ((NEQUAL |namestring|
                             (SPADLET |firstWord| (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)))
                     (|checkDocError|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                  "Improper first word in comments: ")
+                        (CONS                                   "Improper first word in comments: "
                               (CONS |firstWord| NIL)))
                     |u|)
                    ((NULL |k|)
                     (COND
                       ((BOOT-EQUAL |open| (|char| '[))
                        (|checkDocError|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Missing close bracket on first line: ")
+                           (CONS                                      "Missing close bracket on first line: "
                                  (CONS |u| NIL))))
                       ('T
                        (|checkDocError|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Missing close parenthesis on first line: ")
+                           (CONS                                      "Missing close parenthesis on first line: "
                                  (CONS |u| NIL)))))
                     |u|)
                    ('T
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\spad{")
+                    (STRCONC "\\spad{"
                              (SUBSTRING |u| 0 (PLUS |k| 1))
-                             (MAKESTRING "}")
+                             "}"
                              (SUBSTRING |u| (PLUS |k| 1) NIL)))))
                 ('T
                  (SPADLET |k|
@@ -3915,8 +3879,7 @@
                                (SPADLET |firstWord|
                                         (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)))
                        (|checkDocError|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Improper first word in comments: ")
+                           (CONS                                      "Improper first word in comments: "
                                  (CONS |firstWord| NIL)))
                        |u|)
                       ((AND (EQL (|#| (SPADLET |p| (PNAME |infixOp|)))
@@ -3930,13 +3893,13 @@
                        (COND
                          ((> |l| (MAXINDEX |u|))
                           (SPADLET |l| (SPADDIFFERENCE |k| 1))))
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\spad{")
+                       (STRCONC "\\spad{"
                                 (SUBSTRING |u| 0 (PLUS |l| 1))
-                                (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                "}"
                                 (SUBSTRING |u| (PLUS |l| 1) NIL)))
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\spad{")
-                                (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |k|) (MAKESTRING "}")
+                       (STRCONC "\\spad{"
+                                (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |k|) "}"
                                 (SUBSTRING |u| |k| NIL)))))
                    ('T
                     (SPADLET |l|
@@ -3948,13 +3911,12 @@
                     (COND
                       ((NEQUAL |namestring| (PNAME |infixOp|))
                        (|checkDocError|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Improper initial operator in comments: ")
+                           (CONS                                      "Improper initial operator in comments: "
                                  (CONS |infixOp| NIL)))
                        |u|)
                       ('T
-                       (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\spad{")
-                                (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |n|) (MAKESTRING "}")
+                       (STRCONC "\\spad{"
+                                (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |n|) "}"
                                 (SUBSTRING |u| |n| NIL)))))))))
              ('T
               (SPADLET |i|
@@ -3963,8 +3925,7 @@
                 ((NEQUAL |namestring|
                          (SPADLET |firstWord| (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)))
                  (|checkDocError|
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                               "Improper first word in comments: ")
+                     (CONS                                "Improper first word in comments: "
                            (CONS |firstWord| NIL)))
                  |u|)
                 ('T (SPADLET |prefixOp| (INTERN (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)))
@@ -3983,9 +3944,9 @@
                        (COND
                          ((> |j| |m|) |u|)
                          ('T
-                          (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\spad{")
+                          (STRCONC "\\spad{"
                                    (SUBSTRING |u| 0 (PLUS |j| 1))
-                                   (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                   "}"
                                    (SUBSTRING |u| (PLUS |j| 1) NIL)))))
                       ('T
                        (SPADLET |k|
@@ -3996,14 +3957,13 @@
                                   (SPADLET |firstWord|
                                            (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)))
                           (|checkDocError|
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Improper first word in comments: ")
+                              (CONS                                      "Improper first word in comments: "
                                     (CONS |firstWord| NIL)))
                           |u|)
                          ('T
-                          (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\spad{")
+                          (STRCONC "\\spad{"
                                    (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |k|)
-                                   (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                   "}"
                                    (SUBSTRING |u| |k| NIL))))))))))))))))))
 
 ;getMatchingRightPren(u,j,open,close) ==
@@ -4122,20 +4082,17 @@
 
 (DEFUN |docreport| (|nam|)
   (PROGN
-    (OBEY (MAKESTRING "rm docreport.input"))
-    (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "echo \")bo setOutStream('")
-                   (STRINGIMAGE |nam|) (MAKESTRING ")\" > temp.input")))
-    (OBEY (MAKESTRING
-              "cat docreport.header temp.input > docreport.input"))
-    (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "awk '/") (STRINGIMAGE |nam|)
-                   (MAKESTRING
-                       "/ {printf(\")co %s.spad\\n\",$2)}' whofiles > temp.input")))
-    (OBEY (MAKESTRING "cat docreport.input temp.input > temp1.input"))
-    (OBEY (MAKESTRING
-              "cat temp1.input docreport.trailer > docreport.input"))
-    (OBEY (MAKESTRING "rm temp.input"))
-    (OBEY (MAKESTRING "rm temp1.input"))
-    (SETQ /EDITFILE (MAKESTRING "docreport.input"))
+    (OBEY "rm docreport.input")
+    (OBEY (STRCONC "echo \")bo setOutStream('"
+                   (STRINGIMAGE |nam|) ")\" > temp.input"))
+    (OBEY               "cat docreport.header temp.input > docreport.input")
+    (OBEY (STRCONC "awk '/" (STRINGIMAGE |nam|)
+                                          "/ {printf(\")co %s.spad\\n\",$2)}' whofiles > temp.input"))
+    (OBEY "cat docreport.input temp.input > temp1.input")
+    (OBEY               "cat temp1.input docreport.trailer > docreport.input")
+    (OBEY "rm temp.input")
+    (OBEY "rm temp1.input")
+    (SETQ /EDITFILE "docreport.input")
     (/RQ)))
 
 ;setOutStream nam ==
@@ -4148,7 +4105,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |filename|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "/tmp/") (STRINGIMAGE |nam|)
+                 (STRCONC "/tmp/" (STRINGIMAGE |nam|)
                           (INTERN ".docreport" "BOOT")))
         (SPADLET |$outStream| (MAKE-OUTSTREAM |filename|))))))
 
@@ -4173,11 +4130,10 @@
         ((NULL |$exposeFlag|) NIL)
         ('T (SPADLET |filename| (GETDATABASE |con| 'SOURCEFILE))
          (SPADLET |quoteChar| (|char| '|"|))
-         (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "awk '$2 == ") |quoteChar|
+         (OBEY (STRCONC "awk '$2 == " |quoteChar|
                         |filename| |quoteChar|
-                        (MAKESTRING
-                            " {print $1}' whofiles > /tmp/temp")))
-         (SPADLET |instream| (MAKE-INSTREAM (MAKESTRING "/tmp/temp")))
+                                                    " {print $1}' whofiles > /tmp/temp"))
+         (SPADLET |instream| (MAKE-INSTREAM "/tmp/temp"))
          (SPADLET |value|
                   (COND
                     ((EOFP |instream|) NIL)
@@ -4226,7 +4182,7 @@
                    (|$recheckingFlag|
                        (COND
                          (|$constructorName| (|checkDocMessage| |u|))
-                         ('T (|concat| (MAKESTRING "> ") |u|))))
+                         ('T (|concat| "> " |u|))))
                    (|$constructorName| (|checkDocMessage| |u|))
                    ('T |u|)))
         (COND
@@ -4256,15 +4212,15 @@
         (SPADLET |sourcefile|
                  (GETDATABASE |$constructorName| 'SOURCEFILE))
         (SPADLET |person|
-                 (OR (|whoOwns| |$constructorName|) (MAKESTRING "---")))
+                 (OR (|whoOwns| |$constructorName|) "---"))
         (SPADLET |middle|
                  (COND
                    ((BOUNDP '|$x|)
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
-                          (CONS |$x| (CONS (MAKESTRING "): ") NIL))))
-                   ('T (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ") NIL))))
-        (|concat| |person| (MAKESTRING ">") |sourcefile|
-            (MAKESTRING "-->") |$constructorName| |middle| |u|)))))
+                    (CONS "("
+                          (CONS |$x| (CONS "): " NIL))))
+                   ('T (CONS ": " NIL))))
+        (|concat| |person| ">" |sourcefile|
+            "-->" |$constructorName| |middle| |u|)))))
 
 ;checkDecorateForHt u ==
 ;  count := 0
@@ -4305,7 +4261,7 @@
                             (|do| (PROGN
                                     (COND
                                       ((BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\em"))
+                                        "\\em")
                                        (COND
                                          ((> |count| 0)
                                           (SPADLET |spadflag|
@@ -4313,8 +4269,7 @@
                                          ('T
                                           (|checkDocError|
                                            (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "\\em must be enclosed in braces")
+                                                                                         "\\em must be enclosed in braces"
                                             NIL))))))
                                     (COND
                                       ((|member| |x|
@@ -4342,19 +4297,18 @@
                                            (CONS '|Symbol |
                                             (CONS |x|
                                              (CONS
-                                              (MAKESTRING
-                                               " appearing outside \\spad{}")
+                                                                                             " appearing outside \\spad{}"
                                               NIL)))))
                                          ('T NIL)))
                                       ('T NIL))
                                     (COND
                                       ((OR
                                         (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "$"))
+                                         "$")
                                         (BOOT-EQUAL |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "%")))
+                                         "%"))
                                        (|checkDocError|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unescaped ")
+                                        (CONS "Unescaped "
                                          (CONS |x| NIL)))))))
                             (SPADLET |u| (CDR |u|))))))
              |u|)))))
diff --git a/src/interp/c-util.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/c-util.lisp.pamphlet
index 0e6c45b..2dfcb9e 100644
--- a/src/interp/c-util.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/c-util.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -57,9 +57,7 @@
               (PROGN (SPADLET |n| (QCAR |l|)) 'T) (INTEGERP |n|))
          (|displayComp| (SPADLET |$level| |n|)))
         ('T
-         (SAY (MAKESTRING
-           "Correct format: (level n) where n is the level you want to go to"
-           )))))))
+         (SAY            "Correct format: (level n) where n is the level you want to go to"           )))))))
 
 ;
 ;UP() == up()
@@ -131,9 +129,9 @@
           ((EQL |n| 0) NIL)
           ('T (SPADLET |l| (NREVERSE |$semanticErrorStack|))
            (SPADLET |$semanticErrorStack| NIL)
-           (|sayBrightly| (|bright| (MAKESTRING "  Semantic Errors:")))
+           (|sayBrightly| (|bright| "  Semantic Errors:"))
            (|displaySemanticError| |l| CUROUTSTREAM)
-           (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " ")) (|displayWarnings|)))))))
+           (|sayBrightly| " ") (|displayWarnings|)))))))
 
 ;
 ;displaySemanticError(l,stream) ==
@@ -147,9 +145,9 @@
            ((OR (ATOM G2529) (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G2529)) NIL))
             NIL)
          (SEQ (EXIT (|sayBrightly|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "      [")
+                        (CONS "      ["
                               (CONS |i|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "] ") (CAR |x|))))
+                                    (CONS "] " (CAR |x|))))
                         |stream|))))))
 
 ;
@@ -174,11 +172,11 @@
                                (REMDUP |$warningStack|))))
         (COND
           ((EQL |n| 0) NIL)
-          ('T (|sayBrightly| (|bright| (MAKESTRING "  Warnings:")))
+          ('T (|sayBrightly| (|bright| "  Warnings:"))
            (SPADLET |l| (NREVERSE |$warningStack|))
            (|displayWarning| |l| CUROUTSTREAM)
            (SPADLET |$warningStack| NIL)
-           (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " "))))))))
+           (|sayBrightly| " ")))))))
 
 ;
 ;displayWarning(l,stream) ==
@@ -192,8 +190,8 @@
            ((OR (ATOM G2550) (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G2550)) NIL))
             NIL)
          (SEQ (EXIT (|sayBrightly|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "      [")
-                              (CONS |i| (CONS (MAKESTRING "] ") |x|)))
+                        (CONS "      ["
+                              (CONS |i| (CONS "] " |x|)))
                         |stream|))))))
 
 ;
@@ -229,16 +227,16 @@
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |$insideCapsuleFunctionIfTrue| 'T)
            (|sayBrightly|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "error in function")
+               (CONS "error in function"
                      (CONS '|%b|
                            (CONS |$op| (CONS '|%d| (CONS '|%l| NIL))))))))
         (|pp| (|removeZeroOne| (|mkErrorExpr| |level|)))
         (|sayBrightly|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "****** level")
+            (CONS "****** level"
                   (CONS '|%b|
                         (CONS |level|
                               (CONS '|%d|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " ******") NIL))))))
+                                    (CONS " ******" NIL))))))
         (SPADLET |LETTMP#1| (ELEM |$s| |level|))
         (SPADLET |$x| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |$m| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
@@ -247,9 +245,9 @@
         (SPADLET $X |$x|)
         (SPADLET $M |$m|)
         (SPADLET $F |$f|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "$x:= ") |$x|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "$m:= ") |$m|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "$f:="))
+        (SAY "$x:= " |$x|)
+        (SAY "$m:= " |$m|)
+        (SAY "$f:=")
         (|F,PRINT-ONE| |$f|)
         NIL))))
 
@@ -343,7 +341,7 @@
         (SPADLET |x| (CAR G2621))
         (SPADLET |m| (CADR G2621))
         (SPADLET |e| (CADDR G2621))
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "tracing comp, compFormWithModemap of: ") |x|)
+        (SAY "tracing comp, compFormWithModemap of: " |x|)
         (|TRACE,1| (CONS '|comp| (CONS '|compFormWithModemap| NIL))
             NIL)
         (SPADLET T$ (|comp| |x| |m| |e|))
@@ -360,7 +358,7 @@
   (|stackWarning|
       (CONS '|%b|
             (CONS |s|
-                  (CONS '|%d| (CONS (MAKESTRING "has no value") NIL))))))
+                  (CONS '|%d| (CONS "has no value" NIL))))))
 
 ;
 ;unErrorRef s == unStackWarning ['%b,s,'%d,'"has no value"]
@@ -371,7 +369,7 @@
   (|unStackWarning|
       (CONS '|%b|
             (CONS |s|
-                  (CONS '|%d| (CONS (MAKESTRING "has no value") NIL))))))
+                  (CONS '|%d| (CONS "has no value" NIL))))))
 
 ;
 ;--% ENVIRONMENT FUNCTIONS
@@ -409,8 +407,7 @@
       (CONS '|%b|
             (CONS |x|
                   (CONS '|%d|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                  "is BOTH a variable and a literal")
+                        (CONS                                   "is BOTH a variable and a literal"
                               NIL))))
       NIL))
 
@@ -496,7 +493,7 @@
         (SPADLET |el| (CDR G2695))
         (COND
           ((NULL (BOOT-EQUAL |el| |el'|))
-           (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "deltaContour")))
+           (|systemError| "deltaContour"))
           ('T
            (|deltaContour,eliminateDuplicatePropertyLists|
                (|deltaContour,contourDifference| |c| |c'|))))))))
@@ -973,9 +970,9 @@
                              (PROGN (SETQ |y| (CAR G3038)) NIL))
                          NIL)
                       (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                   (SAY (MAKESTRING "******CONTOUR ")
-                                    |j| (MAKESTRING ", LEVEL ") |i|
-                                    (MAKESTRING ":******"))
+                                   (SAY "******CONTOUR "
+                                    |j| ", LEVEL " |i|
+                                    ":******")
                                    (DO
                                     ((G3053 |y| (CDR G3053))
                                      (|z| NIL))
@@ -989,8 +986,7 @@
                                        (PROGN
                                          (TERPRI)
                                          (SAY
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "Properties Of: ")
+                                                                                     "Properties Of: "
                                           (CAR |z|))
                                          (DO
                                           ((G3065 (CDR |z|)
@@ -1045,9 +1041,9 @@
                              (PROGN (SETQ |y| (CAR G3112)) NIL))
                          NIL)
                       (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                   (SAY (MAKESTRING "******CONTOUR ")
-                                    |j| (MAKESTRING ", LEVEL ") |i|
-                                    (MAKESTRING ":******"))
+                                   (SAY "******CONTOUR "
+                                    |j| ", LEVEL " |i|
+                                    ":******")
                                    (DO
                                     ((G3128 |y| (CDR G3128))
                                      (|z| NIL))
@@ -1065,8 +1061,7 @@
                                           (PROGN
                                             (TERPRI)
                                             (SAY
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "Properties Of: ")
+                                                                                           "Properties Of: "
                                              (CAR |z|))
                                             (DO
                                              ((G3140 (CDR |z|)
@@ -1160,9 +1155,9 @@
 
 (DEFUN |prTriple| (T$)
   (PROGN
-    (SAY (MAKESTRING "Code:"))
+    (SAY "Code:")
     (|pp| (ELT T$ 0))
-    (SAY (MAKESTRING "Mode:"))
+    (SAY "Mode:")
     (|pp| (ELT T$ 1))))
 
 ;
@@ -1821,8 +1816,7 @@
 ;;;     ***       |printDashedLine| REDEFINED
 
 (DEFUN |printDashedLine| ()
-  (SAY (MAKESTRING
-    "----------------------------------------------------------------------")))
+  (SAY     "----------------------------------------------------------------------"))
 
 ;
 ;stackSemanticError(msg,expr) ==
@@ -2091,12 +2085,12 @@
                  (|normalizeStatAndStringify| |elapsedSeconds|))
         (COND
           ((EQL |byteCount| 0)
-           (SAY (MAKESTRING "Time: ") |timeString|
-                (MAKESTRING " SEC.")))
+           (SAY "Time: " |timeString|
+                " SEC."))
           ('T
-           (SAY (MAKESTRING "Size: ") |byteCount|
-                (MAKESTRING " BYTES     Time: ") |timeString|
-                (MAKESTRING " SEC."))))
+           (SAY "Size: " |byteCount|
+                " BYTES     Time: " |timeString|
+                " SEC.")))
         (TERPRI)
         NIL))))
 
@@ -2567,7 +2561,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode| |$f| |$x|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((ATOM |$x|) (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "$x is an atom")))
+             ((ATOM |$x|) (|sayBrightly| "$x is an atom"))
              ('T
               (DO ((G3999 (CDR |$x|) (CDR G3999)) (|y| NIL))
                   ((OR (ATOM G3999)
@@ -2578,7 +2572,7 @@
                                        (|comp| |y| |$EmptyMode| |$f|))
                               (|sayBrightly|
                                   (CONS |y|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING " ==> mode")
+                                        (CONS " ==> mode"
                                          (CONS '|%b|
                                           (CONS (CADR |u|)
                                            (CONS '|%d| NIL)))))))
@@ -2586,8 +2580,7 @@
                               (|sayBrightly|
                                   (CONS |y|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          " does not compile")
+                                                                                   " does not compile"
                                          NIL))))))))))))))
 
 ;
@@ -2633,7 +2626,7 @@
                              ((SPADLET |u| (|qModemap| |mm|))
                               (RETURN |u|))
                              ('T NIL))))))
-             ('T (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "no modemaps for $x"))))))))
+             ('T (|sayBrightly| "no modemaps for $x")))))))
 
 ;
 ;qModemap mm ==
@@ -2651,7 +2644,7 @@
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (|sayBrightly|
                  (CONS '|%b|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "modemap")
+                       (CONS "modemap"
                              (CONS '|%d| (|formatModemap| |mm|)))))
              (SPADLET |dc| (CAAR |mm|))
              (SPADLET |target| (CADAR |mm|))
@@ -2675,7 +2668,7 @@
                ('T
                 (|sayBrightly|
                     (CONS '|%b|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "fails")
+                          (CONS "fails"
                                 (CONS '|%d| (CONS '|%l| NIL))))))))))))
 
 ;
@@ -2699,7 +2692,7 @@
                    ('T '|no|)))
         (|sayBrightly|
             (CONS |a|
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING " --> ")
+                  (CONS " --> "
                         (CONS |m|
                               (CONS '|%b|
                                     (CONS |yesOrNo| (CONS '|%d| NIL)))))))
@@ -2715,7 +2708,7 @@
 ;_?comp x ==
 ;  msg:=
 ;    u:= comp(x,$EmptyMode,$f) =>
-;      [MAKESTRING "compiles to mode",'%b,u.mode,'%d]
+;      "compiles to mode"'%b,u.mode,'%d]
 ;    nil
 ;  sayBrightly msg
 
@@ -2729,7 +2722,7 @@
         (SPADLET |msg|
                  (COND
                    ((SPADLET |u| (|comp| |x| |$EmptyMode| |$f|))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "compiles to mode")
+                    (CONS "compiles to mode"
                           (CONS '|%b|
                                 (CONS (CADR |u|) (CONS '|%d| NIL)))))
                    ('T NIL)))
@@ -2825,14 +2818,14 @@
                               (SPADLET |val|
                                        (CONS (CAR |val|)
                                         (CONS (CADR |val|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "...") NIL))))
+                                         (CONS "..." NIL))))
                               NIL)
                           (|sayBrightly|
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                              (CONS "   "
                                     (CONS '|%b|
                                      (CONS |prop|
                                       (CONS '|%d|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                       (CONS ": "
                                         (CONS |val| NIL)))))))
                           (EXIT (|displayProplist,fn|
                                     (|deleteAssoc| |prop| |l|))))))))))
@@ -2842,9 +2835,9 @@
 (DEFUN |displayProplist| (|x| |alist|)
   (PROGN
     (|sayBrightly|
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "properties of")
+        (CONS "properties of"
               (CONS '|%b|
-                    (CONS |x| (CONS '|%d| (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))))
+                    (CONS |x| (CONS '|%d| (CONS ":" NIL))))))
     (|displayProplist,fn| |alist|)))
 
 ;
diff --git a/src/interp/category.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/category.lisp.pamphlet
index 983ab45..fde6d0d 100644
--- a/src/interp/category.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/category.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -48,34 +48,32 @@ Sorry to say, this hack is needed by isCategoryType
   (PROG (|u|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (SAY (MAKESTRING "--------------------------------------"))
-             (SAY (MAKESTRING "Name (and arguments) of category:"))
+             (SAY "--------------------------------------")
+             (SAY "Name (and arguments) of category:")
              (PRETTYPRINT (ELT D 0))
-             (SAY (MAKESTRING "operations:"))
+             (SAY "operations:")
              (PRETTYPRINT (ELT D 1))
-             (SAY (MAKESTRING "attributes:"))
+             (SAY "attributes:")
              (PRETTYPRINT (ELT D 2))
-             (SAY (MAKESTRING "This is a sub-category of"))
+             (SAY "This is a sub-category of")
              (PRETTYPRINT (CAR (ELT D 4)))
              (DO ((G166065 (CADR (ELT D 4)) (CDR G166065))
                   (|u| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166065)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |u| (CAR G166065)) NIL))
                   NIL)
-               (SEQ (EXIT (SAY (MAKESTRING
-                                   "This has an alternate view: slot ")
+               (SEQ (EXIT (SAY                                    "This has an alternate view: slot "
                                (CDR |u|)
-                               (MAKESTRING " corresponds to ")
+                               " corresponds to "
                                (CAR |u|)))))
              (DO ((G166074 (CADDR (ELT D 4)) (CDR G166074))
                   (|u| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166074)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |u| (CAR G166074)) NIL))
                   NIL)
-               (SEQ (EXIT (SAY (MAKESTRING
-                                   "This has a local domain: slot ")
+               (SEQ (EXIT (SAY                                    "This has a local domain: slot "
                                (CDR |u|)
-                               (MAKESTRING " corresponds to ")
+                               " corresponds to "
                                (CAR |u|)))))
              (DO ((G166085 (MAXINDEX D)) (|j| 6 (+ |j| 1)))
                  ((> |j| G166085) NIL)
@@ -83,10 +81,9 @@ Sorry to say, this hack is needed by isCategoryType
                             (SPADLET |u| (ELT D |j|))
                             (COND
                               ((NULL |u|)
-                               (SAY (MAKESTRING "another domain")))
+                               (SAY "another domain"))
                               ((ATOM (CAR |u|))
-                               (SAY (MAKESTRING
-                                     "Alternate View corresponding to: ")
+                               (SAY                                      "Alternate View corresponding to: "
                                     |u|))
                               ('T (PRETTYPRINT |u|))))))))))))
 
@@ -580,8 +577,7 @@ Subsumption code (for operators)
                                            ((NULL
                                              (|MachineLevelSubsume|
                                               (QCAR |o|) (QCAR |x|)))
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                   "Source level subsumption not implemented"))
+                                                                               "Source level subsumption not implemented")
                                            ('T
                                             (SPADLET |extra|
                                              (|delete| |x| |extra|)))))))))))
diff --git a/src/interp/cattable.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/cattable.lisp.pamphlet
index b42bdec..4e98dea 100644
--- a/src/interp/cattable.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/cattable.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
                              (PROGN
                                (|sayMSG|
                                    (APPEND (|bright| |id|)
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "extends:") NIL)))
+                                    (CONS "extends:" NIL)))
                                (PRINT (HGET |$ct| |id|)))))))))))))
 
 ;genCategoryTable() ==
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@
                                      (RPLACD |u| |p|))
                                     ('T
                                      (|sayMSG|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "Duplicate entries:"))
+                                      "Duplicate entries:")
                                      (PRINT
                                       (CONS |newEntry|
                                        (CONS (CDR |u|) NIL))))))
@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@
                        (SEQ (EXIT (|categoryParts,build| |x| |pred|))))))
            (IF (|member| |item| '(|noBranch|)) (EXIT '|ok|))
            (IF (NULL |item|) (EXIT '|ok|))
-           (EXIT (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "build error")))))))
+           (EXIT (|systemError| "build error"))))))
 
 (DEFUN |categoryParts|
        (&REST G167466 &AUX |options| |category| |conform|)
@@ -1886,14 +1886,14 @@
     (DECLARE (SPECIAL |$found|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|sayBrightlyNT| (MAKESTRING "compressing hash table..."))
+             (|sayBrightlyNT| "compressing hash table...")
              (SPADLET |$found| (MAKE-HASHTABLE 'UEQUAL))
              (DO ((G167471 (HKEYS |ht|) (CDR G167471)) (|x| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G167471)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G167471)) NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (|compressSexpr| (HGET |ht| |x|) NIL NIL))))
-             (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "done"))
+             (|sayBrightly| "done")
              |ht|)))))
 
 ;compressSexpr(x,left,right) ==
diff --git a/src/interp/clam.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/clam.lisp.pamphlet
index 56a6993..f71c9cb 100644
--- a/src/interp/clam.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/clam.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -208,15 +208,15 @@
            (SPADLET |phrase|
                     (COND
                       ((EQL |cacheCount| 1)
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "computed value only") NIL))
+                       (CONS "computed value only" NIL))
                       ('T
                        (APPEND (|bright| |cacheCount|)
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "computed values")
+                               (CONS "computed values"
                                      NIL)))))
            (|sayBrightly|
                (APPEND (|bright| |op|)
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "will save last") |phrase|)))
-           (SPADLET |auxfn| (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";")))
+                       (CONS "will save last" |phrase|)))
+           (SPADLET |auxfn| (INTERNL |op| ";"))
            (SPADLET |g1| (GENSYM))
            (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                     (COND
@@ -233,12 +233,12 @@
                                    NIL)))))
            (SPADLET |arg| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
            (SPADLET |computeValue| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
-           (SPADLET |cacheName| (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";AL")))
+           (SPADLET |cacheName| (INTERNL |op| ";AL"))
            (COND
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |$reportCounts| 'T)
-              (SPADLET |hitCounter| (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";hit")))
+              (SPADLET |hitCounter| (INTERNL |op| ";hit"))
               (SPADLET |callCounter|
-                       (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";calls")))
+                       (INTERNL |op| ";calls"))
               (SET |hitCounter| 0) (SET |callCounter| 0)
               (SPADLET |callCountCode|
                        (CONS (CONS 'SETQ
@@ -330,9 +330,7 @@
            (COND
              (|$reportCompilation|
                  (|sayBrightlyI|
-                     (|bright|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "Generated LISP code for function:")))
+                     (|bright| "Generated LISP code for function:"))
                  (|pp| |computeFunction|)))
            (|compileQuietly| (CONS |computeFunction| NIL))
            (SPADLET |cacheType| '|function|)
@@ -498,7 +496,7 @@
           ((AND (NULL |cacheNameOrNil|)
                 (NULL (MEMQ |eqEtc| '(EQ CVEC UEQUAL))))
            (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0012 (CONS |op| NIL)))
-          ('T (SPADLET |auxfn| (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";")))
+          ('T (SPADLET |auxfn| (INTERNL |op| ";"))
            (SPADLET |g1| (GENSYM))
            (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                     (COND
@@ -537,12 +535,12 @@
            (SPADLET |computeValue| (CADDR |LETTMP#1|))
            (SPADLET |cacheName|
                     (OR |cacheNameOrNil|
-                        (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";AL"))))
+                        (INTERNL |op| ";AL")))
            (COND
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |$reportCounts| 'T)
-              (SPADLET |hitCounter| (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";hit")))
+              (SPADLET |hitCounter| (INTERNL |op| ";hit"))
               (SPADLET |callCounter|
-                       (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";calls")))
+                       (INTERNL |op| ";calls"))
               (SET |hitCounter| 0) (SET |callCounter| 0)
               (SPADLET |callCountCode|
                        (CONS (CONS 'SETQ
@@ -640,7 +638,7 @@
                                              (CONS |computeValue| NIL)))
                                            NIL))
                                          NIL)))))))
-                         ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "unexpected")))))
+                         ('T (|systemError| "unexpected"))))
                       (|cacheNameOrNil| |computeValue|)
                       (|countFl|
                           (CONS 'CDR
@@ -704,9 +702,7 @@
            (COND
              (|$reportCompilation|
                  (|sayBrightlyI|
-                     (|bright|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "Generated LISP code for function:")))
+                     (|bright| "Generated LISP code for function:"))
                  (|pp| |computeFunction|)))
            (|compileQuietly| (CONS |computeFunction| NIL))
            (COND
@@ -785,9 +781,8 @@
         (COND
           ((NULL (MEMQ |eqEtc| '(UEQUAL)))
            (|sayBrightly|
-               (MAKESTRING
-                   "for hash option, only EQ, CVEC, and UEQUAL are allowed"))))
-        (SPADLET |auxfn| (INTERNL |op| (MAKESTRING ";")))
+                                  "for hash option, only EQ, CVEC, and UEQUAL are allowed")))
+        (SPADLET |auxfn| (INTERNL |op| ";"))
         (SPADLET |g1| (GENSYM))
         (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                  (PROGN
@@ -1011,14 +1006,14 @@
                                ((BOUNDP (SPADLET |cacheName|
                                          (INTERNL
                                           (STRCONC (PNAME |name|)
-                                           (MAKESTRING ";AL")))))
+                                           ";AL"))))
                                 (SET |cacheName| NIL))
                                ('T NIL))))
                           (COND
                             ((BOUNDP (SPADLET |cacheName|
                                       (INTERNL
                                        (STRCONC (PNAME |name|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING ";CAT")))))
+                                        ";CAT"))))
                              (SET |cacheName| NIL))
                             ('T NIL))))))))))
 
@@ -1034,7 +1029,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |cacheName|
                  (INTERNL (STRCONC (PNAME |catName|)
-                                   (MAKESTRING ";AL"))))
+                                   ";AL")))
         (SET |cacheName| NIL)))))
 
 ;displayHashtable x ==
@@ -1116,12 +1111,10 @@
              (SEQ (EXIT (COND
                           ((NULL (MEMQ '|count| |u|))
                            (|sayBrightly|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
+                               (CONS "%b"
                                      (CONS |fn|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d")
-                                       (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "does not keep reference counts")
+                                      (CONS "%d"
+                                       (CONS "does not keep reference counts"
                                         NIL))))))
                           ((INTEGERP |kind|)
                            (|reportCircularCacheStats| |fn| |kind|))
@@ -1129,11 +1122,10 @@
                            (|reportHashCacheStats| |fn|))
                           ('T
                            (|sayBrightly|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "Unknown cache type for")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
+                               (CONS "Unknown cache type for"
+                                     (CONS "%b"
                                       (CONS |fn|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d") NIL))))))))))))))
+                                       (CONS "%d" NIL))))))))))))))
 
 ;reportCircularCacheStats(fn,n) ==
 ;  infovec:= GET(fn,'cacheInfo)
@@ -1171,17 +1163,17 @@
                                G2595)
                             (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G2595 (PLUS G2595 1))))))))
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
+                 (CONS "%b"
                        (CONS |fn|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d")
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "has")
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
+                             (CONS "%d"
+                                   (CONS "has"
+                                    (CONS "%b"
                                      (CONS |numberUsed|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "/ ")
+                                      (CONS "%d"
+                                       (CONS "/ "
                                         (CONS |n|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING " values cached")
+                                          " values cached"
                                           NIL)))))))))))
              (|displayCacheFrequency|
                  (|mkCircularCountAlist| |circList| |n|))
@@ -1296,10 +1288,10 @@
                                          G2673))))))))
              (|sayBrightly|
                  (APPEND (|bright| |fn|)
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "has")
+                         (CONS "has"
                                (APPEND (|bright| (|#| |hashValues|))
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "values cached.")
+                                        "values cached."
                                         NIL)))))
              (|displayCacheFrequency|
                  (|mkHashCountAlist| |hashValues|))
@@ -1588,10 +1580,10 @@
                                      ('T
                                       (SPADLET |hitCounter|
                                        (INTERNL |op|
-                                        (MAKESTRING ";hit")))
+                                        ";hit"))
                                       (SPADLET |callCounter|
                                        (INTERNL |op|
-                                        (MAKESTRING ";calls")))
+                                        ";calls"))
                                       (SPADLET |res|
                                        (CONS '|%b|
                                         (CONS (|eval| |hitCounter|)
@@ -1815,8 +1807,8 @@
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |$reportEachInstantiation| 'T)
             (SPADLET |trailer|
                      (COND
-                       (|dropIfTrue| (MAKESTRING "  dropped"))
-                       ('T (MAKESTRING "  instantiated"))))
+                       (|dropIfTrue| "  dropped")
+                       ('T "  instantiated")))
             (COND
               ((BOOT-EQUAL |$insideCoerceInteractive| 'T)
                (SPADLET |$instantCoerceCount|
@@ -1832,9 +1824,9 @@
                (SPADLET |$instantCanCoerceCount|
                         (PLUS 1 |$instantCanCoerceCount|))
                (SPADLET |xtra|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING " for ")
+                        (CONS " for "
                               (CONS (|outputDomainConstructor| |m1|)
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "-->")
+                                    (CONS "-->"
                                      (CONS
                                       (|outputDomainConstructor| |m2|)
                                       NIL)))))))
@@ -1948,11 +1940,9 @@
                                                       NIL)))
                                                    G2984)))))))))))))))
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                           "# instantiated/# dropped/domain name")
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "%l")
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "------------------------------------")
+                 (CONS "# instantiated/# dropped/domain name"
+                       (CONS "%l"
+                             (CONS "------------------------------------"
                                    NIL))))
              (SPADLET |nTotal|
                       (SPADLET |mTotal|
@@ -1988,62 +1978,36 @@
                                           |form|)
                                          NIL)))))))))
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "Totals:")
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d")
+                 (CONS "%b"
+                       (CONS "Totals:"
+                             (CONS "%d"
                                    (CONS |nTotal|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " instantiated")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "%l")
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "         ")
+                                    (CONS " instantiated"
+                                     (CONS "%l"
+                                      (CONS "         "
                                        (CONS |$instantCoerceCount|
-                                        (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          " inside coerceInteractive")
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "%l")
-                                          (CONS
-                                           (MAKESTRING "         ")
-                                           (CONS
-                                            |$instantCanCoerceCount|
-                                            (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              " inside canCoerceFrom")
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "%l")
-                                              (CONS
-                                               (MAKESTRING "         ")
-                                               (CONS
-                                                |$instantMmCondCount|
-                                                (CONS
-                                                 (MAKESTRING
-                                                  " inside evalMmCond")
-                                                 (CONS
-                                                  (MAKESTRING "%l")
-                                                  (CONS
-                                                   (MAKESTRING
-                                                    "         ")
+                                        (CONS " inside coerceInteractive"
+                                         (CONS "%l"
+                                          (CONS "         "
+                                           (CONS |$instantCanCoerceCount|
+                                            (CONS " inside canCoerceFrom"
+                                             (CONS "%l"
+                                              (CONS "         "
+                                               (CONS |$instantMmCondCount|
+                                                (CONS " inside evalMmCond"
+                                                 (CONS "%l"
+                                                  (CONS "         "
                                                    (CONS |rTotal|
-                                                    (CONS
-                                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                                      " reinstantiated")
-                                                     (CONS
-                                                      (MAKESTRING "%l")
-                                                      (CONS
-                                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                                        "         ")
+                                                    (CONS " reinstantiated"
+                                                     (CONS "%l"
+                                                      (CONS "         "
                                                        (CONS |mTotal|
-                                                        (CONS
-                                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                                          " dropped")
-                                                         (CONS
-                                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                                           "%l")
-                                                          (CONS
-                                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                                            "         ")
+                                                        (CONS " dropped"
+                                                         (CONS "%l"
+                                                          (CONS "         "
                                                            (CONS
                                                             |nForms|
-                                                            (CONS
-                                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                      " distinct domains instantiated/dropped")
+                                                            (CONS " distinct domains instantiated/dropped"
                                          NIL)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
 
 ;hputNewProp(ht,op,argList,val) ==
@@ -2298,9 +2262,9 @@
                                            (CONS |argList1| NIL)))
                                          |reportList|)))))))))))
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "  USE  NAME ARGS")
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d") NIL))))
+                 (CONS "%b"
+                       (CONS "  USE  NAME ARGS"
+                             (CONS "%d" NIL))))
              (DO ((G3179 (NREVERSE (SORTBY |sortFn| |reportList|))
                            (CDR G3179))
                   (G3127 NIL))
@@ -2404,13 +2368,13 @@
                 NIL)
              (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                           (|sayBrightly|
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING "Un-clamming function")
+                              (CONS "Un-clamming function"
                                     (CONS '|%b|
                                      (CONS |fun| (CONS '|%d| NIL)))))
                           (SET |fun|
                                (|eval| (INTERN
                                         (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |fun|)
-                                         (MAKESTRING ";")))))))))))))
+                                         ";"))))))))))))
 
 
 @
diff --git a/src/interp/compiler.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/compiler.lisp.pamphlet
index 8d3cb4c..a939292 100644
--- a/src/interp/compiler.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/compiler.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ from the compiler stack {\tt \$compStack} and
                           (EXIT (CONS '|failedCompilation|
                                       (CONS |m| (CONS |e| NIL)))))))
            (|displaySemanticErrors|)
-           (SAY (MAKESTRING "****** comp fails at level ") |$level|
-                (MAKESTRING " with expression: ******"))
+           (SAY "****** comp fails at level " |$level|
+                " with expression: ******")
            (|displayComp| |$level|)
            (EXIT (|userError| |errorMessage|))))))
 
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ from the compiler stack {\tt \$compStack} and
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|:|) (|compColon| |x| |m| |e|))
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|::|) (|compCoerce| |x| |m| |e|))
              ((AND (NULL (BOOT-EQUAL |$insideCompTypeOf| 'T))
-                   (|stringPrefix?| (MAKESTRING "TypeOf") (PNAME |op|)))
+                   (|stringPrefix?| "TypeOf" (PNAME |op|)))
               (|compTypeOf| |x| |m| |e|))
              ('T (SPADLET |t| (|compExpression| |x| |m| |e|))
               (COND
@@ -2659,8 +2659,8 @@ from the compiler stack {\tt \$compStack} and
              (COND
                ((NEQUAL (|#| |dc|) (|#| |sig|))
                 (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "substituteIntoFunctorModemap")
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "Incompatible maps") NIL))))
+                    (CONS "substituteIntoFunctorModemap"
+                          (CONS "Incompatible maps" NIL))))
                ((BOOT-EQUAL (|#| |argl|) (|#| (CDR |sig|)))
                 (SPADLET |sig| (EQSUBSTLIST |argl| (CDR |dc|) |sig|))
                 (SPADLET |Tl|
@@ -3890,23 +3890,23 @@ the left hand side of the macro.
         (SPADLET |prhs|
                  (COND
                    ((AND (PAIRP |rhs|) (EQ (QCAR |rhs|) 'CATEGORY))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "-- the constructor category")
+                    (CONS "-- the constructor category"
                           NIL))
                    ((AND (PAIRP |rhs|) (EQ (QCAR |rhs|) '|Join|))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "-- the constructor category")
+                    (CONS "-- the constructor category"
                           NIL))
                    ((AND (PAIRP |rhs|) (EQ (QCAR |rhs|) 'CAPSULE))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "-- the constructor capsule")
+                    (CONS "-- the constructor capsule"
                           NIL))
                    ((AND (PAIRP |rhs|) (EQ (QCAR |rhs|) '|add|))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "-- the constructor capsule")
+                    (CONS "-- the constructor capsule"
                           NIL))
                    ('T (|formatUnabbreviated| |rhs|))))
         (|sayBrightly|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "   processing macro definition")
+            (CONS "   processing macro definition"
                   (CONS '|%b|
                         (APPEND (|formatUnabbreviated| |lhs|)
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING " ==> ")
+                                (CONS " ==> "
                                       (APPEND |prhs| (CONS '|%d| NIL)))))))
         (COND
           ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |m| |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -4172,8 +4172,8 @@ Compile exit
   (declare (special |$exitModeStack| |$reportExitModeStack|))
   (COND
     (|$reportExitModeStack|
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "exitModeStack: ") (COPY |$exitModeStack|)
-             (MAKESTRING " ====> ")
+        (SAY "exitModeStack: " (COPY |$exitModeStack|)
+             " ====> "
              (PROGN
                (SETELT |$exitModeStack| |index|
                        (|resolve| |m| (ELT |$exitModeStack| |index|)))
@@ -4252,7 +4252,7 @@ Compile return
            NIL)
           ((NEQUAL |level| 1)
            (|userError|
-               (MAKESTRING "multi-level returns not supported")))
+               "multi-level returns not supported"))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |index|
                     (MAX 0 (SPADDIFFERENCE (|#| |$exitModeStack|) 1)))
@@ -4338,22 +4338,20 @@ Compile Elt
                       ((EQL 0 |n|)
                        (RETURN
                          (|stackMessage|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "Operation ")
+                             (CONS "Operation "
                                    (CONS '|%b|
                                     (CONS |anOp|
                                      (CONS '|%d|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "missing from domain: ")
+                                                                               "missing from domain: "
                                        (CONS |aDomain| NIL)))))))))
                       ('T
                        (|stackWarning|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "more than 1 modemap for: ")
+                           (CONS                                      "more than 1 modemap for: "
                                  (CONS |anOp|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " with dc=")
+                                       (CONS " with dc="
                                         (CONS |aDomain|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING " ===>")
+                                         (CONS " ===>"
                                           (CONS |mmList| NIL)))))))
                        (ELT |mmList| 0)))))
          (SPADLET |sig| (CAR |modemap|))
@@ -4764,8 +4762,7 @@ Compile if
                                         'T))))))))
                 (COND
                   ((NULL (|canReturn| |a| 0 0 'T))
-                   (SAY (MAKESTRING
-                            "IF statement can not cause consequents to be executed"))
+                   (SAY                             "IF statement can not cause consequents to be executed")
                    (|pp| |expr|)))
                 (OR (|canReturn| |a| |level| |exitCount| NIL)
                     (|canReturn| |b| |level| |exitCount| |ValueFlag|)
@@ -4807,7 +4804,7 @@ Compile if
                                      (AND G169533
                                       (|canReturn| |u| |level|
                                        |exitCount| |ValueFlag|)))))))))
-             ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "canReturn"))))))))
+             ('T (|systemErrorHere| "canReturn")))))))
 
 @
 \subsection{compBoolean}
@@ -5469,8 +5466,7 @@ An angry JHD - August 15th., 1984
                                                         (|getmode| |x|
                                                          |e|)
                                                         (|systemErrorHere|
-                                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                                          "compColonOld")))))
+                                                                                                                   "compColonOld"))))
                                                     G170104))))))))))
                                (|put| |op| '|mode| |signature| |e|))
                               ('T (|put| |f| '|mode| |t| |e|))))
@@ -5713,9 +5709,8 @@ of basic objects may not be the same.
       (COND
         (|$InteractiveMode|
             (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                (CONS (MAKESTRING "coerce")
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                "function coerce called from the interpreter.")
+                (CONS "coerce"
+                      (CONS                                 "function coerce called from the interpreter."
                             NIL))))
         ('T (|rplac| (CADR T$) (MSUBST '$ |$Rep| (CADR T$)))
          (COND
@@ -5754,7 +5749,7 @@ of basic objects may not be the same.
                  (CONS (CAR T$)
                        (CONS (CONS '|userError|
                                    (CONS
-                                    (MAKESTRING "Did not really exit.")
+                                    "Did not really exit."
                                     NIL))
                              NIL)))
            (CONS |m| (CONS (CADDR T$) NIL))))
@@ -6520,14 +6515,14 @@ should only be used in the old (preWATT) compiler
         (SETQ HT (MAKE-HASHTABLE 'UEQUAL))
         (SPADLET |newName|
                  (|fnameMake| (|pathnameDirectory| |path|)
-                     (|pathnameName| |path|) (MAKESTRING "as")))
+                     (|pathnameName| |path|) "as"))
         (SPADLET |canDoIt| 'T)
         (COND
           ((NULL (|fnameWritable?| |newName|))
            (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IZ0086 (CONS (NAMESTRING |newName|) NIL))
            (SPADLET |newName|
-                    (|fnameMake| (MAKESTRING ".")
-                        (|pathnameName| |path|) (MAKESTRING "as")))
+                    (|fnameMake| "."
+                        (|pathnameName| |path|) "as"))
            (COND
              ((NULL (|fnameWritable?| |newName|))
               (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IZ0087
@@ -6539,7 +6534,7 @@ should only be used in the old (preWATT) compiler
           ('T
            (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IZ0088 (CONS (NAMESTRING |newName|) NIL))
            (SPADLET |$outStream| (MAKE-OUTSTREAM |newName|))
-           (|markSay| (MAKESTRING "#include \"axiom.as\""))
+           (|markSay| "#include \"axiom.as\"")
            (|markTerpri|)
            (CATCH 'SPAD_READER (|compiler| (CONS |path| NIL)))
            (SHUT |$outStream|) (|mkCheck|) '|done|))))))
@@ -6610,13 +6605,11 @@ should only be used in the old (preWATT) compiler
                                        (EXIT
                                         (|sayBrightly|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING ">>> Warning ")
+                                          ">>> Warning "
                                           (CONS '|%b|
                                            (CONS |ii|
                                             (CONS '|%d|
-                                             (CONS
-                                              (MAKESTRING
-                                               " was not found")
+                                             (CONS " was not found"
                                               NIL)))))))))))))))))))))
 
 @
diff --git a/src/interp/database.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/database.lisp.pamphlet
index f9b9756..a2b37a5 100644
--- a/src/interp/database.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/database.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -397,27 +397,27 @@
         (SPADLET |$InteractiveMode| 'T)
         (SPADLET |$constructorList| NIL)
         (SPADLET |$ConstructorCache| (MAKE-HASHTABLE 'ID))
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Making constructor autoload"))
+        (SAY "Making constructor autoload")
         (|makeConstructorsAutoLoad|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Building category table"))
+        (SAY "Building category table")
         (|genCategoryTable|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Building libdb.text"))
+        (SAY "Building libdb.text")
         (|buildLibdb|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "splitting libdb.text"))
+        (SAY "splitting libdb.text")
         (|dbSplitLibdb|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "creating browse constructor index"))
+        (SAY "creating browse constructor index")
         (|dbAugmentConstructorDataTable|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Building browse.lisp"))
+        (SAY "Building browse.lisp")
         (|buildBrowsedb|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Building constructor users database"))
+        (SAY "Building constructor users database")
         (|mkUsersHashTable|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Saving constructor users database"))
+        (SAY "Saving constructor users database")
         (|saveUsersHashTable|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Building constructor dependents database"))
+        (SAY "Building constructor dependents database")
         (|mkDependentsHashTable|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Saving constructor dependents database"))
+        (SAY "Saving constructor dependents database")
         (|saveDependentsHashTable|)
-        (SAY (MAKESTRING "Building glossary files"))
+        (SAY "Building glossary files")
         (|buildGloss|)))))
 
 ;saveUsersHashTable() ==
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
                                              (QCAR |ISTMP#2|))
                                             'T)))))
                                     (BOOT-EQUAL |tag|
-                                     (MAKESTRING "failed"))
+                                     "failed")
                                     (BOOT-EQUAL |xTails| |sig|))
                                (SPADLET |x| |dom|)
                                (SPADLET |partial| 'T)))
diff --git a/src/interp/define.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/define.lisp.pamphlet
index 1b5362a..44eb606 100644
--- a/src/interp/define.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/define.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
                        |m| |e| NIL |$formalArgList|))
                   ((NULL |$form|)
                    (|stackAndThrow|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "bad == form ")
+                       (CONS "bad == form "
                              (CONS |form| NIL))))
                   ('T
                    (SPADLET |newPrefix|
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
                               (|$prefix|
                                   (INTERN (STRCONC
                                            (|encodeItem| |$prefix|)
-                                           (MAKESTRING ",")
+                                           ","
                                            (|encodeItem| |$op|))))
                               ('T
                                (|getAbbreviation| |$op|
@@ -315,10 +315,9 @@
       (COND
         ((AND (PAIRP |rhs|) (EQ (QCAR |rhs|) 'CAPSULE))
          (|stackSemanticError|
-             (CONS (MAKESTRING "target category of ")
+             (CONS "target category of "
                    (CONS |lhs|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                   " cannot be determined from definition")
+                         (CONS                                    " cannot be determined from definition"
                                NIL)))
              NIL))
         ((AND (PAIRP |rhs|) (EQ (QCAR |rhs|) '|SubDomain|)
@@ -661,10 +660,10 @@
              (SPADLET |op| (CAR |form|))
              (SPADLET |argl| (CDR |form|))
              (SPADLET |packageName|
-                      (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |op|) (MAKESTRING "&"))))
+                      (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |op|) "&")))
              (SPADLET |packageAbb|
                       (INTERN (STRCONC (GETDATABASE |op| 'ABBREVIATION)
-                                       (MAKESTRING "-"))))
+                                       "-")))
              (SPADLET |$options| NIL)
              (|abbreviationsSpad2Cmd|
                  (CONS '|domain|
@@ -1033,7 +1032,7 @@
                                         (CONS (CONS |a| |v|) G166682))))))))
              (SPADLET |parSignature| (SUBLIS |pairlis| |signature'|))
              (SPADLET |parForm| (SUBLIS |pairlis| |form|))
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "compilerInfo")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "compilerInfo"
                  (|removeZeroOne|
                      (CONS 'SETQ
                            (CONS '|$CategoryFrame|
@@ -1522,8 +1521,7 @@
                       (OR (|compMakeCategoryObject| |target| |$e|)
                           (PROGN
                             (|sayBrightly|
-                                (MAKESTRING
-                                    "   cannot produce category object:"))
+                                                                    "   cannot produce category object:")
                             (|pp| |target|)
                             (RETURN NIL))))
              (SPADLET |ds| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
@@ -1531,7 +1529,7 @@
              (SPADLET |$domainShell| (COPY-SEQ |ds|))
              (SPADLET |$attributesName|
                       (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |$op|)
-                                       (MAKESTRING ";attributes"))))
+                                       ";attributes")))
              (SPADLET |attributeList|
                       (|disallowNilAttribute| (ELT |ds| 2)))
              (SPADLET |$goGetList| NIL)
@@ -1766,7 +1764,7 @@
                          (COND
                            (|$isOpPackageName|
                                (|lisplibWrite|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "slot1DataBase")
+                                   "slot1DataBase"
                                    (CONS '|updateSlot1DataBase|
                                     (CONS (MKQ |$NRTslot1Info|) NIL))
                                    |$libFile|)))
@@ -1814,7 +1812,7 @@
                                |operationAlist|)
                       (SPADLET |$lisplibMissingFunctions|
                                |$CheckVectorList|)))
-                (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "compilerInfo")
+                (|lisplibWrite| "compilerInfo"
                     (|removeZeroOne|
                         (CONS 'SETQ
                               (CONS '|$CategoryFrame|
@@ -1966,9 +1964,9 @@
       (PROGN
         (|displayMissingFunctions|)
         (COND
-          (|$semanticErrorStack| (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " "))))
+          (|$semanticErrorStack| (|sayBrightly| " ")))
         (|displaySemanticErrors|)
-        (COND (|$warningStack| (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " "))))
+        (COND (|$warningStack| (|sayBrightly| " ")))
         (|displayWarnings|)
         (SPADLET |$functorStats|
                  (|addStats| |$functorStats| |$functionStats|))
@@ -1977,16 +1975,15 @@
         (|sayBrightly|
             (CONS '|%l|
                   (APPEND (|bright|
-                              (MAKESTRING
-                                  "  Cumulative Statistics for Constructor"))
+                                                                "  Cumulative Statistics for Constructor")
                           (CONS |$op| NIL))))
         (SPADLET |timeString|
                  (|normalizeStatAndStringify| |elapsedSeconds|))
         (|sayBrightly|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "      Time:")
+            (CONS "      Time:"
                   (APPEND (|bright| |timeString|)
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "seconds") NIL))))
-        (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                          (CONS "seconds" NIL))))
+        (|sayBrightly| " ")
         '|done|))))
 
 ;displayMissingFunctions() ==
@@ -2052,8 +2049,7 @@
                 (|loc| (|sayBrightly|
                            (CONS '|%l|
                                  (|bright|
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "  Missing Local Functions:"))))
+                                                                           "  Missing Local Functions:")))
                        (DO ((G167443 |loc| (CDR G167443))
                             (G167413 NIL) (|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                            ((OR (ATOM G167443)
@@ -2068,9 +2064,9 @@
                                   NIL))
                             NIL)
                          (SEQ (EXIT (|sayBrightly|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "      [")
+                                     (CONS "      ["
                                       (CONS |i|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "]")
+                                       (CONS "]"
                                         (APPEND (|bright| |op|)
                                          (CONS '|: |
                                           (|formatUnabbreviatedSig|
@@ -2079,8 +2075,7 @@
                 (|exp| (|sayBrightly|
                            (CONS '|%l|
                                  (|bright|
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "  Missing Exported Functions:"))))
+                                                                           "  Missing Exported Functions:")))
                        (DO ((G167455 |exp| (CDR G167455))
                             (G167418 NIL) (|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                            ((OR (ATOM G167455)
@@ -2095,9 +2090,9 @@
                                   NIL))
                             NIL)
                          (SEQ (EXIT (|sayBrightly|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "      [")
+                                     (CONS "      ["
                                       (CONS |i|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "]")
+                                       (CONS "]"
                                         (APPEND (|bright| |op|)
                                          (CONS '|: |
                                           (|formatUnabbreviatedSig|
@@ -2845,8 +2840,8 @@
        (EXIT (OR (|getmode| |a| |e|)
                  (|userError|
                      (|concat|
-                         (MAKESTRING "There is no mode for argument")
-                         |a| (MAKESTRING "of function") (CAR |form|)))))))
+                         "There is no mode for argument"
+                         |a| "of function" (CAR |form|)))))))
 
 (DEFUN |compDefWhereClause,removeSuchthat| (|x|)
   (PROG (|ISTMP#1| |y| |ISTMP#2| |p|)
@@ -3065,12 +3060,12 @@
                             ((MEMQ |v| |d|)
                              (PROGN
                                (SAY |v|
-                                    (MAKESTRING " depends on itself"))
+                                    " depends on itself")
                                (SPADLET |fatalError| 'T)))))))
              (COND
                (|fatalError|
                    (|userError|
-                       (MAKESTRING "Parameter specification error")))
+                       "Parameter specification error"))
                ('T
                 (DO ((G168258 NIL (NULL |vl|))) (G168258 NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
@@ -3435,17 +3430,17 @@
                ((AND |$compileOnlyCertainItems|
                      (NULL (|member| |$op| |$compileOnlyCertainItems|)))
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "   skipping ")
+                    (CONS "   skipping "
                           (CONS |localOrExported| (|bright| |$op|))))
                 (CONS NIL
                       (CONS (CONS '|Mapping| |signature'|)
                             (CONS |oldE| NIL))))
                ('T
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "   compiling ")
+                    (CONS "   compiling "
                           (CONS |localOrExported|
                                 (APPEND (|bright| |$op|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ")
+                                        (CONS ": "
                                          |formattedSig|)))))
                 (COND
                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |$newComp| 'T)
@@ -3473,9 +3468,9 @@
                                       |e|))
                                    (CONS (INTERN "" "BOOT")
                                     (CONS |rettype| (CONS |e| NIL)))))
-                      (SAY (MAKESTRING "The old compiler generates:"))
+                      (SAY "The old compiler generates:")
                       (|prTriple| |oldT|)
-                      (SAY (MAKESTRING "The new compiler generates:"))
+                      (SAY "The new compiler generates:")
                       (|prTriple| T$))
                      ('T NIL)))
                   ('T
@@ -3487,7 +3482,7 @@
                    (|NRTassignCapsuleFunctionSlot| |$op| |signature'|)
                    (COND
                      ((BOOT-EQUAL |$newCompCompare| 'T)
-                      (SAY (MAKESTRING "The old compiler generates:"))
+                      (SAY "The old compiler generates:")
                       (|prTriple| T$))
                      ('T NIL))))
                 (SPADLET |catchTag| (MKQ (GENSYM)))
@@ -3726,20 +3721,18 @@
                                          (CONS '|   |
                                           (APPEND (|bright| |a|)
                                            (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "must have type ")
+                                                                                         "must have type "
                                             (CONS |m|
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING " not ")
+                                             (CONS " not "
                                               (CONS |m1|
                                                (CONS '|%l| |stack|))))))))))))
                       ('T (SPADLET |e| (|put| |a| '|mode| |m| |e|))))))
              (COND
                (|stack| (|sayBrightly|
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Parameters of ")
+                            (CONS "   Parameters of "
                                   (APPEND (|bright| (CAR |form|))
                                           (CONS
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            " are of wrong type:")
+                                                                                       " are of wrong type:"
                                            (CONS '|%l| |stack|)))))))
              |e|)))))
 
@@ -3829,12 +3822,11 @@
                         (PROGN (SPADLET |sig| (QCDR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T)))
                  |sig|)
                 ('T
-                 (SAY (MAKESTRING
-                          "************* USER ERROR **********"))
-                 (SAY (MAKESTRING "available signatures for ") |op|
-                      (MAKESTRING ": "))
+                 (SAY                           "************* USER ERROR **********")
+                 (SAY "available signatures for " |op|
+                      ": ")
                  (COND
-                   ((NULL |mmList|) (SAY (MAKESTRING "    NONE")))
+                   ((NULL |mmList|) (SAY "    NONE"))
                    ('T
                     (DO ((G168676 |mmList| (CDR G168676))
                          (G168646 NIL))
@@ -4118,7 +4110,7 @@
                                        NIL)))))
            (IF (NULL |clist|) (EXIT |$body|))
            (EXIT (|systemErrorHere|
-                     (MAKESTRING "addArgumentConditions")))))))
+                     "addArgumentConditions"))))))
 
 (DEFUN |addArgumentConditions| (|$body| |$functionName|)
   (DECLARE (SPECIAL |$body| |$functionName| |$argumentConditionList|))
@@ -4634,12 +4626,11 @@
                                       (CONS |op|
                                        (CONS '|%d|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          " is local and exported")
+                                                                                   " is local and exported"
                                          NIL)))))))
                                  (INTERN (STRCONC
                                           (|encodeItem| |$prefix|)
-                                          (MAKESTRING ";")
+                                          ";"
                                           (|encodeItem| |op|))))
                                 ((AND (|isPackageFunction|)
                                       (NEQUAL (KAR |$functorForm|)
@@ -4648,7 +4639,7 @@
                                    ((NULL |opmodes|)
                                     (|userError|
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING "no modemap for ")
+                                      "no modemap for "
                                       (CONS |op| NIL)))))
                                  (COND
                                    ((AND (PAIRP |opmodes|)
@@ -4717,21 +4708,20 @@
                    (COND
                      ((NULL |unew|)
                       (|sayBrightly|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "   Error: Item did not previously exist")
+                          (CONS                                     "   Error: Item did not previously exist"
                                 NIL))
                       (|sayBrightly|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Item not saved: ")
+                          (CONS "   Item not saved: "
                                 (|bright| (ELT |u| 0))))
                       (|sayBrightly|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "   What's there is: ")
+                          (CONS "   What's there is: "
                                 (CONS |$lisplibItemsAlreadyThere| NIL)))
                       NIL)
                      ('T
                       (|sayBrightly|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Renaming ")
+                          (CONS "   Renaming "
                                 (CONS (ELT |u| 0)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " as ")
+                                      (CONS " as "
                                        (CONS |unew| NIL)))))
                       (SPADLET |u| (CONS |unew| (CDR |u|)))
                       (SPADLET |$savableItems|
@@ -4783,9 +4773,9 @@
              (COND
                ((CONTAINED (INTERN "" "BOOT") |body|)
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "  ")
+                    (CONS "  "
                           (APPEND (|bright| |nam|)
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING " not compiled")
+                                  (CONS " not compiled"
                                         NIL)))))
                ('T
                 (COND
@@ -4806,10 +4796,10 @@
                                    (CONS (MKQ '|SPADreplace|)
                                     (CONS (MKQ |nam'|) NIL)))))
                    (|sayBrightly|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "     ")
+                       (CONS "     "
                              (APPEND (|bright| |nam|)
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING "is replaced by")
+                                      "is replaced by"
                                       (|bright| |nam'|))))))
                   ((AND (OR (ATOM |body|)
                             (PROG (G169410)
@@ -4843,10 +4833,10 @@
                                    (CONS (MKQ '|SPADreplace|)
                                     (CONS (MKQ |macform|) NIL)))))
                    (|sayBrightly|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "     ")
+                       (CONS "     "
                              (APPEND (|bright| |nam|)
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING "is replaced by")
+                                      "is replaced by"
                                       (|bright| |body|))))))
                   ('T NIL))
                 (COND
@@ -5047,7 +5037,7 @@
                                          (CONS
                                           (MKQ (CAR |functorForm|))
                                           (CONS ''|%d|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "from")
+                                           (CONS "from"
                                             (CONS ''|%b|
                                              (CONS
                                               (MKQ
@@ -5055,8 +5045,7 @@
                                                 |sourceFile|))
                                               (CONS ''|%d|
                                                (CONS
-                                                (MAKESTRING
-                                                 "needs to be compiled")
+                                                                                                 "needs to be compiled"
                                                 NIL)))))))))
                                        NIL))
                                 NIL))
@@ -5127,7 +5116,7 @@
                                                 (CAR |$functorForm|))
                                                (CONS ''|%d|
                                                 (CONS
-                                                 (MAKESTRING "from")
+                                                 "from"
                                                  (CONS ''|%b|
                                                   (CONS
                                                    (MKQ
@@ -5135,8 +5124,7 @@
                                                      /EDITFILE))
                                                    (CONS ''|%d|
                                                     (CONS
-                                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                                      "needs to be compiled")
+                                                                                                           "needs to be compiled"
                                                      NIL)))))))))
                                             NIL))
                                           NIL))
@@ -5742,7 +5730,7 @@ Since we can't be sure we take the least disruptive course of action.
                          (PROGN (SETQ |dom| (CAR G170018)) NIL))
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (|sayBrightly|
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "   importing ")
+                                 (CONS "   importing "
                                        (|formatUnabbreviated| |dom|))))))
                 (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                          (|compOrCroak| |item| |$EmptyMode| |$e|))
@@ -5942,7 +5930,7 @@ Since we can't be sure we take the least disruptive course of action.
         (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                  (OR (|comp| |p| |$Boolean| |$e|)
                      (|userError|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "not a Boolean:")
+                         (CONS "not a Boolean:"
                                (CONS |p| NIL)))))
         (SPADLET |p'| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |$e| (CADDR |LETTMP#1|))
@@ -6249,7 +6237,7 @@ Since we can't be sure we take the least disruptive course of action.
                          (|mkExplicitCategoryFunction|
                              |domainOrPackage| |$sigList| |$atList|))
                 (CONS |rep| (CONS |m| (CONS |e| NIL))))
-               ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "compCategory")))))))))
+               ('T (|systemErrorHere| "compCategory"))))))))
 
 ;mkExplicitCategoryFunction(domainOrPackage,sigList,atList) ==
 ;  body:=
diff --git a/src/interp/format.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/format.lisp.pamphlet
index 5786184..ad17955 100644
--- a/src/interp/format.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/format.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
                                      (CONS '|%b|
                                       (CONS |op|
                                        (CONS '|%d|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))))))))
+                                        (CONS ":" NIL))))))))))
              (DO ((G166070 |modemaps| (CDR G166070))
                   (|modemap| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166070)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
            (SPADLET |sig|
                     (CONS (CONS '|Union|
                                 (CONS |b|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "failed") NIL)))
+                                      (CONS "failed" NIL)))
                           |c|))
            (SPADLET |mm|
                     (CONS (CONS |x| |sig|)
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
            (SPADLET |sig|
                     (CONS (CONS '|Union|
                                 (CONS |b|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "failed") NIL)))
+                                      (CONS "failed" NIL)))
                           |c|))
            (SPADLET |mm| (CONS (CONS |x| |sig|) (CONS |y| |z|))))
           ('T NIL))
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
         (SPADLET |fromPart|
                  (COND
                    ((AND (BOOT-EQUAL |dc| 'D) D)
-                    (|concat| '|%b| (MAKESTRING "from") '|%d|
+                    (|concat| '|%b| "from" '|%d|
                         (|prefix2String| D)))
                    ('T
                     (|concat| '|%b| "from" '|%d|
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
         (COND
           ((> (PLUS (|sayWidth| |firstPart|) (|sayWidth| |fromPart|))
               74)
-           (SPADLET |fromPart| (|concat| (MAKESTRING " ") |fromPart|))
+           (SPADLET |fromPart| (|concat| " " |fromPart|))
            (SPADLET |secondPart|
                     (COND
                       ((> 75
@@ -692,11 +692,11 @@
                                   (SPADLET |mmsU| (CONS |mm| |mmsU|))))))))
                 (COND
                   (|mmsE| (|reportOpSymbol,sayMms| |op| |mmsE|
-                              (MAKESTRING "exposed"))))
+                              "exposed")))
                 (COND
                   (|mmsU| (COND (|mmsE| (|sayNewLine|)))
                           (|reportOpSymbol,sayMms| |op| |mmsU|
-                              (MAKESTRING "unexposed"))))
+                              "unexposed")))
                 (DO ((G166512 |domlist| (CDR G166512))
                      (|adom| NIL))
                     ((OR (ATOM G166512)
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |formatOpConstant| (|op|)
   (|concat| '|%b| (|formatOpSymbol| |op| '($)) '|%d|
-      (MAKESTRING ": constant")))
+      ": constant"))
 
 ;formatOpSymbol(op,sig) ==
 ;  if op = 'Zero then op := "0"
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@
                 ((EQL |n| 3)
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| 'SEGMENT)
-                    (SPADLET |op| (MAKESTRING ".."))))
+                    (SPADLET |op| "..")))
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|in|)
                     (CONS |quad|
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@
   (PROG (|ISTMP#1| |op| |ISTMP#2| |ISTMP#3| |sig|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((AND (STRINGP |x|) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "*"))) '|"*"|)
+        ((AND (STRINGP |x|) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| "*")) '|"*"|)
         ((ATOM |x|) (|formatOpSymbol| |x| NIL))
         ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) '|:|)
               (PROGN
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@
          (COND
            ((AND (EQ |y| |y1|) (EQ |z| |z1|)) |x|)
            ('T (CONS |y1| |z1|))))
-        ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '$) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "$")))
+        ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '$) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| "$"))
          '%%)
         ('T |x|)))))
 
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((NULL |sig|) '|() -> ()|)
-        ((INTEGERP |sig|) (MAKESTRING "hashcode"))
+        ((INTEGERP |sig|) "hashcode")
         ('T (SPADLET |tm| (CAR |sig|)) (SPADLET |sml| (CDR |sig|))
          (SPADLET |sourcePart| (|formatSignatureArgs0| |sml|))
          (SPADLET |targetPart| (|prefix2String0| |tm|))
@@ -1425,9 +1425,9 @@
                      |u1|))
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|:|)
                  (COND
-                   ((NULL |argl|) (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))
+                   ((NULL |argl|) (CONS ":" NIL))
                    ((NULL (CDR |argl|))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING ":")
+                    (CONS ":"
                           (CONS (|form2String1| (CAR |argl|)) NIL)))
                    ('T
                     (|formDecl2String| (ELT |argl| 0) (ELT |argl| 1)))))
@@ -1473,12 +1473,12 @@
                      (|rbrkSch|)))
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| 'SEGMENT)
                  (COND
-                   ((NULL |argl|) (MAKESTRING ".."))
+                   ((NULL |argl|) "..")
                    ('T (SPADLET |lo| (|form2String1| (CAR |argl|)))
                     (SPADLET |argl| (CDR |argl|))
                     (COND
                       ((OR (NULL |argl|) (NULL (CAR |argl|)))
-                       (CONS |lo| (CONS (MAKESTRING "..") NIL)))
+                       (CONS |lo| (CONS ".." NIL)))
                       ('T
                        (CONS |lo|
                              (CONS ".."
@@ -1516,8 +1516,8 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((EQL |$formatSigAsTeX| 1) |id|)
-        ((EQL |$formatSigAsTeX| 2) (SPADLET |sep| (MAKESTRING "`"))
-         (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "\\verb~a~a~a") |sep| |id| |sep|))
+        ((EQL |$formatSigAsTeX| 2) (SPADLET |sep| "`")
+         (FORMAT NIL "\\verb~a~a~a" |sep| |id| |sep|))
         ('T (|error| '|Bad formatSigValue|))))))
 
 ;formArguments2String(argl,ml) == [fn(x,m) for x in argl for m in ml] where
@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@
         (COND
           ((AND (NE |$whereList| |whereBefore|) |$permitWhere|) |ls|)
           ('T
-           (|concat| (|form2StringLocal| |ls|) (MAKESTRING ": ") |rs|)))))))
+           (|concat| (|form2StringLocal| |ls|) ": " |rs|)))))))
 
 ;formJoin1(op,u) ==
 ;  if op = 'Join then [:argl,last] := u else (argl := nil; last := [op,:u])
@@ -1630,19 +1630,19 @@
                 (|member| |id| '(|mkCategory| CATEGORY)))
            (COND
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |$abbreviateJoin| 'T)
-              (|concat| (|formJoin2| |argl|) '|%b| (MAKESTRING "with")
-                  '|%d| (MAKESTRING "...")))
+              (|concat| (|formJoin2| |argl|) '|%b| "with"
+                  '|%d| "..."))
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |$permitWhere| 'T)
               (SPADLET |opList| (|formatJoinKey| |r| |id|))
               (SPADLET |$whereList|
                        (|concat| |$whereList| '|%l| |$declVar| '|: |
                            (|formJoin2| |argl|) '|%b|
-                           (MAKESTRING "with") '|%d| '|%i| |opList|
+                           "with" '|%d| '|%i| |opList|
                            '|%u|))
               (|formJoin2| |argl|))
              ('T (SPADLET |opList| (|formatJoinKey| |r| |id|))
               (SPADLET |suffix|
-                       (|concat| '|%b| (MAKESTRING "with") '|%d| '|%i|
+                       (|concat| '|%b| "with" '|%d| '|%i|
                            |opList| '|%u|))
               (|concat| (|formJoin2| |argl|) |suffix|))))
           ('T (|formJoin2| |u|)))))))
@@ -1758,12 +1758,12 @@
                                     (EXIT
                                      (SETQ G167130
                                       (APPEND G167130
-                                       (|concat| '|%l| (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                       (|concat| '|%l| " "
                                         (|form2StringLocal| |con|)
                                         (|formatIf| |pred|))))))))))
                             ('T NIL)))
                  (|concat| |opString| |catString|))
-                ('T (MAKESTRING "?? unknown mkCategory format ??"))))
+                ('T "?? unknown mkCategory format ??")))
              ('T
               (PROG (G167143)
                 (SPADLET G167143 NIL)
@@ -1821,7 +1821,7 @@
   (PROG ()
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((NULL |argl|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+             ((NULL |argl|) "")
              ((EQL 1 (|#| |argl|)) (|form2StringLocal| (ELT |argl| 0)))
              ('T
               (|application2String| '|Join|
@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@
                         '|)|))
            (COND
              ((EQL (|#| |argl|) 1)
-              (|concat| (CAR |argl|) (MAKESTRING " with ")
+              (|concat| (CAR |argl|) " with "
                   |postString|))
              ('T
               (|concat| (|application2String| '|Join| |argl| NIL)
@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@
                           (PROGN (SPADLET |f| (QCAR |l|)) 'T))
                      (|form2StringLocal| |f|))
                     ('T NIL)))
-         (|concat| '|for | |y| '| in | |s| (MAKESTRING "..") |tail|))
+         (|concat| '|for | |y| '| in | |s| ".." |tail|))
         ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) '|tails|)
               (PROGN
                 (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |x|))
@@ -2052,8 +2052,8 @@
                                     '("failed" "nil" "prime" "sqfr"
                                       "irred"))
                                 (SPADLET |x|
-                                         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\"") |x|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "\"")))))
+                                         (STRCONC "\"" |x|
+                                          "\""))))
                              (SPADLET |string|
                                       (|concat| |string|
                                        (|concat| '|,|
@@ -2067,7 +2067,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |script2String| (|s|)
   (COND
-    ((NULL |s|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+    ((NULL |s|) "")
     ('T (COND ((NULL (PAIRP |s|)) (SPADLET |s| (CONS |s| NIL))))
      (|linearFormatForm| (CAR |s|) (CDR |s|)))))
 
@@ -2346,13 +2346,13 @@
         ((OR (EQL 1 (SIZE (SPADLET |op'| (PNAME |op|))))
              (NEQUAL (|char| '*) (ELT |op'| 0)))
          NIL)
-        ((NULL (SPADLET |e| (STRPOS (MAKESTRING ";") |op'| 1 NIL)))
+        ((NULL (SPADLET |e| (STRPOS ";" |op'| 1 NIL)))
          NIL)
         ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL (|char| '| |) (SPADLET |y| (ELT |op'| 1)))
              (BOOT-EQUAL (|char| '*) |y|))
          NIL)
         ('T
-         (SPADLET |table| (MAKETRTTABLE (MAKESTRING "0123456789") NIL))
+         (SPADLET |table| (MAKETRTTABLE "0123456789" NIL))
          (SPADLET |s| (STRPOSL |table| |op'| 1 'T))
          (COND
            ((OR (NULL |s|) (> |s| |e|)) NIL)
@@ -2398,12 +2398,12 @@
                 '| | (CAR |argl|)))))
         ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| 'SEGMENT)
          (COND
-           ((NULL |argl|) (MAKESTRING ".."))
+           ((NULL |argl|) "..")
            ((OR (NULL (CDR |argl|)) (NULL (CAR (CDR |argl|))))
-            (|concat| (CAR |argl|) (MAKESTRING "..")))
+            (|concat| (CAR |argl|) ".."))
            ('T
             (|concat| (CAR |argl|)
-                (|concat| (MAKESTRING "..") (CAR (CDR |argl|)))))))
+                (|concat| ".." (CAR (CDR |argl|)))))))
         ('T
          (|concat| (|app2StringWrap| (|formWrapId| |op|) |linkInfo|)
              (|concat| '|(| (|concat| (|tuple2String| |argl|) '|)|))))))))
@@ -2453,7 +2453,7 @@
                                              ('T
                                               (|app2StringConcat0|
                                                G167632 G167633)))))))))))
-              (SPADLET |sep| (MAKESTRING "`"))
+              (SPADLET |sep| "`")
               (FORMAT NIL "\\lispLink{\\verb!(|conPage| '~a)!}{~a}"
                       |str2| |string|))
              ('T (|error| '|Bad value for $formatSigAsTeX|)))))))
@@ -2484,7 +2484,7 @@
                                    (|concat| |argPart| '|,| |a| '|: |
                                     (|form2StringLocal| |b|))))))
              (COND
-               ((NULL |argPart|) (MAKESTRING "Record()"))
+               ((NULL |argPart|) "Record()")
                ('T (|concat| '|Record(| (CDR |argPart|) '|)|))))))))
 
 ;plural(n,string) ==
@@ -2719,7 +2719,7 @@
                      (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |x|))
                      (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|) (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#1|) NIL)
                           (PROGN (SPADLET |l| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T))))
-              (|concat| (MAKESTRING "not ") (|pred2English| |l|)))
+              (|concat| "not " (|pred2English| |l|)))
              ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                    (PROGN
                      (SPADLET |op| (QCAR |x|))
@@ -2734,7 +2734,7 @@
                                    (SPADLET |b| (QCAR |ISTMP#2|))
                                    'T)))))
                    (|member| |op| '(|has| |ofCategory|)))
-              (|concat| (|pred2English| |a|) '|%b| (MAKESTRING "has")
+              (|concat| (|pred2English| |a|) '|%b| "has"
                   '|%d| (|form2String| (|abbreviate| |b|))))
              ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                    (PROGN
@@ -2752,7 +2752,7 @@
                    (|member| |op|
                        '(|HasSignature| |HasAttribute| |HasCategory|)))
               (|concat| (|prefix2String0| (|formatPredParts| |a|))
-                  '|%b| (MAKESTRING "has") '|%d|
+                  '|%b| "has" '|%d|
                   (|prefix2String0| (|formatPredParts| |b|))))
              ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                    (PROGN
@@ -2778,7 +2778,7 @@
                                (SPADLET |b'| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                'T))))
                  (SPADLET |b| |b'|)))
-              (|concat| (|pred2English| |a|) (MAKESTRING ": ")
+              (|concat| (|pred2English| |a|) ": "
                   (|form2String| (|abbreviate| |b|))))
              ((AND (PAIRP |x|)
                    (PROGN
@@ -2794,7 +2794,7 @@
                                    (SPADLET |b| (QCAR |ISTMP#2|))
                                    'T)))))
                    (|member| |op| '(|isDomain| |domainEqual|)))
-              (|concat| (|pred2English| |a|) (MAKESTRING " = ")
+              (|concat| (|pred2English| |a|) " = "
                   (|form2String| (|abbreviate| |b|))))
              ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (PROGN (SPADLET |op| (QCAR |x|)) 'T)
                    (SPADLET |translation|
@@ -2823,7 +2823,7 @@
   (COND
     ((STRINGP |x|) |x|)
     ((IDENTP |x|) (PNAME |x|))
-    ((NULL |x|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+    ((NULL |x|) "")
     ((PAIRP |x|)
      (STRCONC (|object2String| (CAR |x|)) (|object2String| (CDR |x|))))
     ('T (WRITE-TO-STRING |x|))))
@@ -2884,7 +2884,7 @@
              (COND
                ((NULL (PAIRP |keyStuff|))
                 (SPADLET |keyStuff| (CONS |keyStuff| NIL))))
-             (SPADLET |allMsgs| (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") NIL))
+             (SPADLET |allMsgs| (CONS " " NIL))
              (DO () ((NULL (NULL (NULL |keyStuff|))) NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (SPADLET |dbN| NIL)
@@ -3007,12 +3007,12 @@
                      'T))
               (COND
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| 'QUOTE)
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "(QUOTE ")
+                 (CONS "(QUOTE "
                        (APPEND (|form2FenceQuote| (CAR |argl|))
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL))))
+                               (CONS ")" NIL))))
                 ('T
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
-                       (CONS (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "|~a|") |op|)
+                 (CONS "("
+                       (CONS (FORMAT NIL "|~a|" |op|)
                              (APPEND (PROG (G168166)
                                        (SPADLET G168166 NIL)
                                        (RETURN
@@ -3031,9 +3031,9 @@
                                              (SETQ G168166
                                               (APPEND G168166
                                                (|form2Fence1| |y|))))))))
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL)))))))
-             ((IDENTP |x|) (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "|~a|") |x|))
-             ('T (CONS (MAKESTRING "  ") (CONS |x| NIL))))))))
+                                     (CONS ")" NIL)))))))
+             ((IDENTP |x|) (FORMAT NIL "|~a|" |x|))
+             ('T (CONS "  " (CONS |x| NIL))))))))
 
 ;form2FenceQuote x ==
 ;  NUMBERP x => [STRINGIMAGE x]
@@ -3044,10 +3044,10 @@
 (DEFUN |form2FenceQuote| (|x|)
   (COND
     ((NUMBERP |x|) (CONS (STRINGIMAGE |x|) NIL))
-    ((SYMBOLP |x|) (CONS (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "|~a|") |x|) NIL))
-    ((ATOM |x|) (MAKESTRING "??"))
+    ((SYMBOLP |x|) (CONS (FORMAT NIL "|~a|" |x|) NIL))
+    ((ATOM |x|) "??")
     ('T
-     (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+     (CONS "("
            (APPEND (|form2FenceQuote| (CAR |x|))
                    (|form2FenceQuoteTail| (CDR |x|)))))))
 
@@ -3058,12 +3058,12 @@
 
 (DEFUN |form2FenceQuoteTail| (|x|)
   (COND
-    ((NULL |x|) (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL))
+    ((NULL |x|) (CONS ")" NIL))
     ((ATOM |x|)
-     (CONS (MAKESTRING " . ")
-           (APPEND (|form2FenceQuote| |x|) (CONS (MAKESTRING ")") NIL))))
+     (CONS " . "
+           (APPEND (|form2FenceQuote| |x|) (CONS ")" NIL))))
     ('T
-     (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+     (CONS " "
            (APPEND (|form2FenceQuote| (CAR |x|))
                    (|form2FenceQuoteTail| (CDR |x|)))))))
 
diff --git a/src/interp/fortcall.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/fortcall.lisp.pamphlet
index 72cc979..9453747 100644
--- a/src/interp/fortcall.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/fortcall.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
                  (MAKE-OUTSTREAM (STRCONC |file| (INTERN ".c" "BOOT"))))
         (|writeCFile| |name| |args| |fortranArgs| |dummies| |decls|
             |results| |returnType| |asps| |fp|)
-        (COND ((NULL |dir|) (SPADLET |dir| (MAKESTRING "."))))
+        (COND ((NULL |dir|) (SPADLET |dir| ".")))
         (COND
           (|asps| (SYSTEM (STRCONC '|cc -c | |file|
                                    (INTERN ".c ; mv " "BOOT") |file|
@@ -318,23 +318,22 @@
   (declare (special |$addUnderscoreToFortranNames|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "#include <stdio.h>") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "#include <sys/select.h>") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "#include <rpc/rpc.h>") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "#ifndef NULL") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "#define NULL 0") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "#endif  NULL") |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "#include <stdio.h>" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "#include <sys/select.h>" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "#include <rpc/rpc.h>" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "#ifndef NULL" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "#define NULL 0" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "#endif  NULL" |fp|)
              (WRITE-LINE
-                 (MAKESTRING "#define MAX_ARRAY(x) (x ? x :  20000)")
+                 "#define MAX_ARRAY(x) (x ? x :  20000)"
                  |fp|)
              (WRITE-LINE
-                 (MAKESTRING
-         "#define CHECK(x) if (!x) {fprintf(stderr,\"xdr failed\"); exit(1);}")
+          "#define CHECK(x) if (!x) {fprintf(stderr,\"xdr failed\"); exit(1);}"
                  |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "void main()") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "{") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "  XDR xdrs;") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "  {") |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "void main()" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "{" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "  XDR xdrs;" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "  {" |fp|)
              (COND
                (|$addUnderscoreToFortranNames|
                    (SPADLET |routineName| (STRCONC |name| (STRING 95))))
@@ -343,13 +342,13 @@
                (|returnType|
                    (SPADLET |returnName|
                             (INTERN (STRCONC |name| '|_result|)))
-                   (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ")
+                   (|wl| (CONS "    "
                                (CONS (|getCType| |returnType|)
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                     (CONS " "
                                       (CONS |returnName|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ",")
+                                       (CONS ","
                                         (CONS |routineName|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "();") NIL)))))))
+                                         (CONS "();" NIL)))))))
                          |fp|)))
              (SPADLET |argList| NIL)
              (DO ((G166252 |args| (CDR G166252)) (|a| NIL))
@@ -368,9 +367,7 @@
                             (|printDec| (SECOND (CAR |argList|)) |a|
                                 |asps| |fp|)))))
              (SPADLET |argList| (NREVERSE |argList|))
-             (WRITE-LINE
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     "    xdrstdio_create(&xdrs, stdin, XDR_DECODE);")
+             (WRITE-LINE"    xdrstdio_create(&xdrs, stdin, XDR_DECODE);"
                  |fp|)
              (DO ((G166263 |argList| (CDR G166263)) (|a| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166263)
@@ -385,16 +382,16 @@
                             (COND
                               ((NULL (MEMQ (CAR |a|)
                                       (APPEND |dummies| |asps|)))
-                               (|writeXDR| |a| (MAKESTRING "&xdrs")
+                               (|writeXDR| |a| "&xdrs"
                                    |fp|)))))))
              (COND
                (|returnType|
-                   (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ")
+                   (|wt| (CONS "    "
                                (CONS |returnName|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "=") NIL)))
+                                     (CONS "=" NIL)))
                          |fp|))
-               ('T (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ") NIL) |fp|)))
-             (|wt| (CONS |routineName| (CONS (MAKESTRING "(") NIL))
+               ('T (|wt| (CONS "    " NIL) |fp|)))
+             (|wt| (CONS |routineName| (CONS "(" NIL))
                    |fp|)
              (COND
                ((CAR |fortranArgs|)
@@ -407,21 +404,19 @@
                       (PROGN (SETQ |a| (CAR G166274)) NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (PRINC (MAKESTRING ",") |fp|)
+                            (PRINC "," |fp|)
                             (|printCName| |a|
                                 (|isPointer?| |a| |decls|) |asps| |fp|)))))
              (|writeStringLengths| |fortranArgs| |decls| |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING ");") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE
-                 (MAKESTRING
-                     "    xdrstdio_create(&xdrs, stdout, XDR_ENCODE);")
+             (WRITE-LINE ");" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "    xdrstdio_create(&xdrs, stdout, XDR_ENCODE);"
                  |fp|)
              (COND
                (|returnType|
                    (|writeXDR|
                        (CONS |returnName|
                              (CONS (|getCType| |returnType|) NIL))
-                       (MAKESTRING "&xdrs") |fp|)))
+                       "&xdrs" |fp|)))
              (DO ((G166283 |results| (CDR G166283)) (|r| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166283)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |r| (CAR G166283)) NIL))
@@ -432,10 +427,10 @@
                                      (|getCType|
                                       (|getFortranType| |r| |decls|))
                                      NIL))
-                              (MAKESTRING "&xdrs") |fp|))))
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "    exit(0);") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "  }") |fp|)
-             (WRITE-LINE (MAKESTRING "}") |fp|))))))
+                              "&xdrs" |fp|))))
+             (WRITE-LINE "    exit(0);" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "  }" |fp|)
+             (WRITE-LINE "}" |fp|))))))
 
 ;writeStringLengths(fortranArgs,decls,fp) ==
 ;  for a in fortranArgs repeat
@@ -448,9 +443,9 @@
             NIL)
          (SEQ (EXIT (COND
                       ((|isString?| |a| |decls|)
-                       (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING ",&")
+                       (|wt| (CONS ",&"
                                    (CONS |a|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "_length") NIL)))
+                                    (CONS "_length" NIL)))
                              |fp|))
                       ('T NIL)))))))
 
@@ -493,7 +488,7 @@
      (COND
        (|$addUnderscoreToFortranNames| (PRINC (STRING 95) |fp|))
        ('T NIL)))
-    ('T (COND ((NULL |ispointer|) (PRINC (MAKESTRING "&") |fp|)))
+    ('T (COND ((NULL |ispointer|) (PRINC "&" |fp|)))
      (PRINC |u| |fp|))))
 
 ;getFortranType(u,decls) ==
@@ -538,8 +533,7 @@
              (COND
                (|result| |result|)
                ('T
-                (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                   "Undeclared Fortran parameter: ")
+                (|error| (CONS "Undeclared Fortran parameter: "
                                (CONS |u| NIL))))))))))
 
 ;getCType t ==
@@ -565,25 +559,25 @@
     ((LISTP |t|)
      (COND
        ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |t|) '|character|)
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "char") (CDR |t|)))
+        (CONS "char" (CDR |t|)))
        ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |t|) '|complex|)
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "float") (CONS 2 (CDR |t|))))
+        (CONS "float" (CONS 2 (CDR |t|))))
        ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |t|) '|double complex|)
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "double") (CONS 2 (CDR |t|))))
+        (CONS "double" (CONS 2 (CDR |t|))))
        ('T (CONS (|getCType| (CAR |t|)) (CDR |t|)))))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|double|) (MAKESTRING "double"))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|double precision|) (MAKESTRING "double"))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|integer|) (MAKESTRING "int"))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|real|) (MAKESTRING "float"))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|logical|) (MAKESTRING "int"))
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|double|) "double")
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|double precision|) "double")
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|integer|) "int")
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|real|) "float")
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|logical|) "int")
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|character|)
-     (CONS (MAKESTRING "char") (CONS 1 NIL)))
+     (CONS "char" (CONS 1 NIL)))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|complex|)
-     (CONS (MAKESTRING "float") (CONS 2 NIL)))
+     (CONS "float" (CONS 2 NIL)))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| '|double complex|)
-     (CONS (MAKESTRING "double") (CONS 2 NIL)))
+     (CONS "double" (CONS 2 NIL)))
     ('T
-     (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unrecognised Fortran type: ")
+     (|error| (CONS "Unrecognised Fortran type: "
                     (CONS |t| NIL))))))
 
 ;XDRFun t ==
@@ -597,9 +591,9 @@
       (COND
         ((LISTP (SPADLET |ty| (SECOND |t|)))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |ty|) (MAKESTRING "char"))
-            (MAKESTRING "wrapstring"))
-           ('T (MAKESTRING "array"))))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |ty|) "char")
+            "wrapstring")
+           ('T "array")))
         ('T |ty|)))))
 
 ;printDec(type,dec,asps,fp) ==
@@ -619,9 +613,9 @@
 (DEFUN |printDec| (|type| |dec| |asps| |fp|)
   (declare (special |$addUnderscoreToFortranNames|))
   (PROGN
-    (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ")
+    (|wt| (CONS "    "
                 (CONS (COND ((LISTP |type|) (CAR |type|)) ('T |type|))
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") NIL)))
+                      (CONS " " NIL)))
           |fp|)
     (COND
       ((|member| |dec| |asps|)
@@ -629,21 +623,21 @@
          (|$addUnderscoreToFortranNames|
              (|wl| (CONS |dec|
                          (CONS (STRING 95)
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "();") NIL)))
+                               (CONS "();" NIL)))
                    |fp|))
-         ('T (|wl| (CONS |dec| (CONS (MAKESTRING "();") NIL)) |fp|))))
+         ('T (|wl| (CONS |dec| (CONS "();" NIL)) |fp|))))
       ((LISTP |type|)
-       (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "*")
-                   (CONS |dec| (CONS (MAKESTRING " = NULL;") NIL)))
+       (|wl| (CONS "*"
+                   (CONS |dec| (CONS " = NULL;" NIL)))
              |fp|)
-       (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    u_int ")
-                   (CONS |dec| (CONS (MAKESTRING "_length = 0;") NIL)))
+       (|wl| (CONS "    u_int "
+                   (CONS |dec| (CONS "_length = 0;" NIL)))
              |fp|))
-      ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| (MAKESTRING "char"))
-       (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "*")
-                   (CONS |dec| (CONS (MAKESTRING " = NULL;") NIL)))
+      ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| "char")
+       (|wl| (CONS "*"
+                   (CONS |dec| (CONS " = NULL;" NIL)))
              |fp|))
-      ('T (|wl| (CONS |dec| (CONS (MAKESTRING ";") NIL)) |fp|)))))
+      ('T (|wl| (CONS |dec| (CONS ";" NIL)) |fp|)))))
 
 ;writeXDR(v,str,fp) ==
 ;  -- Generate the calls to the filters which will read from the temp
@@ -661,30 +655,30 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |underscore| (STRING (CHAR '|_:| 0)))
-        (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    CHECK(xdr")
+        (|wt| (CONS "    CHECK(xdr"
                     (CONS |underscore|
                           (CONS (|XDRFun| |v|)
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
+                                (CONS "("
                                       (CONS |str|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ",&")
+                                       (CONS ",&"
                                         (CONS (CAR |v|) NIL)))))))
               |fp|)
         (COND
           ((AND (LISTP (SPADLET |ty| (SECOND |v|)))
-                (NULL (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |ty|) (MAKESTRING "char"))))
-           (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING ",&")
+                (NULL (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |ty|) "char")))
+           (|wt| (CONS ",&"
                        (CONS (CAR |v|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "_length,MAX_ARRAY(")
+                             (CONS "_length,MAX_ARRAY("
                                    (CONS (CAR |v|)
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "_length),") NIL)))))
+                                    (CONS "_length)," NIL)))))
                  |fp|)
-           (|wt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "sizeof(")
+           (|wt| (CONS "sizeof("
                        (CONS (CAR |ty|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "),xdr")
+                             (CONS "),xdr"
                                    (CONS |underscore|
                                     (CONS (CAR |ty|) NIL)))))
                  |fp|)))
-        (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "));") NIL) |fp|)))))
+        (|wl| (CONS "));" NIL) |fp|)))))
 
 ;prefix2Infix(l) ==
 ;  atom(l) => [l]
@@ -706,8 +700,7 @@
                          (APPEND (|prefix2Infix| (THIRD |l|))
                                  (CONS '|)| NIL))))))
     ('T
-     (|error| (MAKESTRING
-                  "Function in array dimensions with more than two arguments")))))
+     (|error| "Function in array dimensions with more than two arguments"))))
 
 ;writeMalloc(name,type,dims,fp) ==
 ;  -- Write out a malloc for array arguments
@@ -724,9 +717,9 @@
   (PROG ()
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ")
+             (|wl| (CONS "    "
                          (CONS |name|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "_length=")
+                               (CONS "_length="
                                      (CONS
                                       (|prefix2Infix| (CAR |dims|))
                                       (APPEND
@@ -749,35 +742,31 @@
                                                 (APPEND G166377
                                                  (CONS '*
                                                   (|prefix2Infix| |u|)))))))))
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING ";") NIL))))))
+                                       (CONS ";" NIL))))))
                    |fp|)
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| (MAKESTRING "char"))
-                (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ")
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| "char")
+                (|wl| (CONS "    "
                             (CONS |name|
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "=(")
+                                  (CONS "=("
                                         (CONS |type|
                                          (CONS '| *)malloc((1+|
                                           (CONS |name|
-                                           (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "_length)*sizeof(")
+                                           (CONS "_length)*sizeof("
                                             (CONS |type|
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "));")
+                                             (CONS "));"
                                               NIL)))))))))
                       |fp|))
                ('T
-                (|wl| (CONS (MAKESTRING "    ")
+                (|wl| (CONS "    "
                             (CONS |name|
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "=(")
+                                  (CONS "=("
                                         (CONS |type|
                                          (CONS '| *)malloc(|
                                           (CONS |name|
-                                           (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "_length*sizeof(")
+                                           (CONS "_length*sizeof("
                                             (CONS |type|
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "));")
+                                             (CONS "));"
                                               NIL)))))))))
                       |fp|))))))))
 
@@ -854,8 +843,8 @@
         (CONS '|ThreeDimensionalMatrix|
               (CONS (|spadTypeTTT| (CAR |u|)) NIL)))
        ('T
-        (|error| (MAKESTRING
-                     "Can only handle one-, two- and three-dimensional matrices")))))
+        (|error|
+          "Can only handle one-, two- and three-dimensional matrices"))))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |u| '|double|) (CONS '|DoubleFloat| NIL))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |u| '|double precision|) (CONS '|DoubleFloat| NIL))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |u| '|real|) (CONS '|DoubleFloat| NIL))
@@ -867,7 +856,7 @@
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |u| '|double complex|)
      (CONS '|Complex| (CONS (CONS '|DoubleFloat| NIL) NIL)))
     ('T
-     (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unrecognised Fortran type: ")
+     (|error| (CONS "Unrecognised Fortran type: "
                     (CONS |u| NIL))))))
 
 ;mkQuote l ==
@@ -1020,7 +1009,7 @@
                                         (CONS
                                          (INTERN
                                           (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |u|)
-                                           (MAKESTRING "_arg")))
+                                           "_arg"))
                                          G166484))))))))
              (SPADLET |aType|
                       (PROG (G166499)
@@ -1081,7 +1070,7 @@
                                            (CONS
                                             (INTERN
                                              (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |u|)
-                                              (MAKESTRING "_arg")))
+                                              "_arg"))
                                             G166530))))))))))
              (DO ((G166545 |asps| (CDR G166545)) (|u| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166545)
@@ -1091,7 +1080,7 @@
                                    (|delete|
                                     (INTERN
                                      (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |u|)
-                                      (MAKESTRING "_arg")))
+                                      "_arg"))
                                     |fargNames|)))))
              (SPADLET |resPar|
                       (CONS '|construct|
@@ -1133,8 +1122,8 @@
              (COND
                (|asps| (SPADLET |aspId|
                                 (STRCONC (|getEnv|
-                                          (MAKESTRING "SPADNUM"))
-                                         (GENTEMP (MAKESTRING "NAG"))))
+                                          "SPADNUM")
+                                         (GENTEMP "NAG")))
                        (SPADLET |body|
                                 (CONS 'SEQ
                                       (APPEND
@@ -1320,14 +1309,14 @@
   (CONS (CONS (CONS '|$elt|
                     (CONS 'FOP (CONS '|pushFortranOutputStack| NIL)))
               (CONS (CONS '|filename|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                          (CONS ""
                                 (CONS (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |asp|)
                                        |aspId|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "f") NIL))))
+                                      (CONS "f" NIL))))
                     NIL))
         (CONS (|makeOutputAsFortran|
                   (INTERN (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |asp|)
-                                   (MAKESTRING "_arg"))))
+                                   "_arg")))
               (CONS (CONS (CONS '|$elt|
                                 (CONS 'FOP
                                       (CONS '|popFortranOutputStack|
@@ -1380,13 +1369,13 @@
                                      (SETQ G166652
                                       (CONS
                                        (STRCONC (STRINGIMAGE |a|)
-                                        |aspId| (MAKESTRING ".f"))
+                                        |aspId| ".f")
                                        G166652))))))))
                        (CONS |$fortranCompilerName|
-                             (CONS (STRCONC |file| (MAKESTRING ".o"))
+                             (CONS (STRCONC |file| ".o")
                                    (CONS
                                     (STRCONC |file|
-                                     (MAKESTRING ".spadexe"))
+                                     ".spadexe")
                                     (CONS |$fortranLibraries| NIL))))))))))
 
 ;compileAndLink(fortFileList,fortCompiler,cFile,outFile,linkerArgs) ==
@@ -1791,8 +1780,7 @@
                                           |els|)))))))
                                  ('T
                                   (|error| (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "Can't cope with complex output dimensions higher than 2")
+                     "Can't cope with complex output dimensions higher than 2"
                                             NIL))))
                                (SPADLET |spadForms|
                                         (CONS
@@ -1887,8 +1875,7 @@
                                           |els|)))))))
                                  ('T
                                   (|error| (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "Can't cope with logical output dimensions higher than 2")
+                      "Can't cope with logical output dimensions higher than 2"
                                             NIL))))
                                (SPADLET |spadForms|
                                         (CONS
@@ -2035,8 +2022,7 @@
                                           |els|)))))))
                                  ('T
                                   (|error| (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "Can't cope with output dimensions higher than 3")
+                             "Can't cope with output dimensions higher than 3"
                                             NIL))))
                                (COND
                                  ((NULL (MEMQ 0 |dims|))
@@ -2062,9 +2048,7 @@
                                           |ty| |fort|)
                                          |spadForms|)))
                               ('T
-                               (|error| (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          "Unrecognised output format: ")
+                               (|error| (CONS "Unrecognised output format: "
                                          (CONS |fort| NIL)))))))))
              (NREVERSE |spadForms|))))))
 
@@ -2093,7 +2077,7 @@
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |u| '|complex|) 'SHORT-FLOAT)
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |u| '|double complex|) 'DOUBLE-FLOAT)
     ('T
-     (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING "Unrecognised Fortran type: ")
+     (|error| (CONS "Unrecognised Fortran type: "
                     (CONS |u| NIL))))))
 
 ;getVal(u,names,values) ==
@@ -2131,8 +2115,7 @@
              ((SPADLET |place| (POSITION |u| |names|))
               (NTH |place| |values|))
              ('T
-              (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "No value found for parameter: ")
+              (|error| (CONS "No value found for parameter: "
                              (CONS |u| NIL)))))))))
 
 ;prepareData(args,dummies,values,decls) ==
@@ -2260,8 +2243,7 @@
                (EXIT (|makeVector|
                          (CONS |longZero| (CONS |longZero| NIL))
                          'LONG-FLOAT)))
-           (EXIT (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "Unrecognised Fortran type: ")
+           (EXIT (|error| (CONS "Unrecognised Fortran type: "
                                 (CONS |type| NIL))))))))
 
 (DEFUN |prepareResults| (|results| |args| |dummies| |values| |decls|)
@@ -2515,18 +2497,18 @@
 
 (DEFUN |generateDataName| ()
   (declare (special |$fortranTmpDir|))
-  (STRCONC |$fortranTmpDir| (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "HOST"))
-           (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "SPADNUM"))
-           (GENTEMP (MAKESTRING "NAG")) (MAKESTRING "data")))
+  (STRCONC |$fortranTmpDir| (|getEnv| "HOST")
+           (|getEnv| "SPADNUM")
+           (GENTEMP "NAG") "data"))
 
 ;generateResultsName()==STRCONC($fortranTmpDir,getEnv('"HOST"),
 ;    getEnv('"SPADNUM"), GENTEMP('"NAG"),'"results")
 
 (DEFUN |generateResultsName| ()
   (declare (special |$fortranTmpDir|))
-  (STRCONC |$fortranTmpDir| (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "HOST"))
-           (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "SPADNUM"))
-           (GENTEMP (MAKESTRING "NAG")) (MAKESTRING "results")))
+  (STRCONC |$fortranTmpDir| (|getEnv| "HOST")
+           (|getEnv| "SPADNUM")
+           (GENTEMP "NAG") "results"))
 
 ;fortCall(objFile,data,results) ==
 ;  tmpFile1 := writeData(generateDataName(),data)
@@ -2621,8 +2603,8 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |nagMessagesString|
                  (COND
-                   (|$nagMessages| (MAKESTRING "on"))
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING "off"))))
+                   (|$nagMessages| "on")
+                   ('T "off")))
         (|writeData| |tmpFiled| |data|)
         (SPADLET |toSend|
                  (STRCONC |$nagHost| '| | |nfile| '| | |tmpFiler| '| |
@@ -2635,10 +2617,8 @@
           ((EQL (|sockGetInt| 8) 1)
            (SPADLET |results| (|readData| |tmpFiler| |results|)))
           ('T
-           (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                              "An error was detected while reading data: ")
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                "perhaps an incorrect array index was given ?")
+           (|error| (CONS "An error was detected while reading data: "
+                          (CONS "perhaps an incorrect array index was given ?"
                                 NIL)))))
         |results|))))
 
diff --git a/src/interp/functor.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/functor.lisp.pamphlet
index 15a34b6..95670e5 100644
--- a/src/interp/functor.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/functor.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@
                ('T
                 (SPADLET |$Sublis|
                          (CONS (CONS (|keyItem| D) '|original|) NIL))
-                (SAY (MAKESTRING
-    "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"))
+                (SAY     "-----------------------------------------------------------------------")
                 (|DomainPrint1| D NIL |env|)
                 (DO () ((NULL |$WhereList|) NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
@@ -88,15 +87,13 @@
                                        (PROGN
                                          (TERPRI)
                                          (SAY
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "Where ")
+                                          (CONS "Where "
                                            (CONS (CAR |u|)
-                                            (CONS (MAKESTRING " is:")
+                                            (CONS " is:"
                                              NIL))))
                                          (|DomainPrint1| (CDR |u|)
                                           |brief| |env|)))))))))
-                (SAY (MAKESTRING
-   "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
-                                                                     )))))))))
+                (SAY "-----------------------------------------------------------------------" )))))))))
 
 
 ;DomainPrint1(D,brief,$e) ==
@@ -172,7 +169,7 @@
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS (CDR |u|)
                                           (INTERNL
-                                           (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "View")
+                                           (STRCONC "View"
                                             (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
                                          G166124)))))))
                                |$Sublis|))
@@ -185,14 +182,12 @@
                              ((AND |brief| (> |i| 1)) NIL)
                              ('T (SPADLET |uu| (COPY-SEQ (CDR |u|)))
                               (SETELT |uu| 4
-                                      (MAKESTRING "This domain"))
+                                      "This domain")
                               (COND
                                 ((NULL |brief|)
-                                 (SAY (CONS (MAKESTRING "View number ")
+                                 (SAY (CONS "View number "
                                        (CONS |i|
-                                        (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                          " corresponding to categories:")
+                                        (CONS " corresponding to categories:"
                                          NIL))))
                                  (PRETTYPRINT (CAR |u|))))
                               (COND
@@ -237,9 +232,7 @@
                                 ((> |i| 1)
                                  (SETELT |uu| 1
                                          (SETELT |uu| 2
-                                          (SETELT |uu| 5
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            "As in first view"))))))
+                                          (SETELT |uu| 5 "As in first view")))))
                               (DO ((G166170 (MAXINDEX |uu|))
                                    (|i| 6 (+ |i| 1)))
                                   ((> |i| G166170) NIL)
@@ -309,7 +302,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |name|
-                 (INTERNL (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Where")
+                 (INTERNL (STRCONC "Where"
                                    (STRINGIMAGE |$WhereCounter|))))
         (SPADLET |$WhereCounter| (PLUS |$WhereCounter| 1))
         |name|))))
@@ -585,8 +578,7 @@
       (SEQ (COND
              ((ATOM |u|) |u|)
              ((NULL (ATOM (CAR |u|)))
-              (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                           "compCategories: need an atom in operator position")
+              (|error| (CONS "compCategories: need an atom in operator position"
                              (CONS (CAR |u|) NIL))))
              ((BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |u|) '|Record|)
               (CONS (CAR |u|)
@@ -641,20 +633,18 @@
              ('T (SPADLET |v| (|get| (CAR |u|) '|modemap| |$e|))
               (COND
                 ((ATOM |v|)
-                 (|error| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                   "compCategories: could not get proper modemap for operator")
+                 (|error| (CONS 
+                  "compCategories: could not get proper modemap for operator"
                                 (CONS (CAR |u|) NIL))))
                 ('T
                  (COND
                    ((CDR |v|)
                     (|sayBrightly|
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "compCategories: ")
+                        (CONS "compCategories: "
                               (CONS '|%b|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "Warning")
+                                    (CONS "Warning"
                                      (CONS '|%d|
-                                      (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                 "ignoring unexpected stuff at end of modemap")
+                                      (CONS "ignoring unexpected stuff at end of modemap"
                                        NIL))))))
                     (|pp| (CDR |v|))))
                  (COND
@@ -943,7 +933,7 @@
                 (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|) (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#1|) NIL)
                      (PROGN (SPADLET |v| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T))))
          |v|)
-        ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "optFunctorBodyRequote")))))))
+        ('T (|systemErrorHere| "optFunctorBodyRequote"))))))
 
 ;optFunctorPROGN l ==
 ;  l is [x,:l'] =>
@@ -1656,7 +1646,7 @@
            (SPADLET |$supplementaries| (S- |$supplementaries| |slist|))
            (PRETTYPRINT
                (CONS |instantiator|
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING " should solve") NIL)))
+                     (CONS " should solve" NIL)))
            (PRETTYPRINT |slist|)
            (SPADLET |slist|
                     (PROG (G167031)
@@ -2248,25 +2238,13 @@
                                                   (CONS
                                                    |instantiatedBase|
                                                    (CONS
-                                                    (INTERN
-                                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                                      "START1")
-                                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                                      "KEYWORD"))
+                                                    (INTERN "START1" "KEYWORD")
                                                     (CONS |count|
                                                      (CONS
-                                                      (INTERN
-                                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                                        "START2")
-                                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                                        "KEYWORD"))
+                                                      (INTERN "START2" "KEYWORD")
                                                       (CONS |i|
                                                        (CONS
-                                                        (INTERN
-                                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                                          "END2")
-                                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                                          "KEYWORD"))
+                                                        (INTERN "END2" "KEYWORD")
                                                         (CONS
                                                          (PLUS |j| 1)
                                                          NIL)))))))))
@@ -2697,7 +2675,7 @@
              ((AND (PAIRP |code|) (EQ (QCAR |code|) 'QSETREFV)) |code|)
              ('T
               (|stackWarning|
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "unknown Functor code ")
+                  (CONS "unknown Functor code "
                         (CONS |code| NIL)))
               |code|))))))
 
@@ -3134,7 +3112,7 @@
                               ((NULL |v|) NIL)
                               ((ATOM |v|)
                                (|systemErrorHere|
-                                   (MAKESTRING "CheckVector")))
+                                   "CheckVector"))
                               ((ATOM (CAR |v|))
                                (DO ((G168015 |$catNames|
                                      (CDR G168015))
@@ -4355,7 +4333,7 @@
                  (COND
                    ((EQL (LENGTH |l|) 1) (CAR |l|))
                    ('T (CONS 'OR |l|))))))
-             ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "ICformat"))))))))
+             ('T (|systemErrorHere| "ICformat")))))))
 
 ;partPessimise(a,trueconds) ==
 ;  atom a => a
@@ -4395,7 +4373,7 @@
              (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                       (OR (|compMakeCategoryObject| |u| |$e|)
                           (|systemErrorHere|
-                              (MAKESTRING "getPossibleViews"))))
+                              "getPossibleViews")))
              (SPADLET |vec| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
              (SPADLET |views|
                       (PROG (G168961)
@@ -4440,7 +4418,7 @@
              (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
                       (OR (|compMakeCategoryObject| |u| |$e|)
                           (|systemErrorHere|
-                              (MAKESTRING "getViewsConditions"))))
+                              "getViewsConditions")))
              (SPADLET |vec| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
              (SPADLET |views|
                       (PROG (G168990)
diff --git a/src/interp/g-boot.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/g-boot.lisp.pamphlet
index fc2e5ef..f2da45f 100644
--- a/src/interp/g-boot.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/g-boot.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@
             (MKPROGN (CONS |l1| (APPEND |l2| (CONS |name| NIL)))))))
         ('T
          (SPADLET |g|
-                  (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "LETTMP#")
+                  (INTERN (STRCONC "LETTMP#"
                                    (STRINGIMAGE |$letGenVarCounter|))))
          (SPADLET |$letGenVarCounter| (PLUS |$letGenVarCounter| 1))
          (SPADLET |rhs'| (CONS $LET (CONS |g| (CONS |rhs| NIL))))
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
          (SPADLET |patrev| (|defISReverse| |var2| |var1|))
          (SPADLET |rev| (CONS 'REVERSE (CONS |rhs| NIL)))
          (SPADLET |g|
-                  (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "LETTMP#")
+                  (INTERN (STRCONC "LETTMP#"
                                    (STRINGIMAGE |$letGenVarCounter|))))
          (SPADLET |$letGenVarCounter| (PLUS |$letGenVarCounter| 1))
          (SPADLET |l2| (|defLET2| |patrev| |g|))
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@
          (CONS 'EQUAL (CONS |lhs| (CONS |a| NIL))))
         ((PAIRP |lhs|)
          (SPADLET |g|
-                  (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "ISTMP#")
+                  (INTERN (STRCONC "ISTMP#"
                                    (STRINGIMAGE |$isGenVarCounter|))))
          (SPADLET |$isGenVarCounter| (PLUS |$isGenVarCounter| 1))
          (MKPROGN (CONS (CONS $LET (CONS |g| (CONS |lhs| NIL)))
diff --git a/src/interp/g-cndata.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/g-cndata.lisp.pamphlet
index ece9995..79474cc 100644
--- a/src/interp/g-cndata.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/g-cndata.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@
               (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IL0014
                   (CONS |op|
                         (CONS (|plural| (|#| |argtypes|)
-                                  (MAKESTRING "argument"))
+                                  "argument")
                               (CONS (|bright| (|#| |arglist|)) NIL)))))
              ('T
               (PROG (G166428)
diff --git a/src/interp/g-error.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/g-error.lisp.pamphlet
index 2040ed0..70ccab7 100644
--- a/src/interp/g-error.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/g-error.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
                                (EQ (QCAR |errorMsg|) '|mathprint|))
                           |errorMsg|)
                          ((NULL (PAIRP |errorMsg|))
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                          (CONS "   "
                                 (CONS |errorMsg| NIL)))
                          ('T (setq |splitmsg| 'T)
                           (COND
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
                                                (CONS '|%l|
                                                 (CONS "   "
                                                  (CONS |u| NIL))))))))))))
-                            ('T (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ") |errorMsg|))))))
+                            ('T (CONS "   " |errorMsg|))))))
               (|sayErrorly| |errorLabel| |msg|)
               (|handleLispBreakLoop| |$BreakMode|)))))))
 
@@ -308,11 +308,11 @@
       (PROGN
         (setq *STANDARD-OUTPUT* |$texOutputStream|)
         (setq |old| (|pushSatOutput| '|line|))
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\bgroup\\color{red}"))
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+        (|sayString| "\\bgroup\\color{red}")
+        (|sayString| "\\begin{verbatim}")
         (|sayErrorly1| |errorLabel| |msg|)
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\egroup"))
+        (|sayString| "\\end{verbatim}")
+        (|sayString| "\\egroup")
         (|popSatOutput| |old|)))))
 
 ;sayErrorly1(errorLabel, msg) ==
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
     (DECLARE (SPECIAL |$testingErrorPrefix|))
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " "))
+        (|sayBrightly| " ")
         (COND (|$testingSystem| (|sayMSG| |$testingErrorPrefix|)))
         (|sayBrightly|
             (CONS "   >> " (CONS |errorLabel| (CONS ":" NIL))))
diff --git a/src/interp/g-opt.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/g-opt.lisp.pamphlet
index 4eed8de..2c4a645 100644
--- a/src/interp/g-opt.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/g-opt.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -96,16 +96,16 @@
         (COND
           (|$reportOptimization|
               (|sayBrightlyI|
-                  (|bright| (MAKESTRING "Original LISP code:")))
+                  (|bright| "Original LISP code:"))
               (|pp| |def|)))
         (SPADLET |def'| (|optimize| (COPY |def|)))
         (COND
           (|$reportOptimization|
               (|sayBrightlyI|
-                  (|bright| (MAKESTRING "Optimized LISP code:")))
+                  (|bright| "Optimized LISP code:"))
               (|pp| |def'|)
               (|sayBrightlyI|
-                  (|bright| (MAKESTRING "Final LISP code:")))))
+                  (|bright| "Final LISP code:"))))
         (SPADLET |name| (CAR |def'|))
         (SPADLET |slamOrLam| (CAADR |def'|))
         (SPADLET |args| (CADADR |def'|))
@@ -169,8 +169,7 @@
                               (EXIT (RPLAC (CAR |x|) |body|)))
                           (IF (NULL (<= (LENGTH |argl|) (LENGTH |a|)))
                               (SEQ (SAY
-                                    (MAKESTRING
-                                     "length mismatch in XLAM expression"))
+                                                                         "length mismatch in XLAM expression")
                                    (EXIT (PRETTYPRINT |y|)))
                               NIL)
                           (EXIT (RPLAC (CAR |x|)
@@ -504,7 +503,7 @@
                 ('T (RPLAC (CAR |x|) 'SPADCALL)
                  (COND (|$QuickCode| (RPLACA |fn| 'QREFELT)))
                  (RPLAC (CDR |x|) (APPEND |a| (CONS |fn| NIL))) |x|)))
-             ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "optCall"))))))))))
+             ('T (|systemErrorHere| "optCall")))))))))
 
 ;optCallSpecially(q,x,n,R) ==
 ;    y:= LASSOC(R,$specialCaseKeyList) => optSpecialCall(x,y,n)
@@ -701,7 +700,7 @@
         ((NULL (SPADLET |name| (BPINAME |u|)))
          (|keyedSystemError| 'S2OO0001 (CONS |u| NIL)))
         ((BOOT-EQUAL |name| '|Undef|)
-         (MOAN (MAKESTRING "optimiser found unknown function")))
+         (MOAN "optimiser found unknown function"))
         ('T |name|)))))
 
 ;optMkRecord ["mkRecord",:u] ==
@@ -1366,7 +1365,7 @@
 ;optRECORDCOPY ["RECORDCOPY",name,len] ==
 ;  len=1 => ["LIST",["CAR",name]]
 ;  len=2 => ["CONS",["CAR",name],["CDR",name]]
-;  ["MOVEVEC",["MAKE_-VEC",len],name]
+;  ["MOVEVEC",["MAKE_-ARRAY",len],name]
 
 (DEFUN |optRECORDCOPY| (G167262)
   (PROG (|name| |len|)
diff --git a/src/interp/g-timer.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/g-timer.lisp.pamphlet
index 7d2f981..3aa0761 100644
--- a/src/interp/g-timer.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/g-timer.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@
                                       (SPADDIFFERENCE 70
                                        (|#| |strname|))
                                       (|#| |strval|))
-                                     (MAKESTRING "."))
+                                     ".")
                                     (|bright| |strval|)))))))
              (|sayBrightly|
-                 (|bright| (|fillerSpaces| 72 (MAKESTRING "-"))))
+                 (|bright| (|fillerSpaces| 72 "-")))
              (|sayBrightly|
                  (|concat| (|bright| "Total")
                      (|fillerSpaces|
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |total| 0)
-             (SPADLET |str| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             (SPADLET |str| "")
              (SPADLET |otherStatTotal| (GETL '|other| |property|))
              (DO ((G166123 |listofnames| (CDR G166123))
                   (G166105 NIL))
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
                                 (SPADLET |timestr|
                                          (|normalizeStatAndStringify|
                                           |n|)))
-                               ('T (SPADLET |timestr| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                               ('T (SPADLET |timestr| "")
                                 (SPADLET |otherStatTotal|
                                          (PLUS |otherStatTotal| |n|))))
                              (SPADLET |str|
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
                            (GETL |cl| |classproperty|)))))
              (COND
                ((NEQUAL |flag| '|long|) (SPADLET |total| 0)
-                (SPADLET |str| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                (SPADLET |str| "")
                 (DO ((G166136 |listofclasses| (CDR G166136))
                      (G166112 NIL))
                     ((OR (ATOM G166136)
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@
                       (STRCONC (|normalizeStatAndStringify| |total|)
                                " " |units|))
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |str| (MAKESTRING "")) |total|)
-               ('T (STRCONC |str| (MAKESTRING " = ") |total|))))))))
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |str| "") |total|)
+               ('T (STRCONC |str| " = " |total|))))))))
 
 ;normalizeStatAndStringify t ==
 ;  RNUMP t =>
@@ -238,16 +238,16 @@
       (COND
         ((RNUMP |t|) (SPADLET |t| (|roundStat| |t|))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| 0.0) (MAKESTRING "0"))
-           ('T (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "~,2F") |t|))))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |t| 0.0) "0")
+           ('T (FORMAT NIL "~,2F" |t|))))
         ((integerp |t|) (SPADLET K 1024) (SPADLET M (TIMES K K))
          (COND
            ((> |t| (TIMES 9 M))
             (CONCAT (STRINGIMAGE (QUOTIENT (PLUS |t| (TIMES 512 K)) M))
-                    (MAKESTRING "M")))
+                    "M"))
            ((> |t| (TIMES 9 K))
             (CONCAT (STRINGIMAGE (QUOTIENT (PLUS |t| 512) K))
-                    (MAKESTRING "K")))
+                    "K"))
            ('T (STRINGIMAGE |t|))))
         ('T (STRINGIMAGE |t|))))))
 
@@ -278,18 +278,18 @@
   (PROG (|opening|)
     (RETURN
       (COND
-        ((BOOT-EQUAL |time| (MAKESTRING "")) |oldstr|)
+        ((BOOT-EQUAL |time| "") |oldstr|)
         ('T
          (SPADLET |opening|
                   (COND
-                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |flag| '|long|) (MAKESTRING "("))
-                    ('T (MAKESTRING " ("))))
+                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |flag| '|long|) "(")
+                    ('T " (")))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |oldstr| (MAKESTRING ""))
-            (STRCONC |time| |opening| |abb| (MAKESTRING ")")))
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |oldstr| "")
+            (STRCONC |time| |opening| |abb| ")"))
            ('T
-            (STRCONC |oldstr| (MAKESTRING " + ") |time| |opening| |abb|
-                     (MAKESTRING ")")))))))))
+            (STRCONC |oldstr| " + " |time| |opening| |abb|
+                     ")"))))))))
 
 ;peekTimedName() == IFCAR $timedNameStack
 
@@ -470,8 +470,8 @@
 (DEFUN |printNamedStats| (|listofnames|)
   (PROGN
     (|printNamedStatsByProperty| |listofnames| '|TimeTotal|)
-    (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING " "))
-    (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "Space (in bytes):"))
+    (|sayBrightly| " ")
+    (|sayBrightly| "Space (in bytes):")
     (|printNamedStatsByProperty| |listofnames| '|SpaceTotal|)))
 
 ;makeLongTimeString(listofnames,listofclasses) ==
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
 (DEFUN |makeLongTimeString| (|listofnames| |listofclasses|)
   (DECLARE (SPECIAL |$printTimeIfTrue|))
   (|makeLongStatStringByProperty| |listofnames| |listofclasses|
-      '|TimeTotal| '|ClassTimeTotal| (MAKESTRING "sec")
+      '|TimeTotal| '|ClassTimeTotal| "sec"
       |$printTimeIfTrue|))
 
 ;makeLongSpaceString(listofnames,listofclasses) ==
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
 (DEFUN |makeLongSpaceString| (|listofnames| |listofclasses|)
   (DECLARE (SPECIAL |$printStorageIfTrue|))
   (|makeLongStatStringByProperty| |listofnames| |listofclasses|
-      '|SpaceTotal| '|ClassSpaceTotal| (MAKESTRING "bytes")
+      '|SpaceTotal| '|ClassSpaceTotal| "bytes"
       |$printStorageIfTrue|))
 
 ;computeElapsedTime() ==
diff --git a/src/interp/g-util.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/g-util.lisp.pamphlet
index 7fe3921..ddf37c8 100644
--- a/src/interp/g-util.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/g-util.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
              (COND
                ((EQL |nb| 0) |str|)
                (|nb| (SUBSTRING |str| |nb| NIL))
-               ('T (MAKESTRING ""))))))))
+               ('T "")))))))
 
 ;concat(:l) == concatList l
 
@@ -726,13 +726,13 @@
         ('T (SPADLET |target| (CAR |sig|)) (SPADLET |args| (CDR |sig|))
          (SPADLET |target| (|formatUnabbreviated| |target|))
          (COND
-           ((NULL |args|) (CONS (MAKESTRING "() -> ") |target|))
+           ((NULL |args|) (CONS "() -> " |target|))
            ((NULL (CDR |args|))
             (APPEND (|formatUnabbreviated| (QCAR |args|))
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " -> ") |target|)))
+                    (CONS " -> " |target|)))
            ('T (SPADLET |args| (|formatUnabbreviatedTuple| |args|))
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "(")
-                  (APPEND |args| (CONS (MAKESTRING ") -> ") |target|))))))))))
+            (CONS "("
+                  (APPEND |args| (CONS ") -> " |target|))))))))))
 
 ;formatUnabbreviatedTuple t ==
 ;  -- t is a list of types
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((ATOM |t|) (CONS |t| NIL))
-        ((NULL |t|) (CONS (MAKESTRING "()") NIL))
+        ((NULL |t|) (CONS "()" NIL))
         ((AND (PAIRP |t|)
               (PROGN
                 (SPADLET |p| (QCAR |t|))
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@
                               'T)))))
               (|member| |p| '(|:| ":")))
          (CONS |sel|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ") (|formatUnabbreviated| |arg|))))
+               (CONS ": " (|formatUnabbreviated| |arg|))))
         ((AND (PAIRP |t|) (EQ (QCAR |t|) '|Union|)
               (PROGN (SPADLET |args| (QCDR |t|)) 'T))
          (CONS '|Union|
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@
                 (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|) (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#1|) NIL)
                      (PROGN (SPADLET |arg1| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|)) 'T))))
          (CONS |arg|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") (|formatUnabbreviated| |arg1|))))
+               (CONS " " (|formatUnabbreviated| |arg1|))))
         ((AND (PAIRP |t|)
               (PROGN
                 (SPADLET |arg| (QCAR |t|))
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
         (SPADLET |parse|
                  (OR (|ncParseFromString| |s|)
                      (|systemError|
-                         (MAKESTRING "String for TeX will not parse"))))
+                         "String for TeX will not parse")))
         (|parse2Outform| |parse|)))))
 
 ;parse2Outform x ==
@@ -1388,43 +1388,43 @@
 ;           ['"\endscroll",$charRbrace,'"scroll",$charLbrace,'"\end"]]
 
 (SPADLET |$HTmacs|
-         (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\beginmenu")
+         (CONS (CONS "\\beginmenu"
                      (CONS |$charRbrace|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "menu")
+                           (CONS "menu"
                                  (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\begin")
+                                       (CONS "\\begin"
                                         NIL)))))
-               (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu")
+               (CONS (CONS "\\endmenu"
                            (CONS |$charRbrace|
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "menu")
+                                 (CONS "menu"
                                        (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\end") NIL)))))
-                     (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\beginitems")
+                                        (CONS "\\end" NIL)))))
+                     (CONS (CONS "\\beginitems"
                                  (CONS |$charRbrace|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "items")
+                                       (CONS "items"
                                         (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\begin")
+                                         (CONS "\\begin"
                                           NIL)))))
-                           (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\enditems")
+                           (CONS (CONS "\\enditems"
                                        (CONS |$charRbrace|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "items")
+                                        (CONS "items"
                                          (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\end")
+                                          (CONS "\\end"
                                            NIL)))))
                                  (CONS (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll")
+                                        "\\beginscroll"
                                         (CONS |$charRbrace|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "scroll")
+                                         (CONS "scroll"
                                           (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\begin")
+                                           (CONS "\\begin"
                                             NIL)))))
                                        (CONS
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll")
+                                         "\\endscroll"
                                          (CONS |$charRbrace|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "scroll")
+                                          (CONS "scroll"
                                            (CONS |$charLbrace|
-                                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\end")
+                                            (CONS "\\end"
                                              NIL)))))
                                         NIL)))))))
 
diff --git a/src/interp/hashcode.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/hashcode.lisp.pamphlet
index c25ed57..25934d1 100644
--- a/src/interp/hashcode.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/hashcode.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
                 ('T (|hashString| (SYMBOL-NAME |type|)))))
              ((STRINGP |type|)
               (|hashCombine| (|hashString| |type|)
-                  (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "Enumeration"))))
+                  (|hashString| "Enumeration")))
              ((AND (PAIRP |type|) (EQ (QCAR |type|) 'QUOTE)
                    (PROGN
                      (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |type|))
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
               (SPADLET |hash| (|hashString| (SYMBOL-NAME |op|)))
               (COND
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|Mapping|)
-                 (SPADLET |hash| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "->")))
+                 (SPADLET |hash| (|hashString| "->"))
                  (SPADLET |retType| (CAR |args|))
                  (SPADLET |mapArgs| (CDR |args|))
                  (DO ((G166088 |mapArgs| (CDR G166088))
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
 ;--putConstructorProperty('LocalAlgebra,'coSig,'(NIL T T T))
 ;--putConstructorProperty('Localize,'coSig,'(NIL T T T))
 
-(SPADLET |$VoidHash| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "Void")))
+(SPADLET |$VoidHash| (|hashString| "Void"))
 
 @
 \eject
diff --git a/src/interp/ht-util.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/ht-util.lisp.pamphlet
index d90c2ae..7ea68bf 100644
--- a/src/interp/ht-util.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/ht-util.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
                                (|stripSpaces|
                                    (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage|
                                     |buttonName|))
-                               (MAKESTRING "t"))
+                               "t")
                            (EXIT (RETURN |buttonName|)))))))))))
 
 ;htpSetRadioButtonAlist(htPage, val) ==
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
         (COND
           ((AND |props| (STRINGP (SPADLET |s| (ELT |props| 0))))
            (COND
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "")) |s|)
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "") |s|)
              ('T (|trimString| |s|))))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
@@ -232,12 +232,12 @@
 (DEFUN |replacePercentByDollar,fn| (|s| |i| |n|)
   (PROG (|m|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (IF (> |i| |n|) (EXIT (MAKESTRING "")))
+      (SEQ (IF (> |i| |n|) (EXIT ""))
            (IF (> (SPADLET |m| (|charPosition| (|char| '%) |s| |i|))
                   |n|)
                (EXIT (SUBSTRING |s| |i| NIL)))
            (EXIT (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |s| |i| (SPADDIFFERENCE |m| |i|))
-                          (MAKESTRING "$")
+                          "$"
                           (|replacePercentByDollar,fn| |s| (PLUS |m| 1)
                               |n|)))))))
 
@@ -349,8 +349,8 @@
       (COND
         ((SPADLET |msg| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| |label|))
          (COND
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |msg| (MAKESTRING "t")) 1)
-           ((BOOT-EQUAL |msg| (MAKESTRING "nil")) 0)
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |msg| "t") 1)
+           ((BOOT-EQUAL |msg| "nil") 0)
            ('T |msg|)))
         ('T
          (SPADLET |props|
@@ -478,11 +478,11 @@
   (COND
     ((STRINGP |s|)
      (COND
-       ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "\\$")) (MAKESTRING "\\%"))
-       ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| (MAKESTRING "{\\em $}"))
-        (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\%}"))
+       ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "\\$") "\\%")
+       ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| "{\\em $}")
+        "{\\em \\%}")
        ('T |s|)))
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| '$) (MAKESTRING "\\%"))
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |s| '$) "\\%")
     ('T (PRINC-TO-STRING |s|))))
 
 ;stringize s ==
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
   (declare (special |$curPage|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPageNoScroll| |propList| |title|)
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll "))
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\beginscroll ")
     |$curPage|))
 
 ;--htInitPageNoHeading(propList) ==
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htShowPage| ()
   (PROGN
-    (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll"))
+    (|htSayStandard| "\\endscroll")
     (|htShowPageNoScroll|)))
 
 ;htShowPageNoScroll() ==
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
   (declare (special |$htLineList| |$curPage| |$newPage|))
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htSayStandard| (MAKESTRING "\\autobuttons"))
+        (|htSayStandard| "\\autobuttons")
         (|htpSetPageDescription| |$curPage|
             (NREVERSE (|htpPageDescription| |$curPage|)))
         (SPADLET |$newPage| NIL)
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@
                            (|htProcessDoitButton| |items|))
                           ('T
                            (|systemError|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "unknown itemType")
+                               (CONS "unknown itemType"
                                      (CONS |itemType| NIL))))))))))))
 
 ;htMakeErrorPage htPage ==
@@ -673,9 +673,9 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htQuote| (|s|)
   (PROGN
-    (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\""))
+    (|iht| "\"")
     (|iht| |s|)
-    (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\""))))
+    (|iht| "\"")))
 
 ;htProcessToggleButtons buttons ==
 ;  iht '"\newline\indent{5}\beginitems "
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
   (declare (special |$curPage|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\indent{5}\\beginitems "))
+             (|iht| "\\newline\\indent{5}\\beginitems ")
              (DO ((G166302 |buttons| (CDR G166302))
                   (G166286 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166302)
@@ -716,21 +716,19 @@
                                    (CONS '|button|
                                     (CONS |defaultValue| NIL)))))
                             (|iht| (CONS
-                                    (MAKESTRING
-                                     "\\item{\\em\\inputbox[")
+                                                                         "\\item{\\em\\inputbox["
                                     (CONS
                                      (|htpLabelDefault| |$curPage|
                                       |buttonName|)
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "]{")
+                                     (CONS "]{"
                                       (CONS |buttonName|
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                            "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}}\\space{}")
+                                                                    "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}}\\space{}"
                                         NIL))))))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
-                            (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\space{}}"))
+                            (|iht| "\\space{}}")
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|)))))
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\enditems\\indent{0} ")))))))
+             (|iht| "\\enditems\\indent{0} "))))))
 
 ;htProcessBcButtons buttons ==
 ;  for [defaultValue, buttonName] in buttons repeat
@@ -768,23 +766,22 @@
                                     |buttonName|))
                           (COND
                             ((EQL |k| 0)
-                             (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\off{")
+                             (|iht| (CONS "\\off{"
                                      (CONS |buttonName|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+                                      (CONS "}" NIL)))))
                             ((EQL |k| 1)
-                             (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\on{")
+                             (|iht| (CONS "\\on{"
                                      (CONS |buttonName|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))))
+                                      (CONS "}" NIL)))))
                             ('T
-                             (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\inputbox[")
+                             (|iht| (CONS "\\inputbox["
                                      (CONS
                                       (|htpLabelDefault| |$curPage|
                                        |buttonName|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "]{")
+                                      (CONS "]{"
                                        (CONS |buttonName|
                                         (CONS
-                                         (MAKESTRING
-                                     "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}}")
+                                                                              "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}}"
                                          NIL))))))))))))))))
 
 ;htProcessBcStrings strings ==
@@ -818,7 +815,7 @@
                       NIL))
                 NIL)
              (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                          (SPADLET |mess2| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                          (SPADLET |mess2| "")
                           (COND
                             ((NULL (LASSOC |stringName|
                                     (|htpInputAreaAlist| |$curPage|)))
@@ -831,32 +828,31 @@
                             ((|htpLabelErrorMsg| |$curPage|
                                  |stringName|)
                              (|iht| (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{{\\em ")
+                                     "\\centerline{{\\em "
                                      (CONS
                                       (|htpLabelErrorMsg| |$curPage|
                                        |stringName|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}") NIL))))
+                                      (CONS "}}" NIL))))
                              (SPADLET |mess2|
                                       (CONCAT |mess2| (|bcSadFaces|)))
                              (|htpSetLabelErrorMsg| |$curPage|
                                  |stringName| NIL)))
-                          (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\inputstring{")
+                          (|iht| (CONS "\\inputstring{"
                                        (CONS |stringName|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                        (CONS "}{"
                                          (CONS |numChars|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                          (CONS "}{"
                                            (CONS
                                             (|htpLabelDefault|
                                              |$curPage| |stringName|)
-                                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "} ")
+                                            (CONS "} "
                                              (CONS |mess2| NIL)))))))))))))))))
 
 ;bcSadFaces() ==
 ;  '"\space{1}{\em\htbitmap{error}\htbitmap{error}\htbitmap{error}}"
 
 (DEFUN |bcSadFaces| ()
-  (MAKESTRING
-      "\\space{1}{\\em\\htbitmap{error}\\htbitmap{error}\\htbitmap{error}}"))
+        "\\space{1}{\\em\\htbitmap{error}\\htbitmap{error}\\htbitmap{error}}")
 
 ;htLispLinks(links,:option) ==
 ;  [links,options] := beforeAfter('options,links)
@@ -882,9 +878,9 @@
              (SPADLET |links| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
              (SPADLET |options| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
              (SPADLET |indent| (OR (LASSOC '|indent| |options|) 5))
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\indent{"))
+             (|iht| "\\newline\\indent{")
              (|iht| (|stringize| |indent|))
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "}\\beginitems"))
+             (|iht| "}\\beginitems")
              (DO ((G166403 |links| (CDR G166403)) (G166387 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166403)
                       (PROGN (SETQ G166387 (CAR G166403)) NIL)
@@ -898,18 +894,18 @@
                         NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\item["))
+                            (|iht| "\\item[")
                             (SPADLET |call|
                                      (COND
                                        ((IFCAR |option|)
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\lispmemolink"))
+                                        "\\lispmemolink")
                                        ('T
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink"))))
+                                        "\\lispdownlink")))
                             (|htMakeButton| |call| |message|
                                 (|mkCurryFun| |func| |value|))
-                            (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "]\\space{}") NIL))
+                            (|iht| (CONS "]\\space{}" NIL))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|)))))
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\enditems\\indent{0} ")))))))
+             (|iht| "\\enditems\\indent{0} "))))))
 
 ;htLispMemoLinks(links) == htLispLinks(links,true)
 
@@ -947,7 +943,7 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (|htMakeButton|
-                                (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink") |message|
+                                "\\lispdownlink" |message|
                                 (|mkCurryFun| |func| |value|)
                                 |skipStateInfo?|)
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|))))))))))
@@ -979,7 +975,7 @@
                         NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|htMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lisplink")
+                            (|htMakeButton| "\\lisplink"
                                 |message|
                                 (|mkCurryFun| |func| |value|))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|))))))))))
@@ -1063,13 +1059,11 @@
                  (CONS (CONS |groupName| (|buttonNames| |buttons|))
                        (|htpRadioButtonAlist| |$curPage|)))
              (SPADLET |boxesName| (GENTEMP))
-             (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                              "\\newline\\indent{5}\\radioboxes{")
+             (|iht| (CONS                               "\\newline\\indent{5}\\radioboxes{"
                           (CONS |boxesName|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                        "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}}\\beginitems ")
+                                (CONS                         "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}}\\beginitems "
                                       NIL))))
-             (SPADLET |defaultValue| (MAKESTRING "1"))
+             (SPADLET |defaultValue| "1")
              (DO ((G166568 |buttons| (CDR G166568))
                   (G166540 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166568)
@@ -1090,24 +1084,23 @@
                                    (CONS '|button|
                                     (CONS |defaultValue| NIL)))
                                (SPADLET |defaultValue|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "0"))))
+                                        "0")))
                             (|iht| (CONS
-                                    (MAKESTRING
-                                     "\\item{\\em\\radiobox[")
+                                                                         "\\item{\\em\\radiobox["
                                     (CONS
                                      (|htpLabelDefault| |$curPage|
                                       |buttonName|)
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "]{")
+                                     (CONS "]{"
                                       (CONS |buttonName|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                       (CONS "}{"
                                         (CONS |boxesName|
                                          (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING "}\\space{}")
+                                          "}\\space{}"
                                           NIL))))))))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
-                            (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\space{}}"))
+                            (|iht| "\\space{}}")
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|)))))
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\enditems\\indent{0} ")))))))
+             (|iht| "\\enditems\\indent{0} "))))))
 
 ;htBcRadioButtons [groupName, :buttons] ==
 ;  htpSetRadioButtonAlist($curPage, [[groupName, :buttonNames buttons],
@@ -1138,12 +1131,11 @@
                  (CONS (CONS |groupName| (|buttonNames| |buttons|))
                        (|htpRadioButtonAlist| |$curPage|)))
              (SPADLET |boxesName| (GENTEMP))
-             (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\radioboxes{")
+             (|iht| (CONS "\\radioboxes{"
                           (CONS |boxesName|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                    "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}} ")
+                                (CONS                                     "}{\\htbmfile{pick}}{\\htbmfile{unpick}} "
                                       NIL))))
-             (SPADLET |defaultValue| (MAKESTRING "1"))
+             (SPADLET |defaultValue| "1")
              (DO ((G166616 |buttons| (CDR G166616))
                   (G166588 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166616)
@@ -1164,19 +1156,19 @@
                                    (CONS '|button|
                                     (CONS |defaultValue| NIL)))
                                (SPADLET |defaultValue|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "0"))))
+                                        "0")))
                             (|iht| (CONS
-                                    (MAKESTRING "{\\em\\radiobox[")
+                                    "{\\em\\radiobox["
                                     (CONS
                                      (|htpLabelDefault| |$curPage|
                                       |buttonName|)
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "]{")
+                                     (CONS "]{"
                                       (CONS |buttonName|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                       (CONS "}{"
                                         (CONS |boxesName|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))))
+                                         (CONS "}" NIL))))))))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
-                            (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\space{}}"))
+                            (|iht| "\\space{}}")
                             (|bcIssueHt| |info|))))))))))
 
 ;setUpDefault(name, props) ==
@@ -1231,7 +1223,7 @@
   (declare (special |$curPage|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\indent{5}\\beginitems "))
+             (|iht| "\\newline\\indent{5}\\beginitems ")
              (DO ((G166685 |strings| (CDR G166685))
                   (G166665 NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166685)
@@ -1263,29 +1255,28 @@
                               ((|htpLabelErrorMsg| |$curPage|
                                    |stringName|)
                                (|iht| (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "\\centerline{{\\em ")
+                                                                               "\\centerline{{\\em "
                                        (CONS
                                         (|htpLabelErrorMsg| |$curPage|
                                          |stringName|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}") NIL))))
+                                        (CONS "}}" NIL))))
                                (SPADLET |mess2|
                                         (CONCAT |mess2| (|bcSadFaces|)))
                                (|htpSetLabelErrorMsg| |$curPage|
                                    |stringName| NIL)))
-                            (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\item "))
+                            (|iht| "\\item ")
                             (|bcIssueHt| |mess1|)
-                            (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\inputstring{")
+                            (|iht| (CONS "\\inputstring{"
                                     (CONS |stringName|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                     (CONS "}{"
                                       (CONS |numChars|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                       (CONS "}{"
                                         (CONS
                                          (|htpLabelDefault| |$curPage|
                                           |stringName|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "} ") NIL))))))))
+                                         (CONS "} " NIL))))))))
                             (|bcIssueHt| |mess2|)))))
-             (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\enditems\\indent{0}\\newline ")))))))
+             (|iht| "\\enditems\\indent{0}\\newline "))))))
 
 ;htProcessDomainConditions condList ==
 ;  htpSetDomainConditions($curPage, renamePatternVariables condList)
@@ -1572,7 +1563,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((NULL (STRINGP |template|)) |template|)
-        ('T (SPADLET |i| (SEARCH (MAKESTRING "%l") |template|))
+        ('T (SPADLET |i| (SEARCH "%l" |template|))
          (COND
            ((NULL |i|) |template|)
            ('T
@@ -1589,16 +1580,16 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htMakeDoneButton| (|message| |func|)
   (PROGN
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{"))
+    (|bcHt| "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{")
     (COND
-      ((BOOT-EQUAL |message| (MAKESTRING "Continue"))
-       (|bchtMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink")
+      ((BOOT-EQUAL |message| "Continue")
+       (|bchtMakeButton| "\\lispdownlink"
            '|\\ContinueBitmap| |func|))
       ('T
-       (|bchtMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink")
-           (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\\box{") |message| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+       (|bchtMakeButton| "\\lispdownlink"
+           (CONCAT "\\box{" |message| "}")
            |func|)))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "} "))))
+    (|bcHt| "} ")))
 
 ;htProcessDoneButton [label , func] ==
 ;  iht '"\newline\vspace{1}\centerline{"
@@ -1616,19 +1607,19 @@
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |label| (CAR G166950))
         (SPADLET |func| (CADR G166950))
-        (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{"))
+        (|iht| "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{")
         (COND
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |label| (MAKESTRING "Continue"))
-           (|htMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink")
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |label| "Continue")
+           (|htMakeButton| "\\lispdownlink"
                '|\\ContinueBitmap| |func|))
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |label| (MAKESTRING "Push to enter names"))
-           (|htMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink")
-               (MAKESTRING "\\ControlBitmap{clicktoset}") |func|))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |label| "Push to enter names")
+           (|htMakeButton| "\\lispdownlink"
+               "\\ControlBitmap{clicktoset}" |func|))
           ('T
-           (|htMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lispdownlink")
-               (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\\box{") |label| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+           (|htMakeButton| "\\lispdownlink"
+               (CONCAT "\\box{" |label| "}")
                |func|)))
-        (|iht| (MAKESTRING "} "))))))
+        (|iht| "} ")))))
 
 ;htMakeButton(htCommand, message, func,:options) ==
 ;----------> OBSELETE <----------------------------------
@@ -1655,19 +1646,19 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |skipStateInfo?| (IFCAR |options|))
-             (|iht| (CONS |htCommand| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{") NIL)))
+             (|iht| (CONS |htCommand| (CONS "{" NIL)))
              (|bcIssueHt| |message|)
              (COND
                (|skipStateInfo?|
-                   (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{(|htDoneButton| '|")
+                   (|iht| (CONS "}{(|htDoneButton| '|"
                                 (CONS |func|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ")
+                                      (CONS "| "
                                        (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING ")}") NIL)))))))
+                                        (CONS ")}" NIL)))))))
                ('T
-                (|iht| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{(|htDoneButton| '|")
+                (|iht| (CONS "}{(|htDoneButton| '|"
                              (CONS |func|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "| (PROGN ") NIL))))
+                                   (CONS "| (PROGN " NIL))))
                 (DO ((G166977 (|htpInputAreaAlist| |$curPage|)
                          (CDR G166977))
                      (G166965 NIL))
@@ -1682,29 +1673,27 @@
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                (|iht| (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
-                                        "(|htpSetLabelInputString| ")
+                                                                               "(|htpSetLabelInputString| "
                                        (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "'|")
+                                        (CONS "'|"
                                          (CONS |id|
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ") NIL))))))
+                                          (CONS "| " NIL))))))
                                (COND
                                  ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| '|string|)
                                   (|iht| (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING
-                                           "\"\\stringvalue{")
+                                                                                     "\"\\stringvalue{"
                                           (CONS |id|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\"")
+                                           (CONS "}\""
                                             NIL)))))
                                  ('T
                                   (|iht| (CONS
-                                          (MAKESTRING "\"\\boxvalue{")
+                                          "\"\\boxvalue{"
                                           (CONS |id|
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\"")
+                                           (CONS "}\""
                                             NIL))))))
-                               (|iht| (MAKESTRING ") "))))))
+                               (|iht| ") ")))))
                 (|iht| (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "))}") NIL))))))))))
+                             (CONS "))}" NIL))))))))))
 
 ;bchtMakeButton(htCommand, message, func) ==
 ;  bcHt [htCommand, '"{", message,
@@ -1724,13 +1713,12 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (|bcHt| (CONS |htCommand|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "{")
+                           (CONS "{"
                                  (CONS |message|
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "}{(|htDoneButton| '|")
+                                                                                 "}{(|htDoneButton| '|"
                                         (CONS |func|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "| (PROGN ")
+                                         (CONS "| (PROGN "
                                           NIL)))))))
              (DO ((G167004 (|htpInputAreaAlist| |$curPage|)
                       (CDR G167004))
@@ -1746,26 +1734,25 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (|bcHt| (CONS
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "(|htpSetLabelInputString| ")
+                                                                           "(|htpSetLabelInputString| "
                                      (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "'|")
+                                      (CONS "'|"
                                        (CONS |id|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "| ") NIL))))))
+                                        (CONS "| " NIL))))))
                             (COND
                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |type| '|string|)
                                (|bcHt| (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\"\\stringvalue{")
+                                        "\"\\stringvalue{"
                                         (CONS |id|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\"") NIL)))))
+                                         (CONS "}\"" NIL)))))
                               ('T
                                (|bcHt| (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\"\\boxvalue{")
+                                        "\"\\boxvalue{"
                                         (CONS |id|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "}\"") NIL))))))
-                            (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ") "))))))
+                                         (CONS "}\"" NIL))))))
+                            (|bcHt| ") ")))))
              (|bcHt| (CONS (|htpName| |$curPage|)
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "))} ") NIL))))))))
+                           (CONS "))} " NIL))))))))
 
 ;htProcessDoitButton [label, command, func] ==
 ;  fun := mkCurryFun(func, [command])
@@ -1783,15 +1770,13 @@
         (SPADLET |command| (CADR G167017))
         (SPADLET |func| (CADDR G167017))
         (SPADLET |fun| (|mkCurryFun| |func| (CONS |command| NIL)))
-        (|iht| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{"))
-        (|htMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lispcommand")
-            (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\\box{") |label| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+        (|iht| "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{")
+        (|htMakeButton| "\\lispcommand"
+            (CONCAT "\\box{" |label| "}")
             |fun|)
-        (|iht| (MAKESTRING "} "))
-        (|iht| (MAKESTRING
-              "\\vspace{2}{Select \\  \\UpButton{} \\  to go back one page.}"))
-        (|iht| (MAKESTRING
-"\\newline{Select \\  \\ExitButton{QuitPage} \\  to remove this window.}"))))))
+        (|iht| "} ")
+        (|iht|               "\\vspace{2}{Select \\  \\UpButton{} \\  to go back one page.}")
+        (|iht| "\\newline{Select \\  \\ExitButton{QuitPage} \\  to remove this window.}")))))
 
 ;htMakeDoitButton(label, command) ==
 ;  -- use bitmap button if just plain old "Do It"
@@ -1810,24 +1795,20 @@
   (declare (special |$curPage|))
   (PROGN
     (COND
-      ((BOOT-EQUAL |label| (MAKESTRING "Do It"))
-       (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-"\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{\\lispcommand{\\DoItBitmap}{(|doDoitButton| ")))
+      ((BOOT-EQUAL |label| "Do It")
+       (|bcHt| "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{\\lispcommand{\\DoItBitmap}{(|doDoitButton| "))
       ('T
-       (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                       "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{\\lispcommand{\\box{")
+       (|bcHt| (CONS                        "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{\\lispcommand{\\box{"
                      (CONS |label|
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}{(|doDoitButton| ")
+                           (CONS "}}{(|doDoitButton| "
                                  NIL))))))
     (|bcHt| (|htpName| |$curPage|))
-    (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING " \"")
+    (|bcHt| (CONS " \""
                   (CONS (|htEscapeString| |command|)
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"") NIL))))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING ")}}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-              "\\vspace{2}{Select \\  \\UpButton{} \\  to go back one page.}"))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-  "\\newline{Select \\  \\ExitButton{QuitPage} \\  to remove this window.}"))))
+                        (CONS "\"" NIL))))
+    (|bcHt| ")}}")
+    (|bcHt|               "\\vspace{2}{Select \\  \\UpButton{} \\  to go back one page.}")
+    (|bcHt|   "\\newline{Select \\  \\ExitButton{QuitPage} \\  to remove this window.}")))
 
 ;doDoitButton(htPage, command) ==
 ;  executeInterpreterCommand command
@@ -1865,7 +1846,7 @@
     ((|typeCheckInputAreas| |htPage|) (|htMakeErrorPage| |htPage|))
     ((NULL (FBOUNDP |func|))
      (|systemError|
-         (CONS (MAKESTRING "unknown function") (CONS |func| NIL))))
+         (CONS "unknown function" (CONS |func| NIL))))
     ('T (FUNCALL (SYMBOL-FUNCTION |func|) |htPage|))))
 
 ;typeCheckInputAreas htPage ==
@@ -1972,8 +1953,8 @@
                                        ((NULL
                                          (|ncParseFromString| |string|))
                                         (|htpSetLabelErrorMsg| |htPage|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "Syntax Error")
-                                         (MAKESTRING "Syntax Error")))
+                                         "Syntax Error"
+                                         "Syntax Error"))
                                        ('T NIL)))
                                  ('T
                                   (SPADLET |val|
@@ -2053,15 +2034,15 @@
                                         (QCAR |ISTMP#3|))
                                        'T)))))))))
          (|systemError|
-             (MAKESTRING "currently invalid domain condition")))
+             "currently invalid domain condition"))
         ((EQUAL |pattern| '(|String|))
          (CONS '(|String|) (|wrap| |s1|)))
         ('T (SPADLET |val| (|parseAndEval| |string|))
          (COND
            ((STRINGP |val|)
             (COND
-              ((BOOT-EQUAL |val| (MAKESTRING "Syntax Error "))
-               (MAKESTRING "Error: Syntax Error "))
+              ((BOOT-EQUAL |val| "Syntax Error ")
+               "Error: Syntax Error ")
               ('T (|condErrorMsg| |pattern|))))
            ('T (SPADLET |type| (CAR |val|))
             (SPADLET |data| (CDR |val|))
@@ -2086,7 +2067,7 @@
           ((PAIRP |typeString|)
            (SPADLET |typeString|
                     (APPLY (|function| CONCAT) |typeString|))))
-        (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "Error: Could not make your input into a ")
+        (CONCAT "Error: Could not make your input into a "
                 |typeString|)))))
 
 ;parseAndEval string ==
@@ -2145,14 +2126,14 @@
                          ('T (SPADLET |syntaxError| 'T) (CDR |v|))))
                    ('T (|oldParseString| |string|))))
         (COND
-          (|syntaxError| (MAKESTRING "Syntax Error "))
+          (|syntaxError| "Syntax Error ")
           (|pform| (SPADLET |val|
                             (|applyWithOutputToString|
                                 '|processInteractive|
                                 (CONS |pform| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                    (COND
                      ((CAR |val|) (CAR |val|))
-                     ('T (MAKESTRING "Type Analysis Error"))))
+                     ('T "Type Analysis Error")))
           ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;oldParseString string ==
@@ -2187,7 +2168,7 @@
   (PROG (|opForm| |lastArg| |argList|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (SPADLET |opForm| (CONCAT (CAR |l|) (MAKESTRING "(")))
+             (SPADLET |opForm| (CONCAT (CAR |l|) "("))
              (SPADLET |lastArg| (|last| |l|))
              (SPADLET |l| (CDR |l|))
              (SPADLET |argList| NIL)
@@ -2198,11 +2179,11 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |argList|
                                    (CONS
-                                    (CONCAT |arg| (MAKESTRING ", "))
+                                    (CONCAT |arg| ", ")
                                     |argList|)))))
              (SPADLET |argList| (NREVERSE (CONS |lastArg| |argList|)))
              (CONCAT |opForm| (APPLY (|function| CONCAT) |argList|)
-                     (MAKESTRING ")")))))))
+                     ")"))))))
 
 ;htMakeInputList stringList ==
 ;-- makes an input form for constructing a list
@@ -2226,7 +2207,7 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |argList|
                                    (CONS
-                                    (CONCAT |arg| (MAKESTRING ", "))
+                                    (CONCAT |arg| ", ")
                                     |argList|)))))
              (SPADLET |argList| (NREVERSE (CONS |lastArg| |argList|)))
              (|bracketString| (APPLY (|function| CONCAT) |argList|)))))))
@@ -2235,12 +2216,12 @@
 ;bracketString string == CONCAT('"[",string,'"]")
 
 (DEFUN |bracketString| (|string|)
-  (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "[") |string| (MAKESTRING "]")))
+  (CONCAT "[" |string| "]"))
 
 ;quoteString string == CONCAT('"_"", string, '"_"")
 
 (DEFUN |quoteString| (|string|)
-  (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\"") |string| (MAKESTRING "\"")))
+  (CONCAT "\"" |string| "\""))
 
 ;$funnyQuote := char 127
 
@@ -2361,15 +2342,14 @@
                            (STRINGIMAGE
                                (SPADDIFFERENCE
                                    (PLUS |maxWidth2| |maxWidth1|) 1)))
-                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                               "\\tab{2}\\newline Variable\\tab{")
+                  (|htSay|                                "\\tab{2}\\newline Variable\\tab{"
                            (STRINGIMAGE
                                (PLUS |maxWidth1|
                                      (QUOTIENT |maxWidth2| 3)))
-                           (MAKESTRING "}Description\\tab{")
+                           "}Description\\tab{"
                            (STRINGIMAGE
                                (PLUS (PLUS |maxWidth2| |maxWidth1|) 2))
-                           (MAKESTRING "}Value\\newline\\beginitems "))
+                           "}Value\\newline\\beginitems ")
                   (DO ((G167392 (REVERSE |okList|) (CDR G167392))
                        (|setData| NIL))
                       ((OR (ATOM G167392)
@@ -2378,36 +2358,33 @@
                              NIL))
                        NIL)
                     (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                 (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\item"))
+                                 (|htSay| "\\item")
                                  (SPADLET |label|
                                           (STRCONC
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            "\\menuitemstyle{")
+                                                                                       "\\menuitemstyle{"
                                            (ELT |setData| 0)
-                                           (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                                           "}"))
                                  (SPADLET |links|
                                           (CONS |label|
                                            (CONS
                                             (CONS
                                              (CONS '|text|
                                               (CONS
-                                               (MAKESTRING "\\tab{")
+                                               "\\tab{"
                                                (CONS |tabset1|
-                                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                                (CONS "}"
                                                  (CONS
                                                   (ELT |setData| 1)
                                                   (CONS
-                                                   (MAKESTRING
-                                                    "\\tab{")
+                                                                                                       "\\tab{"
                                                    (CONS |tabset2|
                                                     (CONS
-                                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                                      "}{\\em ")
+                                                                                                           "}{\\em "
                                                      (CONS
                                                       (|htShowSetTreeValue|
                                                        |setData|)
                                                       (CONS
-                                                       (MAKESTRING "}")
+                                                       "}"
                                                        NIL))))))))))
                                              NIL)
                                             (CONS '|htShowSetPage|
@@ -2420,7 +2397,7 @@
                                         (CONS '|options|
                                          (CONS '(|indent| . 0) NIL))))
                                       NIL))))))
-                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\enditems")) (|htShowPage|)))))))
+                  (|htSay| "\\enditems") (|htShowPage|)))))))
 
 ;htShowCount s == --# discounting {\em .. }
 ;  m := #s
@@ -2482,15 +2459,15 @@
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |st| 'LITERALS)
            (|object2String|
                (|translateTrueFalse2YesNo| (|eval| (ELT |setData| 4)))))
-          ((BOOT-EQUAL |st| 'TREE) (MAKESTRING "..."))
+          ((BOOT-EQUAL |st| 'TREE) "...")
           ('T (|systemError|)))))))
 
 ;mkSetTitle() == STRCONC('"Command {\em )set ",listOfStrings2String $path,'"}")
 
 (DEFUN |mkSetTitle| ()
   (declare (special |$path|))
-  (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Command {\\em )set ")
-           (|listOfStrings2String| |$path|) (MAKESTRING "}")))
+  (STRCONC "Command {\\em )set "
+           (|listOfStrings2String| |$path|) "}"))
 
 ;listOfStrings2String u ==
 ;  null u => '""
@@ -2498,9 +2475,9 @@
 
 (DEFUN |listOfStrings2String| (|u|)
   (COND
-    ((NULL |u|) (MAKESTRING ""))
+    ((NULL |u|) "")
     ('T
-     (STRCONC (|listOfStrings2String| (CDR |u|)) (MAKESTRING " ")
+     (STRCONC (|listOfStrings2String| (CDR |u|)) " "
               (|stringize| (CAR |u|))))))
 
 ;htShowSetPage(htPage, branch) ==
@@ -2530,7 +2507,7 @@
                              |$path|)))
         (SPADLET |setData| (|assoc| |branch| |setTree|))
         (COND
-          ((NULL |setData|) (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "No Set Data")))
+          ((NULL |setData|) (|systemError| "No Set Data"))
           ('T (SPADLET |st| (ELT |setData| 3))
            (COND
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |st| 'FUNCTION)
@@ -2543,8 +2520,8 @@
               (|htShowSetTree| (ELT |setData| 5)))
              ((BOOT-EQUAL |st| 'STRING)
               (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage|
-                  (MAKESTRING ")set compiler")))
-             ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "Unknown data type"))))))))))
+                  ")set compiler"))
+             ('T (|systemError| "Unknown data type")))))))))
 
 ;htShowLiteralsPage(htPage, setData) ==
 ;  htSetLiterals(htPage,setData.setName,setData.setLabel,
@@ -2572,19 +2549,17 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |page|
-                      (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Set Command")
+                      (|htInitPage| "Set Command"
                           (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
              (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|variable| |variable|)
-             (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{Set {\\em ")
+             (|bcHt| (CONS "\\centerline{Set {\\em "
                            (CONS |name|
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}\\newline") NIL))))
-             (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em Description: } ")
+                                 (CONS "}}\\newline" NIL))))
+             (|bcHt| (CONS "{\\em Description: } "
                            (CONS |message|
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                        "\\newline\\vspace{1} ")
+                                 (CONS                                         "\\newline\\vspace{1} "
                                        NIL))))
-             (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING
-                         "Select one of the following: \\newline\\tab{3} "))
+             (|bcHt|                          "Select one of the following: \\newline\\tab{3} ")
              (SPADLET |links|
                       (PROG (G167460)
                         (SPADLET G167460 NIL)
@@ -2599,11 +2574,10 @@
                             (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G167460
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS
-                                          (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "")
+                                          (STRCONC ""
                                            (STRINGIMAGE |opt|))
                                           (CONS
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            "\\newline\\tab{3}")
+                                                                                       "\\newline\\tab{3}"
                                            (CONS |functionToCall|
                                             (CONS |opt| NIL))))
                                          G167460))))))))
@@ -2613,7 +2587,7 @@
               '|\\indent{0}\\newline\\vspace{1} The current setting is: {\\em |
                            (CONS (|translateTrueFalse2YesNo|
                                      (EVAL |variable|))
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "} ") NIL))))
+                                 (CONS "} " NIL))))
              (|htShowPage|))))))
 
 ;htSetLiteral(htPage, val) ==
@@ -2623,7 +2597,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htSetLiteral| (|htPage| |val|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Set Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Set Command" NIL)
     (SET (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|variable|)
          (|translateYesNo2TrueFalse| |val|))
     (|htKill| |htPage| |val|)))
@@ -2668,33 +2642,33 @@
                  (|htInitPage| (|mkSetTitle|)
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|variable| (ELT |setData| 4))
-        (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{Set {\\em ")
+        (|bcHt| (CONS "\\centerline{Set {\\em "
                       (CONS (ELT |setData| 0)
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}\\newline") NIL))))
+                            (CONS "}}\\newline" NIL))))
         (SPADLET |message| (ELT |setData| 1))
-        (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em Description: } ")
+        (|bcHt| (CONS "{\\em Description: } "
                       (CONS |message|
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\vspace{1} ")
+                            (CONS "\\newline\\vspace{1} "
                                   NIL))))
         (SPADLET |LETTMP#1| (ELT |setData| 5))
         (SPADLET |$htInitial| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |$htFinal| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL |$htFinal| (PLUS |$htInitial| 1))
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "Enter the integer {\\em "))
+           (|bcHt| "Enter the integer {\\em ")
            (|bcHt| (|stringize| |$htInitial|))
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "} or {\\em "))
+           (|bcHt| "} or {\\em ")
            (|bcHt| (|stringize| |$htFinal|))
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "}:")))
+           (|bcHt| "}:"))
           ((NULL |$htFinal|)
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "Enter an integer greater than {\\em "))
+           (|bcHt| "Enter an integer greater than {\\em ")
            (|bcHt| (|stringize| (SPADDIFFERENCE |$htInitial| 1)))
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "}:")))
-          ('T (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "Enter an integer between {\\em "))
+           (|bcHt| "}:"))
+          ('T (|bcHt| "Enter an integer between {\\em ")
            (|bcHt| (|stringize| |$htInitial|))
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "} and {\\em "))
+           (|bcHt| "} and {\\em ")
            (|bcHt| (|stringize| |$htFinal|))
-           (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "}:"))))
+           (|bcHt| "}:")))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS '(|domainConditions| (|Satisfies| S |chkRange|))
                   (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -2703,7 +2677,7 @@
                                       (CONS '|value| (CONS 'S NIL))))
                                     NIL))
                         NIL)))
-        (|htSetvarDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Select to Set Value")
+        (|htSetvarDoneButton| "Select to Set Value"
             '|htSetInteger|)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
@@ -2725,14 +2699,12 @@
         (COND
           ((NULL (INTEGERP |val|))
            (|errorPage| |htPage|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "Value Error")
+               (CONS "Value Error"
                      (CONS NIL
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "\\vspace{3}\\centerline{{\\em ")
+                           (CONS                                      "\\vspace{3}\\centerline{{\\em "
                                  (CONS |val|
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
- "}}\\vspace{2}\\newline\\centerline{Click on \\UpBitmap{} to re-enter value}")
+                                         "}}\\vspace{2}\\newline\\centerline{Click on \\UpBitmap{} to re-enter value}"
                                         NIL)))))))
           ('T (SET (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|variable|) |val|)
            (|htKill| |htPage| |val|)))))))
@@ -2797,13 +2769,12 @@
            (SPADLET |page|
                     (|htInitPage| (|mkSetTitle|)
                         (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-           (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{Set {\\em ")
+           (|bcHt| (CONS "\\centerline{Set {\\em "
                          (CONS (ELT |setData| 0)
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}\\newline") NIL))))
-           (|bcHt| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\em Description: } ")
+                               (CONS "}}\\newline" NIL))))
+           (|bcHt| (CONS "{\\em Description: } "
                          (CONS (ELT |setData| 1)
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "\\newline\\vspace{1} ")
+                               (CONS                                       "\\newline\\vspace{1} "
                                      NIL))))
            (SPADLET |currentValue| (EVAL |variable|))
            (|htMakePage|
@@ -2814,15 +2785,15 @@
                      (CONS (CONS '|text| |phrase|)
                            (CONS (CONS '|inputStrings|
                                        (CONS
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
+                                         (CONS ""
                                           (CONS 60
                                            (CONS |currentValue|
                                             (CONS '|value|
                                              (CONS 'S NIL))))))
                                         NIL))
                                  NIL))))
-           (|htSetvarDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Select To Set Value")
+           (|htSetvarDoneButton| "Select To Set Value"
                '|htSetFunCommand|)
            (|htShowPage|)))))))
 
@@ -2836,17 +2807,17 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htSetvarDoneButton| (|message| |func|)
   (PROGN
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{"))
+    (|bcHt| "\\newline\\vspace{1}\\centerline{")
     (COND
-      ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |message| (MAKESTRING "Select to Set Value"))
-           (BOOT-EQUAL |message| (MAKESTRING "Select to Set Values")))
-       (|bchtMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lisplink")
-           (MAKESTRING "\\ControlBitmap{clicktoset}") |func|))
+      ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |message| "Select to Set Value")
+           (BOOT-EQUAL |message| "Select to Set Values"))
+       (|bchtMakeButton| "\\lisplink"
+           "\\ControlBitmap{clicktoset}" |func|))
       ('T
-       (|bchtMakeButton| (MAKESTRING "\\lisplink")
-           (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "\\fbox{") |message| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+       (|bchtMakeButton| "\\lisplink"
+           (CONCAT "\\fbox{" |message| "}")
            |func|)))
-    (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "} "))))
+    (|bcHt| "} ")))
 
 ;htFunctionSetLiteral(htPage, val) ==
 ;  htInitPage('"Set Command", nil)
@@ -2855,7 +2826,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htFunctionSetLiteral| (|htPage| |val|)
   (PROGN
-    (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Set Command") NIL)
+    (|htInitPage| "Set Command" NIL)
     (SET (|htpProperty| |htPage| '|variable|)
          (|translateYesNo2TrueFalse| |val|))
     (|htSetFunCommandContinue| |htPage| |val|)))
@@ -2942,24 +2913,22 @@
   (declare (special |$path|))
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
-        (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "System Command") NIL)
+        (|htInitPage| "System Command" NIL)
         (SPADLET |string|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\em )set ")
+                 (STRCONC "{\\em )set "
                           (|listOfStrings2String|
                               (CONS |value| |$path|))
-                          (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                          "}"))
         (|htMakePage|
      (CONS '(|text| "{Here is the AXIOM system command you could have issued:}"
                            "\\vspace{2}\\newline\\centerline{\\tt")
                   (CONS (CONS '|text| |string|) NIL)))
         (|htMakePage| '((|text| . "}\\vspace{1}\\newline\\rm")))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                     "\\vspace{2}{Select \\  \\UpButton{} \\  to go back.}"))
-        (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-    "\\newline{Select \\  \\ExitButton{QuitPage} \\  to remove this window.}"))
+        (|htSay|                      "\\vspace{2}{Select \\  \\UpButton{} \\  to go back.}")
+        (|htSay|     "\\newline{Select \\  \\ExitButton{QuitPage} \\  to remove this window.}")
         (|htProcessDoitButton|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "Press to Remove Page")
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "") (CONS '|htDoNothing| NIL))))
+            (CONS "Press to Remove Page"
+                  (CONS "" (CONS '|htDoNothing| NIL))))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
 ;htSetNotAvailable(htPage,whatToType) ==
@@ -2980,12 +2949,12 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |page|
-                 (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Unavailable Set Command")
+                 (|htInitPage| "Unavailable Set Command"
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-        (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Unavailable System Command") NIL)
+        (|htInitPage| "Unavailable System Command" NIL)
         (SPADLET |string|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |whatToType|
-                          (MAKESTRING "}")))
+                 (STRCONC "{\\em " |whatToType|
+                          "}"))
         (|htMakePage|
             (CONS '(|text| "\\vspace{1}\\newline"
  "{Sorry, but this system command is not available through HyperDoc. Please directly issue this command in an AXIOM window for more information:}"
@@ -2993,8 +2962,8 @@
                   (CONS (CONS '|text| |string|) NIL)))
         (|htMakePage| '((|text| . "}\\vspace{1}\\newline")))
         (|htProcessDoitButton|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "Press to Remove Page")
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "") (CONS '|htDoNothing| NIL))))
+            (CONS "Press to Remove Page"
+                  (CONS "" (CONS '|htDoNothing| NIL))))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
 ;htDoNothing(htPage,command) == nil
@@ -3140,8 +3109,7 @@
                                        (AND G167646 (IDENTP |x|))))))))
                 |parsedNames|)
                ('T
-                (MAKESTRING
-               "Please enter a list of identifiers separated by blanks"))))))))
+                               "Please enter a list of identifiers separated by blanks")))))))
 
 ;chkPosInteger s ==
 ;  (u := parseOnly s) and INTEGERP u and u > 0 => u
@@ -3153,7 +3121,7 @@
       (COND
         ((AND (SPADLET |u| (|parseOnly| |s|)) (INTEGERP |u|) (> |u| 0))
          |u|)
-        ('T (MAKESTRING "Please enter a positive integer"))))))
+        ('T "Please enter a positive integer")))))
 
 ;chkOutputFileName s ==
 ;  bcString2WordList s in '(CONSOLE console) => 'console
@@ -3180,7 +3148,7 @@
         ((AND (SPADLET |u| (|ncParseFromString| |s|)) (INTEGERP |u|)
               (>= |u| 0))
          |u|)
-        ('T (MAKESTRING "Please enter a non-negative integer"))))))
+        ('T "Please enter a non-negative integer")))))
 
 ;chkRange s ==
 ;  (u := ncParseFromString s) and INTEGERP u
@@ -3201,11 +3169,11 @@
               (OR (NULL |$htFinal|) (<= |u| |$htFinal|)))
          |u|)
         ((NULL |$htFinal|)
-         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Please enter an integer greater than ")
+         (STRCONC "Please enter an integer greater than "
                   (|stringize| (SPADDIFFERENCE |$htInitial| 1))))
         ('T
-         (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Please enter an integer between ")
-                  (|stringize| |$htInitial|) (MAKESTRING " and ")
+         (STRCONC "Please enter an integer between "
+                  (|stringize| |$htInitial|) " and "
                   (|stringize| |$htFinal|)))))))
 
 ;chkAllNonNegativeInteger s ==
@@ -3219,8 +3187,7 @@
       (OR (AND (SPADLET |u| (|ncParseFromString| |s|))
                (|member| |u| '(|a| |al| |all| A AL ALL)) 'ALL)
           (|chkNonNegativeInteger| |s|)
-          (MAKESTRING
-              "Please enter {\\em all} or a non-negative integer")))))
+                        "Please enter {\\em all} or a non-negative integer"))))
 
 ;htMakePathKey path ==
 ;  null path => systemError '"path is not set"
@@ -3232,12 +3199,12 @@
 (DEFUN |htMakePathKey,fn| (|a| |b|)
   (SEQ (IF (NULL |b|) (EXIT |a|))
        (EXIT (|htMakePathKey,fn|
-                 (STRCONC |a| (MAKESTRING ".") (PNAME (CAR |b|)))
+                 (STRCONC |a| "." (PNAME (CAR |b|)))
                  (CDR |b|)))))
 
 (DEFUN |htMakePathKey| (|path|)
   (COND
-    ((NULL |path|) (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "path is not set")))
+    ((NULL |path|) (|systemError| "path is not set"))
     ('T
      (INTERN (|htMakePathKey,fn| (PNAME (CAR |path|)) (CDR |path|))))))
 
@@ -3283,44 +3250,44 @@
 ;  htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set compiler output")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetOutputLibrary| (|htPage|)
-  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| (MAKESTRING ")set compiler output")))
+  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| ")set compiler output"))
 
 ;htSetInputLibrary htPage ==
 ;  htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set compiler input")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetInputLibrary| (|htPage|)
-  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| (MAKESTRING ")set compiler input")))
+  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| ")set compiler input"))
 
 ;htSetExpose htPage ==
 ;  htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set expose")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetExpose| (|htPage|)
-  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| (MAKESTRING ")set expose")))
+  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| ")set expose"))
 
 ;htSetKernelProtect htPage ==
 ; htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set kernel protect")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetKernelProtect| (|htPage|)
-  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| (MAKESTRING ")set kernel protect")))
+  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| ")set kernel protect"))
 
 ;htSetKernelWarn htPage ==
 ; htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set kernel warn")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetKernelWarn| (|htPage|)
-  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| (MAKESTRING ")set kernel warn")))
+  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| ")set kernel warn"))
 
 ;htSetOutputCharacters htPage ==
 ;  htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set output characters")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetOutputCharacters| (|htPage|)
-  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| (MAKESTRING ")set output characters")))
+  (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage| ")set output characters"))
 
 ;htSetLinkerArgs htPage ==
 ;  htSetNotAvailable(htPage,'")set fortran calling linker")
 
 (DEFUN |htSetLinkerArgs| (|htPage|)
   (|htSetNotAvailable| |htPage|
-      (MAKESTRING ")set fortran calling linker")))
+      ")set fortran calling linker"))
 
 ;htSetCache(htPage,:options) ==
 ;  $path := '(functions cache)
@@ -3439,21 +3406,20 @@
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS
                                           (STRCONC
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            "Function {\\em ")
+                                                                                       "Function {\\em "
                                            |name|
-                                           (MAKESTRING "} will cache"))
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "values")
+                                           "} will cache")
+                                          (CONS "values"
                                            (CONS 5
                                             (CONS 10
                                              (CONS
                                               (|htMakeLabel|
-                                               (MAKESTRING "c") |i|)
+                                               "c" |i|)
                                               (CONS 'ALLPI NIL))))))
                                          NIL))
                                        NIL)))))
                 (|htSetvarDoneButton|
-                    (MAKESTRING "Select to Set Values") '|htCacheSet|)
+                    "Select to Set Values" '|htCacheSet|)
                 (|htShowPage|))))))))
 
 ;htMakeLabel(prefix,i) == INTERN STRCONC(prefix,stringize i)
@@ -3504,7 +3470,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |num|
                                      (|chkAllNonNegativeInteger|
                                       (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage|
-                                       (|htMakeLabel| (MAKESTRING "c")
+                                       (|htMakeLabel| "c"
                                         |i|))))
                             (SPADLET |$cacheAlist|
                                      (ADDASSOC (INTERN |name|) |num|
@@ -3514,15 +3480,15 @@
                 (SPADLET |$cacheCount| |n|)
                 (SPADLET |$cacheAlist|
                          (|deleteAssoc| '|all| |$cacheAlist|))))
-             (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Cache Summary") NIL)
-             (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "In general, interpreter functions "))
+             (|htInitPage| "Cache Summary" NIL)
+             (|bcHt| "In general, interpreter functions ")
              (|bcHt| (COND
                        ((EQL |$cacheCount| 0)
                         '|will {\\em not} be cached.|)
-                       ('T (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "cache "))
+                       ('T (|bcHt| "cache ")
                         (|htAllOrNum| |$cacheCount|)
-                        (MAKESTRING "} values."))))
-             (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "\\vspace{1}\\newline "))
+                        "} values.")))
+             (|bcHt| "\\vspace{1}\\newline ")
              (COND
                (|$cacheAlist|
                    (DO ((G167801 |$cacheAlist| (CDR G167801))
@@ -3542,16 +3508,15 @@
                                   ((NEQUAL |val| |$cacheCount|)
                                    (PROGN
                                      (|bcHt|
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "\\newline function {\\em "))
+                                                                             "\\newline function {\\em ")
                                      (|bcHt| (|stringize| |name|))
                                      (|bcHt|
-                                      (MAKESTRING "} will cache "))
+                                      "} will cache ")
                                      (|htAllOrNum| |val|)
-                                     (|bcHt| (MAKESTRING "} values"))))))))))
+                                     (|bcHt| "} values")))))))))
              (|htProcessDoitButton|
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "Press to Remove Page")
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "") (CONS '|htDoNothing| NIL))))
+                 (CONS "Press to Remove Page"
+                       (CONS "" (CONS '|htDoNothing| NIL))))
              (|htShowPage|))))))
 
 ;htAllOrNum val == bcHt
@@ -3561,10 +3526,10 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htAllOrNum| (|val|)
   (|bcHt| (COND
-            ((BOOT-EQUAL |val| '|all|) (MAKESTRING "{\\em all"))
-            ((EQL |val| 0) (MAKESTRING "{\\em no"))
+            ((BOOT-EQUAL |val| '|all|) "{\\em all")
+            ((EQL |val| 0) "{\\em no")
             ('T
-             (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "the last {\\em ")
+             (STRCONC "the last {\\em "
                       (|stringize| |val|))))))
 
 ;htCacheOne names ==
@@ -3600,7 +3565,7 @@
               (|inputStrings|
                   ("Enter {\\em all} or a positive integer:" "" 5 10
                    |c1| ALLPI))))
-        (|htSetvarDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Select to Set Value")
+        (|htSetvarDoneButton| "Select to Set Value"
             '|htCacheSet|)
         (|htShowPage|)))))
 
@@ -3622,8 +3587,8 @@
   (declare (special |$saturn|))
   (COND
     (|$saturn| (|downlinkSaturn| |page|))
-    ('T (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Bridge") NIL)
-     (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\replacepage{") |page| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+    ('T (|htInitPage| "Bridge" NIL)
+     (|htSay| "\\replacepage{" |page| "}")
      (|htShowPage|))))
 
 ;downlinkSaturn fn ==
@@ -3641,7 +3606,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |u| (|dbReadLines| |fn|))
-             (SPADLET |lines| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             (SPADLET |lines| "")
              (DO ()
                  ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |u|)
                              (PROGN
@@ -3668,9 +3633,9 @@
 
 (DEFUN |dbNonEmptyPattern| (|pattern|)
   (COND
-    ((NULL |pattern|) (MAKESTRING "*"))
+    ((NULL |pattern|) "*")
     ('T (SPADLET |pattern| (STRINGIMAGE |pattern|))
-     (COND ((> (|#| |pattern|) 0) |pattern|) ('T (MAKESTRING "*"))))))
+     (COND ((> (|#| |pattern|) 0) |pattern|) ('T "*")))))
 
 ;htSystemVariables() == main where
 ;  main ==
@@ -3770,13 +3735,13 @@
                                         (CONS
                                          (CONS '|text|
                                           (CONS (ELT |options| 0)
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "-")
+                                           (CONS "-"
                                             (CONS
                                              (OR (ELT |options| 1)
-                                              (MAKESTRING ""))
+                                              "")
                                              NIL))))
                                          NIL)
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS
                                           '|htSetSystemVariableKind|
                                           (CONS
@@ -3798,8 +3763,8 @@
                                         NIL))
                                       NIL))))))
        (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |class| 'STRING)
-           (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |val|
-                          (MAKESTRING "}\\space{1}"))))
+           (EXIT (|htSay| "{\\em " |val|
+                          "}\\space{1}")))
        (EXIT (DO ((G167913 |options| (CDR G167913)) (|x| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G167913)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G167913)) NIL))
@@ -3808,13 +3773,13 @@
                                 (AND (BOOT-EQUAL |val| 'T)
                                      (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '|on|)))
                             (AND (NULL |val|) (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '|off|)))
-                        (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |x|
-                                       (MAKESTRING "}\\space{1}"))))
+                        (EXIT (|htSay| "{\\em " |x|
+                                       "}\\space{1}")))
                     (EXIT (|htMakePage|
                               (CONS (CONS '|bcLispLinks|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS |x|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                       (CONS " "
                                         (CONS '|htSetSystemVariable|
                                          (CONS
                                           (CONS |variable|
@@ -3835,8 +3800,8 @@
                           (|htMakePage|
                               (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                      (CONS
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "reset")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                      (CONS "reset"
+                                       (CONS ""
                                         (CONS
                                          '|htSetSystemVariableKind|
                                          (CONS
@@ -3876,8 +3841,8 @@
                        (NREVERSE
                            (|htSystemVariables,fn| |$setOptions| NIL
                                'T)))
-              (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "System Variables") NIL)
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\beginmenu"))
+              (|htInitPage| "System Variables" NIL)
+              (|htSay| "\\beginmenu")
               (SPADLET |lastHeading| NIL)
               (DO ((G167961 |table| (CDR G167961)) (G167879 NIL))
                   ((OR (ATOM G167961)
@@ -3897,17 +3862,17 @@
                          NIL))
                    NIL)
                 (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline\\item "))
+                             (|htSay| "\\newline\\item ")
                              (COND
                                ((BOOT-EQUAL |heading| |lastHeading|)
-                                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{8}")))
+                                (|htSay| "\\tab{8}"))
                                ('T
                                 (|htSay| |heading|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "\\tab{8}"))
+                                         "\\tab{8}")
                                 (SPADLET |lastHeading| |heading|)))
-                             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em ") |name|
+                             (|htSay| "{\\em " |name|
                                       '|}\\tab{22}| |message|)
-                             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{80}"))
+                             (|htSay| "\\tab{80}")
                              (COND
                                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| 'FUNCTION)
                                 (COND
@@ -3916,8 +3881,8 @@
                                     (CONS
                                      (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                       (CONS
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "reset")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                       (CONS "reset"
+                                        (CONS ""
                                          (CONS |func| (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                        NIL))
                                      NIL)))
@@ -3957,10 +3922,9 @@
                                           (SPADLET |valuesOrFunction|
                                            (CADDDR |option|))
                                           (|htSay|
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            "\\newline\\tab{22}")
+                                                                                       "\\newline\\tab{22}"
                                            |msg|
-                                           (MAKESTRING "\\tab{80}"))
+                                           "\\tab{80}")
                                           (|htSystemVariables,functionTail|
                                            |name| |class| |var|
                                            |valuesOrFunction|)))))))))
@@ -3968,7 +3932,7 @@
                                 (|htSystemVariables,displayOptions|
                                     |name| |key| |variable| |val|
                                     |options|)))))))
-              (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu")) (|htShowPage|)))))))
+              (|htSay| "\\endmenu") (|htShowPage|)))))))
 
 ;htSetSystemVariableKind(htPage,[variable,name,fun]) ==
 ;  value := htpLabelInputString(htPage,name)
@@ -4018,7 +3982,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |htGloss| (|pattern|)
   (|htGlossPage| NIL
-      (OR (|dbNonEmptyPattern| |pattern|) (MAKESTRING "*")) 'T))
+      (OR (|dbNonEmptyPattern| |pattern|) "*") 'T))
 
 ;htGlossPage(htPage,pattern,tryAgain?) ==
 ;  $wildCard: local := char '_*
@@ -4066,7 +4030,7 @@
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |$wildCard| (|char| '*))
              (COND
-               ((BOOT-EQUAL |pattern| (MAKESTRING "*"))
+               ((BOOT-EQUAL |pattern| "*")
                 (|downlink| '|GlossaryPage|))
                ('T (SPADLET |filter| (|pmTransFilter| |pattern|))
                 (SPADLET |grepForm| (|mkGrepPattern| |filter| '|none|))
@@ -4074,25 +4038,22 @@
                 (SPADLET |results| (|applyGrep| |grepForm| '|gloss|))
                 (SPADLET |defstream|
                          (MAKE-INSTREAM
-                             (STRCONC (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "/algebra/glossdef.text"))))
+                             (STRCONC (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                                                                             "/algebra/glossdef.text")))
                 (SPADLET |lines|
                          (|gatherGlossLines| |results| |defstream|))
                 (SPADLET |heading|
                          (COND
-                           ((BOOT-EQUAL |pattern| (MAKESTRING ""))
-                            (MAKESTRING "Glossary"))
+                           ((BOOT-EQUAL |pattern| "")
+                            "Glossary")
                            ((NULL |lines|)
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "No glossary items match {\\em ")
+                            (CONS                                       "No glossary items match {\\em "
                                   (CONS |pattern|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))
                            ('T
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      "Glossary items matching {\\em ")
+                            (CONS                                       "Glossary items matching {\\em "
                                   (CONS |pattern|
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))))
+                                        (CONS "}" NIL))))))
                 (COND
                   ((NULL |lines|)
                    (COND
@@ -4109,25 +4070,25 @@
                              NIL))
                         ('T
                          (|errorPage| |htPage|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "Sorry")
+                             (CONS "Sorry"
                                    (CONS NIL
                                     (CONS
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{")
+                                     (CONS "\\centerline{"
                                       (APPEND |heading|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                                       (CONS "}" NIL)))
                                      NIL)))))))
                      ('T
                       (|errorPage| |htPage|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "Sorry")
+                          (CONS "Sorry"
                                 (CONS NIL
                                       (CONS
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{")
+                                        "\\centerline{"
                                         (APPEND |heading|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                                         (CONS "}" NIL)))
                                        NIL)))))))
                   ('T (|htInitPageNoScroll| NIL |heading|)
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll\\beginmenu"))
+                   (|htSay| "\\beginscroll\\beginmenu")
                    (DO ((G168058 |lines| (CDR G168058))
                         (|line| NIL))
                        ((OR (ATOM G168058)
@@ -4137,31 +4098,29 @@
                                   (SPADLET |tick|
                                            (|charPosition| |$tick|
                                             |line| 1))
-                                  (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                "\\item{\\em \\menuitemstyle{}}\\tab{0}{\\em ")
+                                  (|htSay|                                 "\\item{\\em \\menuitemstyle{}}\\tab{0}{\\em "
                                            (|escapeString|
                                             (SUBSTRING |line| 0 |tick|))
-                                           (MAKESTRING "} ")
+                                           "} "
                                            (SUBSTRING |line|
                                             (PLUS |tick| 1) NIL))))))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\endmenu "))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\endscroll\\newline "))
+                   (|htSay| "\\endmenu ")
+                   (|htSay| "\\endscroll\\newline ")
                    (|htMakePage|
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcLinks|
                                    (CONS
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "Search")
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "")
+                                    (CONS "Search"
+                                     (CONS ""
                                       (CONS '|htGlossSearch|
                                        (CONS NIL NIL))))
                                     NIL))
                              NIL))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                                " for glossary entry matching "))
+                   (|htSay|                                 " for glossary entry matching ")
                    (|htMakePage|
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                    (CONS
                                     (CONS 24
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "*")
+                                     (CONS "*"
                                       (CONS '|filter| (CONS 'EM NIL))))
                                     NIL))
                              NIL))
@@ -4311,17 +4270,14 @@
                 (|bcErrorPage| |s|))
                ((NULL |s|)
                 (|errorPage| NIL
-                    (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Missing search string")
+                    (CONS (CONS "Missing search string"
                                 NIL)
                           (CONS NIL
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-      "\\vspace{2}\\centerline{To select one of the greek letters:}\\newline ")
+                                (CONS       "\\vspace{2}\\centerline{To select one of the greek letters:}\\newline "
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
- "\\centerline{{\\em first} enter a search key into the input area}\\newline ")
+                                        "\\centerline{{\\em first} enter a search key into the input area}\\newline "
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
- "\\centerline{{\\em then } move the mouse cursor to the work {\\em search} and click}")
+                                         "\\centerline{{\\em then } move the mouse cursor to the work {\\em search} and click}"
                                         NIL)))))))
                ('T (SPADLET |filter| (|patternCheck| |s|))
                 (SPADLET |names|
@@ -4341,13 +4297,12 @@
                                          (CONS |x| |nonmatches|)))))))
                 (SPADLET |matches| (NREVERSE |matches|))
                 (SPADLET |nonmatches| (NREVERSE |nonmatches|))
-                (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Greek Names") NIL)
+                (|htInitPage| "Greek Names" NIL)
                 (COND
                   ((NULL |matches|)
                    (|htInitPage|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Greek names matching search string {\\em ")
-                             (CONS |ss| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                       (CONS                                  "Greek names matching search string {\\em "
+                             (CONS |ss| (CONS "}" NIL)))
                        NIL)
  (|htSay| '|\\vspace{2}\\centerline{Sorry, but no greek letters match your search string}\\centerline{{\\em |
                             |ss|
@@ -4355,32 +4310,29 @@
                    (|htShowPage|))
                   ('T
                    (|htInitPage|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Greek letters matching search string {\\em ")
-                             (CONS |ss| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                       (CONS                                  "Greek letters matching search string {\\em "
+                             (CONS |ss| (CONS "}" NIL)))
                        NIL)
                    (COND
                      (|nonmatches|
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-               "The greek letters that {\\em match} your search string {\\em ")
-                                  |ss| (MAKESTRING "}:")))
+                         (|htSay|                "The greek letters that {\\em match} your search string {\\em "
+                                  |ss| "}:"))
                      ('T
-                      (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Your search string {\\em ")
+                      (|htSay| "Your search string {\\em "
                                |ss|
                                '|} matches all of the greek letters:|)))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\table{"))
+                   (|htSay| "{\\em \\table{")
                    (DO ((G168158 |matches| (CDR G168158))
                         (|x| NIL))
                        ((OR (ATOM G168158)
                             (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G168158)) NIL))
                         NIL)
-                     (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{") |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "}")))))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}}\\vspace{1}"))
+                     (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| "{" |x|
+                                         "}"))))
+                   (|htSay| "}}\\vspace{1}")
                    (COND
                      (|nonmatches|
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-  "The greek letters that {\\em do not match} your search string:{\\em \\table{"))
+                         (|htSay|   "The greek letters that {\\em do not match} your search string:{\\em \\table{")
                          (DO ((G168167 |nonmatches| (CDR G168167))
                               (|x| NIL))
                              ((OR (ATOM G168167)
@@ -4388,9 +4340,9 @@
                                     (SETQ |x| (CAR G168167))
                                     NIL))
                               NIL)
-                           (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{") |x|
-                                       (MAKESTRING "}")))))
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}}"))))
+                           (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| "{" |x|
+                                       "}"))))
+                         (|htSay| "}}")))
                    (|htShowPage|))))))))))
 
 ;htTextSearch(filter) ==
@@ -4437,24 +4389,19 @@
                 (|bcErrorPage| |s|))
                ((NULL |s|)
                 (|errorPage| NIL
-                    (CONS (CONS (MAKESTRING "Missing search string")
+                    (CONS (CONS "Missing search string"
                                 NIL)
                           (CONS NIL
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-      "\\vspace{2}\\centerline{To select one of the lines of text:}\\newline ")
+                                (CONS       "\\vspace{2}\\centerline{To select one of the lines of text:}\\newline "
                                       (CONS
-                                       (MAKESTRING
- "\\centerline{{\\em first} enter a search key into the input area}\\newline ")
+                                        "\\centerline{{\\em first} enter a search key into the input area}\\newline "
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
- "\\centerline{{\\em then } move the mouse cursor to the work {\\em search} and click}")
+                                         "\\centerline{{\\em then } move the mouse cursor to the work {\\em search} and click}"
                                         NIL)))))))
                ('T (SPADLET |filter| |s|)
                 (SPADLET |lines|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING
-            "{{\\em Fruit flies} *like* a {\\em banana and califlower ears.}}")
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                              "{{\\em Sneak Sears Silas with Savings Snatch}}")
+                         (CONS             "{{\\em Fruit flies} *like* a {\\em banana and califlower ears.}}"
+                               (CONS                               "{{\\em Sneak Sears Silas with Savings Snatch}}"
                                      NIL)))
                 (DO ((G168191 |lines| (CDR G168191)) (|x| NIL))
                     ((OR (ATOM G168191)
@@ -4469,13 +4416,12 @@
                                          (CONS |x| |nonmatches|)))))))
                 (SPADLET |matches| (NREVERSE |matches|))
                 (SPADLET |nonmatches| (NREVERSE |nonmatches|))
-                (|htInitPage| (MAKESTRING "Text Matches") NIL)
+                (|htInitPage| "Text Matches" NIL)
                 (COND
                   ((NULL |matches|)
                    (|htInitPage|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Lines matching search string {\\em ")
-                             (CONS |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                       (CONS                                  "Lines matching search string {\\em "
+                             (CONS |s| (CONS "}" NIL)))
                        NIL)
                    (|htSay| '|\\vspace{2}\\centerline{Sorry, but no lines match your search string}\\centerline{{\\em |
                             |s|
@@ -4483,31 +4429,28 @@
                    (|htShowPage|))
                   ('T
                    (|htInitPage|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                 "Lines matching search string {\\em ")
-                             (CONS |s| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL)))
+                       (CONS                                  "Lines matching search string {\\em "
+                             (CONS |s| (CONS "}" NIL)))
                        NIL)
                    (COND
                      (|nonmatches|
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                       "The lines that {\\em match} your search string {\\em ")
-                                  |s| (MAKESTRING "}:")))
+                         (|htSay|                        "The lines that {\\em match} your search string {\\em "
+                                  |s| "}:"))
                      ('T
-                      (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Your search string {\\em ")
+                      (|htSay| "Your search string {\\em "
                                |s| '|} matches both lines:|)))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{\\em \\table{"))
+                   (|htSay| "{\\em \\table{")
                    (DO ((G168200 |matches| (CDR G168200))
                         (|x| NIL))
                        ((OR (ATOM G168200)
                             (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G168200)) NIL))
                         NIL)
-                     (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{") |x|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "}")))))
-                   (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}}\\vspace{1}"))
+                     (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| "{" |x|
+                                         "}"))))
+                   (|htSay| "}}\\vspace{1}")
                    (COND
                      (|nonmatches|
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-      "The line that {\\em does not match} your search string:{\\em \\table{"))
+                         (|htSay|       "The line that {\\em does not match} your search string:{\\em \\table{")
                          (DO ((G168209 |nonmatches| (CDR G168209))
                               (|x| NIL))
                              ((OR (ATOM G168209)
@@ -4515,9 +4458,9 @@
                                     (SETQ |x| (CAR G168209))
                                     NIL))
                               NIL)
-                           (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "{") |x|
-                                       (MAKESTRING "}")))))
-                         (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}}"))))
+                           (SEQ (EXIT (|htSay| "{" |x|
+                                       "}"))))
+                         (|htSay| "}}")))
                    (|htShowPage|))))))))))
 
 ;htTutorialSearch pattern ==
@@ -4544,24 +4487,23 @@
                       (OR (|dbNonEmptyPattern| |pattern|)
                           (RETURN
                             (|errorPage| NIL
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "Empty search key")
+                                (CONS "Empty search key"
                                       (CONS NIL
                                        (CONS
-                                        (MAKESTRING
-                                         "\\vspace{3}\\centerline{You must enter some search string")
+                                                                                 "\\vspace{3}\\centerline{You must enter some search string"
                                         NIL)))))))
              (SPADLET |s| (|mkUnixPattern| |s|))
              (SPADLET |source|
-                      (MAKESTRING "$AXIOM/doc/hypertex/pages/ht.db"))
-             (SPADLET |target| (MAKESTRING "/tmp/temp.text.$SPADNUM"))
-             (OBEY (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "$AXIOM/lib/hthits")
-                            (MAKESTRING " \"") |s| (MAKESTRING "\" ")
-                            |source| (MAKESTRING " > ") |target|))
+                      "$AXIOM/doc/hypertex/pages/ht.db")
+             (SPADLET |target| "/tmp/temp.text.$SPADNUM")
+             (OBEY (STRCONC "$AXIOM/lib/hthits"
+                            " \"" |s| "\" "
+                            |source| " > " |target|))
              (SPADLET |lines| (|dbReadLines| '|temp|))
              (|htInitPageNoScroll| NIL
-                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "Tutorial Pages mentioning {\\em ")
-                       (CONS |pattern| (CONS (MAKESTRING "}") NIL))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\beginscroll\\table{"))
+                 (CONS "Tutorial Pages mentioning {\\em "
+                       (CONS |pattern| (CONS "}" NIL))))
+             (|htSay| "\\beginscroll\\table{")
              (DO ((G168241 |lines| (CDR G168241)) (|line| NIL))
                  ((OR (ATOM G168241)
                       (PROGN (SETQ |line| (CAR G168241)) NIL))
@@ -4570,12 +4512,12 @@
                             (SPADLET |LETTMP#1| (|dbParts| |line| 3 0))
                             (SPADLET |name| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
                             (SPADLET |title| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
-                            (|htSay| (CONS (MAKESTRING "{\\downlink{")
+                            (|htSay| (CONS "{\\downlink{"
                                       (CONS |title|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "}{")
+                                       (CONS "}{"
                                         (CONS |name|
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "}}") NIL))))))))))
-             (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "}"))
+                                         (CONS "}}" NIL))))))))))
+             (|htSay| "}")
              (|htShowPage|))))))
 
 ;mkUnixPattern s ==
@@ -4620,15 +4562,15 @@
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |u|
                                    (STRCONC (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |i|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING ".*")
+                                    ".*"
                                     (SUBSTRING |u| (PLUS |i| 1) NIL))))))
              (COND
                ((NEQUAL (ELT |u| 0) |$wild|)
-                (SPADLET |u| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "[^a-zA-Z]") |u|)))
+                (SPADLET |u| (STRCONC "[^a-zA-Z]" |u|)))
                ('T (SPADLET |u| (SUBSTRING |u| 1 NIL))))
              (COND
                ((NEQUAL (ELT |u| (SPADLET |k| (MAXINDEX |u|))) |$wild|)
-                (SPADLET |u| (STRCONC |u| (MAKESTRING "[^a-zA-Z]"))))
+                (SPADLET |u| (STRCONC |u| "[^a-zA-Z]")))
                ('T (SPADLET |u| (SUBSTRING |u| 0 |k|))))
              |u|)))))
 
diff --git a/src/interp/htcheck.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/htcheck.lisp.pamphlet
index f3f2231..de7f665 100644
--- a/src/interp/htcheck.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/htcheck.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |$htMacroTable| (MAKE-HASHTABLE 'UEQUAL))
              (SPADLET |fn|
-                      (CONCAT (|getEnv| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM"))
-                              (MAKESTRING "/doc/util.ht")))
+                      (CONCAT (|getEnv| "AXIOM")
+                              "/doc/util.ht"))
              (COND
                ((PROBE-FILE |fn|)
                 (SPADLET |instream| (MAKE-INSTREAM |fn|))
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
                   (SEQ (EXIT (HPUT |$htMacroTable| |s| |n|)))))
                ('T
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (MAKESTRING "Warning: macro table not found"))))
+                    "Warning: macro table not found")))
              |$htMacroTable|)))))
 
 ;READLINE(:s) ==
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
   (PROG (|k| |command| |m| |i| |j| |digitString| |numOfArgs|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((NULL (|stringPrefix?| (MAKESTRING "\\newcommand{")
+             ((NULL (|stringPrefix?| "\\newcommand{"
                         |line|))
               NIL)
              ('T (SPADLET |k| (|charPosition| (|char| '}) |line| 11))
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
             (|member| |arg| (ELT |tree| 4)))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| 'INTEGER) (INTEGERP |arg|))
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| 'FUNCTION) (ATOM |arg|))
-           ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "unknown tree branch")))))))))
+           ('T (|systemError| "unknown tree branch"))))))))
 
 ;buildHtMacroTable()
 
diff --git a/src/interp/i-analy.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-analy.lisp.pamphlet
index 59283e2..aaf230d 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-analy.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-analy.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@
         (SPADLET |ms| (|bottomUp| |pred|))
         (COND
           ((NEQUAL |$Boolean| (CAR |ms|))
-           (|throwKeyedMsg| (MAKESTRING "S2IB0001") (CONS |name| NIL)))
+           (|throwKeyedMsg| "S2IB0001" (CONS |name| NIL)))
           ('T |ms|))))))
 
 ;bottomUpCompilePredicate(pred, name) ==
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@
       (COND
         ((SPADLET |m| (|isType| |t|)) (|bottomUpType| |t| |m|))
         ((EQ |id| '|noMapVal|)
-         (|throwKeyedMsg| (MAKESTRING "S2IB0002") NIL))
+         (|throwKeyedMsg| "S2IB0002" NIL))
         ((EQ |id| '|noBranch|)
          (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
              (CONS "bottomUpIdentifier"
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@
         ((SPADLET |m| (|getMode| |t|))
          (COND
            ((AND (PAIRP |m|) (EQ (QCAR |m|) '|Mapping|))
-            (|throwKeyedMsg| (MAKESTRING "S2IB0003")
+            (|throwKeyedMsg| "S2IB0003"
                 (CONS (|getUnname| |t|) NIL)))
            ('T
             (COND
@@ -1716,14 +1716,14 @@
                 ((NULL |$genValue|)
                  (SPADLET |amsl| (|printableArgModeSetList|))
                  (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IB0008
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "the union object")
+                     (CONS "the union object"
                            (CONS |amsl| NIL))
                      |op|))
                 ('T (SPADLET |object| (|retract| (|getValue| |op|)))
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |object| '|failed|)
                     (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IB0008
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "the union object")
+                        (CONS "the union object"
                               (CONS |amsl| NIL))
                         |op|))
                    ('T
@@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@
                           (COND
                             ((SPADLET |o| (|getValue| |op0|))
                              (|prefix2String| (|objMode| |o|)))
-                            ('T (MAKESTRING "<unknown type>"))))
+                            ('T "<unknown type>")))
                  (SPADLET |msgKey|
                           (COND
                             ((NULL |amsl|) 'S2IB0013)
@@ -1949,8 +1949,8 @@
               (SPADLET |val| (|fetchOutput| |i|))
               (|putValue| |op| |val|)
               (|putModeSet| |op| (CONS (|objMode| |val|) NIL)))
-             ('T (|throwKeyedMsgSP| (MAKESTRING "S2IB0006") NIL |t|))))
-          ('T (|throwKeyedMsgSP| (MAKESTRING "S2IB0006") NIL |op|)))))))
+             ('T (|throwKeyedMsgSP| "S2IB0006" NIL |t|))))
+          ('T (|throwKeyedMsgSP| "S2IB0006" NIL |op|)))))))
 
 ;bottomUpFormRetract(t,op,opName,argl,amsl) ==
 ;  -- tries to find one argument, which can be pulled back, and calls
diff --git a/src/interp/i-coerce.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-coerce.lisp.pamphlet
index 5a01c10..81d6719 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-coerce.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-coerce.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ The special routines that  do the coercions typically  involve a "2"
            ((AND (PAIRP |t1|) (PROGN (SPADLET D (QCAR |t1|)) 'T))
             (SPADLET |fun|
                      (OR (GETL D '|retract|)
-                         (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "retract")
+                         (INTERN (STRCONC "retract"
                                           (STRINGIMAGE D)))))
             (COND
               ((|functionp| |fun|) (PUT D '|retract| |fun|)
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ The special routines that  do the coercions typically  involve a "2"
         (SPADLET |val| (|objValUnwrap| |object|))
         (SPADLET |target|
                  (CONS '|Union|
-                       (CONS |u| (CONS (MAKESTRING "failed") NIL))))
+                       (CONS |u| (CONS "failed" NIL))))
         (SPADLET |funName| '|retractIfCan|)
         (COND
           (|$reportBottomUpFlag|
@@ -3596,7 +3596,7 @@ Interpreter Coercion Query Functions
                       (|$reportBottomUpFlag|
                           (|sayFunctionSelection| '|map| |args| |t2|
                               NIL
-                              (MAKESTRING "coercion facility (map)"))))
+                              "coercion facility (map)")))
                     (SPADLET |mms|
                              (|selectMms1| '|map| |t2| |args| |args|
                                  NIL))
@@ -4007,7 +4007,7 @@ Interpreter Coercion Query Functions
                    (PROGN (SPADLET D (QCAR |source|)) 'T))
               (SPADLET |fun|
                        (OR (GETL D '|coerceCommute|)
-                           (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "commute")
+                           (INTERN (STRCONC "commute"
                                     (STRINGIMAGE D)))))
               (COND
                 ((|functionp| |fun|) (PUT D '|coerceCommute| |fun|)
diff --git a/src/interp/i-eval.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-eval.lisp.pamphlet
index c29e942..1fdbf6f 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-eval.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-eval.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ the alternate polynomial types of Symbols.
       ((QUOTE T)
        (SPADLET |t'| (|coerceOrRetract| |t'| |t|))
        (AND |t'| (|wrapped2Quote| (|objVal| |t'|))))))
-    ((QUOTE T) (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "getArgValue"))))))) 
+    ((QUOTE T) (|systemErrorHere| "getArgValue")))))) 
 
 ;getArgValue2(a,t,se?,opName) ==
 ;  se? and (objMode(getValue a) ^= t) =>
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ the alternate polynomial types of Symbols.
 (DEFUN |failCheck| (|x|)
  (declare (special |$coerceFailure| |$String|))
  (COND
-  ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "failed"))
+  ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "failed")
    (|stopTimingProcess| (|peekTimedName|))
     (THROW (QUOTE |interpreter|) (|objNewWrap| "failed" |$String|)))
   ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| |$coerceFailure|) NIL)
diff --git a/src/interp/i-intern.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-intern.lisp.pamphlet
index 5c7d1cb..1e23d5a 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-intern.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-intern.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ Maker of attrib tree from parser form
       ((QUOTE T)
        (SPADLET |fn| (|lnPlaceOfOrigin| (|poGetLineObject| |pos|)))
        (COND
-        ((OR (NULL |fn|) (BOOT-EQUAL |fn| (MAKESTRING "strings")))
-         (SPADLET |fn| (MAKESTRING "console"))))
+        ((OR (NULL |fn|) (BOOT-EQUAL |fn| "strings"))
+         (SPADLET |fn| "console")))
        (|putSrcPos| |atree| |fn|
         (|pfSourceText| |pf|)
         (|pfLinePosn| |pos|)
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ we match the correct number of args
   (RETURN
    (COND
     ((NULL |x|)
-     (|throwKeyedMsg| (QUOTE S2IP0005) (CONS (MAKESTRING "NIL") NIL)))
+     (|throwKeyedMsg| (QUOTE S2IP0005) (CONS "NIL" NIL)))
     ((VECP |x|) |x|)
     ((ATOM |x|)
      (COND
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ we match the correct number of args
            (SPADLET |argl| (QCDR |x|))
            (QUOTE T)))
      (|mkAtree2| |x| |op| |argl|))
-    ((QUOTE T) (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "mkAtree1"))))))) 
+    ((QUOTE T) (|systemErrorHere| "mkAtree1")))))) 
 
 @
 \subsection{mkAtree2}
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ mkAtree2 and mkAtree3 were created because mkAtree1 got so big
    (EXIT
     (IF (BOOT-EQUAL |a| |b|)
      |a|
-     (|throwMessage| (MAKESTRING "   double declaration of parameter")))))
+     (|throwMessage| "   double declaration of parameter"))))
   (EXIT (OR |a| |b|)))) 
 
 (DEFUN |mkAtree3| (|x| |op| |argl|)
@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ Transforms from an atree back into a tree
       ((BOOT-EQUAL |newOp| (QUOTE |Dollar|))
        (SPADLET |newOp| (QUOTE |$elt|))))
      (CONS |newOp| (|unVectorize| |argl|)))
-    ((QUOTE T) (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "unVectorize"))))))) 
+    ((QUOTE T) (|systemErrorHere| "unVectorize")))))) 
 
 @
 \section{Stuffing and Getting Info}
@@ -1998,7 +1998,7 @@ May be a number or a vector
       ((SPADLET |u| (|get| |id| (QUOTE |value|) |e|))
        (COND
         ((BOOT-EQUAL (|objMode| |u|) |$EmptyMode|)
-         (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "getValueFromSpecificEnvironment")))
+         (|systemErrorHere| "getValueFromSpecificEnvironment"))
         ((QUOTE T)
          (SPADLET |v| (|objValUnwrap| |u|))
          (COND
@@ -2477,8 +2477,8 @@ by x. x is a VAT.
      (SPADLET |col| (|srcPosColumn| |sp|))
      (SPADLET |dots|
       (COND
-       ((EQL |col| 0) (MAKESTRING ""))
-       ((QUOTE T) (|fillerSpaces| |col| (MAKESTRING ".")))))
+       ((EQL |col| 0) "")
+       ((QUOTE T) (|fillerSpaces| |col| "."))))
      (|sayBrightly|
       (CONS (|fillerSpaces| (|#| |s|) " ") (CONS |dots| (CONS "^" NIL))))
      (QUOTE T)))))) 
diff --git a/src/interp/i-map.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-map.lisp.pamphlet
index ebd9d1c..064f35e 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-map.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-map.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
          (COND
            ((OR (> 7 |sz|) (NEQUAL (|char| '*) (ELT |name'| 0))) NIL)
            ((NULL (DIGITP (ELT |name'| 1))) NIL)
-           ((NULL (STRPOS (MAKESTRING ";") |name'| 1 NIL)) NIL)
+           ((NULL (STRPOS ";" |name'| 1 NIL)) NIL)
            ('T 'T)))))))
 
 ;makeInternalMapMinivectorName(name) ==
@@ -104,18 +104,18 @@
 
 (DEFUN |makeInternalMapMinivectorName| (|name|)
   (COND
-    ((STRINGP |name|) (INTERN (STRCONC |name| (MAKESTRING ";MV"))))
-    ('T (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |name|) (MAKESTRING ";MV"))))))
+    ((STRINGP |name|) (INTERN (STRCONC |name| ";MV")))
+    ('T (INTERN (STRCONC (PNAME |name|) ";MV")))))
 
 ;mkCacheName(name) == INTERNL(STRINGIMAGE name,'";AL")
 
 (DEFUN |mkCacheName| (|name|)
-  (INTERNL (STRINGIMAGE |name|) (MAKESTRING ";AL")))
+  (INTERNL (STRINGIMAGE |name|) ";AL"))
 
 ;mkAuxiliaryName(name) == INTERNL(STRINGIMAGE name,'";AUX")
 
 (DEFUN |mkAuxiliaryName| (|name|)
- (INTERNL (STRINGIMAGE |name|) (MAKESTRING ";AUX"))) 
+ (INTERNL (STRINGIMAGE |name|) ";AUX")) 
 
 ;--% Adding a function definition
 ;isMapExpr x == x is ['MAP,:.]
@@ -1783,7 +1783,7 @@
                                           (EXIT
                                            (SETQ G167142
                                             (APPEND G167142
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                             (CONS " "
                                               (CONS |map| NIL)))))))))
                                    NIL))))))
                ('T (PUSH |mapAndArgTypes| |$analyzingMapList|)
@@ -1890,7 +1890,7 @@
      (COND
        (|$reportInterpOnly| (|sayMSG| |msg|)
            (|sayMSG|
-               (MAKESTRING "   We will attempt to interpret the code."))))
+               "   We will attempt to interpret the code.")))
      (COND
        ((NULL |$compilingMap|)
         (THROW '|loopCompiler| '|tryInterpOnly|))
@@ -2599,7 +2599,7 @@
                           (CONS (COND
                                   ((PAIRP |sig|)
                                    (|prefix2String| (CAR |sig|)))
-                                  ('T (MAKESTRING "?")))
+                                  ('T "?"))
                                 NIL))))
                ('T
                 (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IM0015
@@ -3667,7 +3667,7 @@
 ;  INTERN CONCAT('"#",STRINGIMAGE i)
 
 (DEFUN |mkSharpVar| (|i|)
-  (INTERN (CONCAT (MAKESTRING "#") (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
+  (INTERN (CONCAT "#" (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
 
 ;mapPredTran pred ==
 ;  -- transforms "x in i..j" to "x>=i and x<=j"
diff --git a/src/interp/i-output.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-output.lisp.pamphlet
index a355a91..baac0a3 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-output.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-output.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@
              ((ATOM |o|)
               (COND
                 ((STRINGP |o|) |o|)
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |o| '| |) (MAKESTRING " "))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |o| '|)|) (MAKESTRING ")"))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |o| '|(|) (MAKESTRING "("))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |o| '| |) " ")
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |o| '|)|) ")")
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |o| '|(|) "(")
                 ('T (STRINGIMAGE |o|))))
              ('T
               (APPLY 'STRCONC
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ these functions return an updated ``layout so far'' in general
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
              ((|member| |x| '("failed" "nil" "prime" "sqfr" "irred"))
-              (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\"") |x| (MAKESTRING "\"")))
+              (STRCONC "\"" |x| "\""))
              ((STRINGP |x|) |x|)
              ((VECP |x|)
               (|outputTran|
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ these functions return an updated ``layout so far'' in general
                     (SPADLET |targ'| (CONS 'PAREN (CONS |targ'| NIL)))))
                  (CONS 'CONCAT
                        (CONS (|outputTran| (CONS |fun| |l|))
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "$") (CONS |targ'| NIL)))))
+                             (CONS "$" (CONS |targ'| NIL)))))
                 ((OR (AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) '|$elt|)
                           (PROGN
                             (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |x|))
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ these functions return an updated ``layout so far'' in general
                     (SPADLET |targ'| (CONS 'PAREN (CONS |targ'| NIL)))))
                  (CONS 'CONCAT
                        (CONS (|outputTran| |c|)
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "$") (CONS |targ'| NIL)))))
+                             (CONS "$" (CONS |targ'| NIL)))))
                 ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (EQ (QCAR |x|) '-)
                       (PROGN
                         (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |x|))
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ these functions return an updated ``layout so far'' in general
                                     (PROGN
                                       (SPADLET |foo3| (QCAR |ISTMP#2|))
                                       'T)))))
-                      (BOOT-EQUAL |op'| (MAKESTRING "*"))
+                      (BOOT-EQUAL |op'| "*")
                       (OR (AND (PAIRP |foo3|) (EQ (QCAR |foo3|) '|log|)
                                (PROGN
                                  (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCDR |foo3|))
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |arg'| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |def'| (CDR |LETTMP#1|))
         (SPADLET |arg'| (|outputTran| |arg'|))
-        (COND ((NULL |arg'|) (SPADLET |arg'| (MAKESTRING "()"))))
+        (COND ((NULL |arg'|) (SPADLET |arg'| "()")))
         (CONS 'CONCATB
               (CONS |$op|
                     (CONS (|outputTran| |arg'|)
@@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |init| (CADDR G167334))
         (SPADLET |one| (CADDDR G167334))
         (SPADLET |optFinal| (CDDDDR G167334))
-        (SPADLET |d| (|appChar| (MAKESTRING "for ") |x| |y| |d|))
+        (SPADLET |d| (|appChar| "for " |x| |y| |d|))
         (SPADLET |d| (APP |a| (SPADLET |w| (PLUS |x| 4)) |y| |d|))
         (SPADLET |d|
                  (|appChar| " in " (SPADLET |w| (PLUS |w| (WIDTH |a|)))
@@ -2219,7 +2219,7 @@ NIL
                                        ('T '+)))
                             (SPADLET |opString|
                                      (OR (GETL |infixOp| 'INFIXOP)
-                                      (MAKESTRING ",")))
+                                      ","))
                             (SPADLET |d| (APP |opString| |x| |y| |d|))
                             (SPADLET |x| (PLUS |x| (WIDTH |opString|)))
                             (SPADLET |arg| (|absym| |arg|))
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ NIL
                                    NIL))))
                   ('T
                    (SPADLET |opString|
-                            (OR (GETL |op| 'INFIXOP) (MAKESTRING ",")))
+                            (OR (GETL |op| 'INFIXOP) ","))
                    (SPADLET |opWidth| (WIDTH |opString|))
                    (SPADLET |frst| (CADR |e|))
                    (SPADLET |rst| (CDDR |e|))
@@ -3027,8 +3027,8 @@ NIL
                                        (COND
                                          ((BOOT-EQUAL |name|
                                            |firstName|)
-                                          (MAKESTRING "where "))
-                                         ('T (MAKESTRING "and "))))
+                                          "where ")
+                                         ('T "and ")))
                                       (SPADLET |line|
                                        (STRCONC |andWhere|
                                         (PNAME |name|)))
@@ -3529,7 +3529,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |opCode|
                  (COND
                    ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|sigma|)
-                    (CONS (CONS '(0 . 0) (MAKESTRING ">"))
+                    (CONS (CONS '(0 . 0) ">")
                           (CONS (CONS '(0 . 1) (|specialChar| '|hbar|))
                                 (CONS (CONS '(0 . -1)
                                        (|specialChar| '|hbar|))
@@ -3946,8 +3946,7 @@ NIL
                 (|sayALGEBRA|
                     (CONS '|%l|
                           (CONS '|%b|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                       "  Too wide to Print")
+                                (CONS "  Too wide to Print"
                                       (CONS '|%d| NIL)))))
                 (THROW '|output| NIL))
                ('T
@@ -4241,8 +4240,8 @@ NIL
                          (|compiledLookup| '|print| '($)
                              (|TextWriter|))))
            (|sayMSGNT|
-               (APPEND (|bright| (MAKESTRING "AXIOM-XL"))
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "output:   ") NIL)))
+               (APPEND (|bright| "AXIOM-XL")
+                       (CONS "output:   " NIL)))
            (SPADCALL (SPADCALL |textwrit|) |expr| |printfun|)
            (|sayMSGNT| '|%l|))
           ((AND (PAIRP |domain|) (EQ (QCAR |domain|) '|Tuple|)
@@ -4254,10 +4253,10 @@ NIL
                (CONS '|List| (CONS S NIL))))
           ('T
            (|sayALGEBRA|
-               (APPEND (|bright| (MAKESTRING "LISP"))
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "output:")
+               (APPEND (|bright| "LISP")
+                       (CONS "output:"
                              (CONS '|%l|
-                                   (CONS (OR |expr| (MAKESTRING "NIL"))
+                                   (CONS (OR |expr| "NIL")
                                     NIL)))))))))))
 
 ;outputNumber(start,linelength,num) ==
@@ -4293,9 +4292,9 @@ NIL
                ((> |start| 1)
                 (SPADLET |blnks|
                          (|fillerSpaces| (SPADDIFFERENCE |start| 1)
-                             (MAKESTRING " "))))
-               ('T (SPADLET |blnks| (MAKESTRING ""))))
-             (SPADLET |under| (MAKESTRING "_"))
+                             " ")))
+               ('T (SPADLET |blnks| "")))
+             (SPADLET |under| "_")
              (SPADLET |firsttime| (> |linelength| 3))
              (COND
                ((> |linelength| 2)
@@ -4323,7 +4322,7 @@ NIL
                               (|firsttime|
                                   (SPADLET |blnks|
                                            (CONCAT |blnks|
-                                            (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                                            " "))
                                   (SPADLET |linelength|
                                            (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength|
                                             1))
@@ -4360,8 +4359,8 @@ NIL
                ((> |start| 1)
                 (SPADLET |blnks|
                          (|fillerSpaces| (SPADDIFFERENCE |start| 1)
-                             (MAKESTRING " "))))
-               ('T (SPADLET |blnks| (MAKESTRING ""))))
+                             " ")))
+               ('T (SPADLET |blnks| "")))
              (DO () ((NULL (> (SIZE |str|) |linelength|)) NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (COND
@@ -4488,9 +4487,7 @@ NIL
                                           (COND
                                             (|x'|
                                              (|objValUnwrap| |x'|))
-                                            ('T
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "unprintableObject")))))
+                                            ('T "unprintableObject"))))
                                        G168949))))))))
                     (CONS |u| |argl|))))))
              ('T |form|))))))
@@ -4712,7 +4709,7 @@ NIL
                        (PROGN (SETQ |a| (CAR G169131)) NIL))
                    NIL)
                 (SEQ (EXIT (|charyTop| |a| |start| |linelength|))))
-              (MAKESTRING " "))
+              " ")
              ((AND (PAIRP |u|)
                    (PROGN
                      (SPADLET |ISTMP#1| (QCAR |u|))
@@ -4776,7 +4773,7 @@ NIL
                       (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                    (|scylla| |n| |d|)
                                    (SPADLET |n| (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| 1))))))
-                    (MAKESTRING " ")))))))))))
+                    " "))))))))))
 
 ;charyTopWidth u ==
 ;    atom u => u
@@ -5018,7 +5015,7 @@ NIL
          (COND
            ((CDR |u|)
             (|charybdis| (CONS 'ELSE (CDR |u|)) |start| |linelength|)))
-         (MAKESTRING " "))))))
+         " ")))))
 
 ;charySemiColon(u,v,start,linelength) ==
 ;  for a in rest u repeat
@@ -5042,10 +5039,10 @@ NIL
 (DEFUN |charyMinus| (|u| |v| |start| |linelength|)
   (declare (ignore |u|))
   (PROGN
-    (|charybdis| (MAKESTRING "-") |start| |linelength|)
+    (|charybdis| "-" |start| |linelength|)
     (|charybdis| (ELT |v| 1) (PLUS |start| 3)
         (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 3))
-    (MAKESTRING " ")))
+    " "))
 
 ;charyBinary(d,u,v,start,linelength) ==
 ;  d in '(" := " "= ") =>
@@ -5065,14 +5062,14 @@ NIL
          |start| |linelength|)
      (|charybdis| (ELT |v| 2) (PLUS |start| 2)
          (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 2))
-     (MAKESTRING " "))
+     " ")
     ('T
      (|charybdis| (ELT |v| 1) (PLUS |start| 2)
          (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 2))
      (COND (|d| (|prnd| |start| |d|)))
      (|charybdis| (ELT |v| 2) (PLUS |start| 2)
          (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 2))
-     (MAKESTRING " "))))
+     " ")))
 
 ;charyEquatnum(u,v,start,linelength) ==
 ;  charybdis(['PAREN,u.1],start,linelength)
@@ -5085,7 +5082,7 @@ NIL
     (|charybdis| (CONS 'PAREN (CONS (ELT |u| 1) NIL)) |start|
         |linelength|)
     (|charybdis| (ELT |u| 2) |start| |linelength|)
-    (MAKESTRING " ")))
+    " "))
 
 ;charySplit(u,v,start,linelength) ==
 ;  v:= [first v.0,:rest v]
@@ -5120,7 +5117,7 @@ NIL
                 (|charybdis| (ELT |v| 1) (PLUS |start| 2)
                     (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 2))
                 (COND
-                  ((NULL (CDDR |v|)) (MAKESTRING " "))
+                  ((NULL (CDDR |v|)) " ")
                   ('T (SPADLET |dm| (CDDR |v|))
                    (SPADLET |ddm| (CDR |dm|))
                    (|split2| |u| |dm| |ddm| |start| |linelength|))))
@@ -5158,7 +5155,7 @@ NIL
         (|prnd| |start|
                 (COND
                   ((SPADLET |d| (GETL (|keyp| |u|) 'INFIXOP)) |d|)
-                  ('T (MAKESTRING ","))))
+                  ('T ",")))
         (RPLACD |dm| |ddm|)
         (SPADLET |m|
                  (> (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 2)
@@ -5168,7 +5165,7 @@ NIL
             (COND
               (|m| (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 2))
               ('T |linelength|)))
-        (MAKESTRING " ")))))
+        " "))))
 
 ;charyElse(u,v,start,linelength) ==
 ;  charybdis(v.1,start+3,linelength-3)
@@ -5182,10 +5179,10 @@ NIL
     (|charybdis| (ELT |v| 1) (PLUS |start| 3)
         (SPADDIFFERENCE |linelength| 3))
     (COND
-      ((NULL (CDDR |u|)) (MAKESTRING " "))
-      ('T (|prnd| |start| (MAKESTRING ","))
+      ((NULL (CDDR |u|)) " ")
+      ('T (|prnd| |start| ",")
        (|charybdis| (CONS 'ELSE (CDDR |v|)) |start| |linelength|)
-       (MAKESTRING " ")))))
+       " "))))
 
 ;scylla(n,v) ==
 ;  y := LASSOC(n,v)
@@ -5314,7 +5311,7 @@ NIL
 ;appagg(u,x,y,d) == appagg1(u,x,y,d,'",")
 
 (DEFUN |appagg| (|u| |x| |y| |d|)
- (|appagg1| |u| |x| |y| |d| (MAKESTRING ","))) 
+ (|appagg1| |u| |x| |y| |d| ",")) 
 
 ;appagg1(u,x,y,d,s) ==
 ;  null u => d
@@ -5340,7 +5337,7 @@ NIL
 ;appargs(u,x,y,d) == appargs1(u,x,y,d,'";")
 
 (DEFUN |appargs| (|u| |x| |y| |d|)
-  (|appargs1| |u| |x| |y| |d| (MAKESTRING ";")))
+  (|appargs1| |u| |x| |y| |d| ";"))
 
 ;--Note that the definition of appargs1 below is identical to that of
 ;--appagg1 above except that the former calls appargs and the latter
@@ -5371,9 +5368,9 @@ NIL
 (DEFUN |apprpar| (|x| |y| |y1| |y2| |d|)
   (COND
     ((OR (NULL *TALLPAR) (> 2 (SPADDIFFERENCE |y2| |y1|)))
-     (APP (MAKESTRING ")") |x| |y| |d|))
+     (APP ")" |x| |y| |d|))
     ('T
-     (APP (MAKESTRING ")") |x| |y2|
+     (APP ")" |x| |y2|
           (|apprpar1| |x| |y| |y1| (SPADDIFFERENCE |y2| 1) |d|)))))
 
 ;apprpar1(x, y, y1, y2, d) ==
@@ -5382,9 +5379,9 @@ NIL
 
 (DEFUN |apprpar1| (|x| |y| |y1| |y2| |d|)
   (COND
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |y1| |y2|) (APP (MAKESTRING ")") |x| |y2| |d|))
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |y1| |y2|) (APP ")" |x| |y2| |d|))
     ('T
-     (APP (MAKESTRING ")") |x| |y2|
+     (APP ")" |x| |y2|
           (|apprpar1| |x| |y| |y1| (SPADDIFFERENCE |y2| 1) |d|)))))
 
 ;applpar(x, y, y1, y2, d) ==
@@ -5394,9 +5391,9 @@ NIL
 (DEFUN |applpar| (|x| |y| |y1| |y2| |d|)
   (COND
     ((OR (NULL *TALLPAR) (> 2 (SPADDIFFERENCE |y2| |y1|)))
-     (APP (MAKESTRING "(") |x| |y| |d|))
+     (APP "(" |x| |y| |d|))
     ('T
-     (APP (MAKESTRING "(") |x| |y2|
+     (APP "(" |x| |y2|
           (|applpar1| |x| |y| |y1| (SPADDIFFERENCE |y2| 1) |d|)))))
 
 ;applpar1(x, y, y1, y2, d) ==
@@ -5405,9 +5402,9 @@ NIL
 
 (DEFUN |applpar1| (|x| |y| |y1| |y2| |d|)
   (COND
-    ((BOOT-EQUAL |y1| |y2|) (APP (MAKESTRING "(") |x| |y2| |d|))
+    ((BOOT-EQUAL |y1| |y2|) (APP "(" |x| |y2| |d|))
     ('T
-     (APP (MAKESTRING "(") |x| |y2|
+     (APP "(" |x| |y2|
           (|applpar1| |x| |y| |y1| (SPADDIFFERENCE |y2| 1) |d|)))))
 
 ;--The body of the function appelse assigns 6 local variables.
@@ -5468,7 +5465,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |d| (APP (CADR |u|) |x| |y| |d|))
         (SPADLET |d| (APP (|agg| 2 |u|) |xptr| |yptr| |d|))
         (SPADLET |xptr| (PLUS |xptr| (WIDTH (|agg| 2 |u|))))
-        (SPADLET |d| (APP (MAKESTRING "=") |xptr| |yptr| |d|))
+        (SPADLET |d| (APP "=" |xptr| |yptr| |d|))
         (SPADLET |d| (APP (|agg| 3 |u|) (PLUS 1 |xptr|) |yptr| |d|))
         (SPADLET |yptr|
                  (PLUS (PLUS (PLUS |y| 1) (|superspan| (CADR |u|)))
@@ -5538,8 +5535,8 @@ NIL
         ('T (SPADLET |ac| (|absym| (CAR |u|)))
          (SPADLET |sc|
                   (COND
-                    ((|syminusp| (CAR |u|)) (MAKESTRING "-"))
-                    ('T (MAKESTRING "+"))))
+                    ((|syminusp| (CAR |u|)) "-")
+                    ('T "+")))
          (SPADLET |dp| (|member| (|keyp| (|absym| (CAR |u|))) '(+ -)))
          (SPADLET |tempx|
                   (PLUS (PLUS |x| (WIDTH |ac|)) (COND (|dp| 5) ('T 3))))
@@ -5598,7 +5595,7 @@ NIL
 ;  appagg1(rest u, x, y, d, '";")
 
 (DEFUN |appsc| (|u| |x| |y| |d|)
-  (|appagg1| (CDR |u|) |x| |y| |d| (MAKESTRING ";")))
+  (|appagg1| (CDR |u|) |x| |y| |d| ";"))
 
 ;appsetq(u, x, y, d) ==
 ;  w := WIDTH first u
@@ -5613,7 +5610,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |w| (WIDTH (CAR |u|)))
         (SPADLET |temparg1| (APP (CADR |u|) |x| |y| |d|))
         (SPADLET |temparg2|
-                 (APP (MAKESTRING ":") (PLUS |x| |w|) |y| |temparg1|))
+                 (APP ":" (PLUS |x| |w|) |y| |temparg1|))
         (APP (CADR (CDR |u|)) (PLUS (PLUS |x| 2) |w|) |y| |temparg2|)))))
 
 ;appsub(u, x, y, d) ==
@@ -5653,7 +5650,7 @@ NIL
       (COND
         ((NULL |l|) |l|)
         ((EQ (SPADLET |a| (CAAR |l|)) 1)
-         (LIST 'CONCAT (CADR (CAR |l|)) (MAKESTRING " OTHERWISE")))
+         (LIST 'CONCAT (CADR (CAR |l|)) " OTHERWISE"))
         ((EQCAR |a| 'COMPARG)
          (|starstarcond| (CONS (|transcomparg| (CADR |a|)) (CDR |l|))
              |iforwhen|))
@@ -5663,7 +5660,7 @@ NIL
         ('T
          (LIST 'VCONCAT
                (|starstarcond| (CONS (CAR |l|) NIL) |iforwhen|)
-               (LIST 'VCONCAT (MAKESTRING "  ")
+               (LIST 'VCONCAT "  "
                      (|starstarcond| (CDR |l|) |iforwhen|))))))))
 
 ;eq0(u) == 0
@@ -5829,7 +5826,7 @@ NIL
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |temparg1| (APP (CADR |u|) |x| |y| |d|))
         (SPADLET |temparg2|
-                 (APP (MAKESTRING "/") (PLUS |x| (WIDTH (CADR |u|)))
+                 (APP "/" (PLUS |x| (WIDTH (CADR |u|)))
                       |y| |temparg1|))
         (APP (CADR (CDR |u|)) (PLUS (PLUS |x| 1) (WIDTH (CADR |u|)))
              |y| |temparg2|)))))
@@ -5862,12 +5859,12 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |y| (CAR |x|))
         (SPADLET |u|
                  (|remWidth|
-                     (REVERSEWOC (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") (CDR |x|)))))
+                     (REVERSEWOC (CONS " " (CDR |x|)))))
         (|charybdis| |u| |i| |n|)
         (COND
           ((NULL |$collectOutput|) (TERPRI |$algebraOutputStream|)))
         (|charybdis| (CONS 'ELSE (LIST |y|)) |i| |n|)
-        (MAKESTRING " ")))))
+        " "))))
 
 ;appvertline(char, x, yl, yu, d) ==
 ;  yu < yl => d
@@ -6329,9 +6326,9 @@ NIL
                                      (PROGN
                                        (COND
                                          ((BOOT-EQUAL |flag|
-                                           (MAKESTRING "ON"))
+                                           "ON")
                                           (SPADLET |flag|
-                                           (MAKESTRING "OFF"))
+                                           "OFF")
                                           (RETURN NIL)))
                                        (COND
                                          ((NULL |row|)
@@ -6353,7 +6350,7 @@ NIL
                                                 (RETURN
                                                   (PROGN
                                                     (SPADLET |flag|
-                                                     (MAKESTRING "ON"))
+                                                     "ON")
                                                     NIL)))))))
                                          ('T
                                           (SPADLET |d|
@@ -6541,7 +6538,7 @@ NIL
                                         (SETQ G169906
                                          (CONS
                                           (LIST 'CONCAT
-                                           (MAKESTRING " ") |y|)
+                                           " " |y|)
                                           G169906)))))))))
              (DO () (NIL NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
@@ -6588,7 +6585,7 @@ NIL
                             (COND
                               (|$collectOutput|
                                   (TERPRI |$algebraOutputStream|)))
-                            (SPADLET |ichr| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                            (SPADLET |ichr| " ")
                             (SPADLET |u| |nextu|)
                             (COND ((NULL |u|) (RETURN NIL))))))))))))
 
@@ -7261,7 +7258,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |b| (CADR |u|))
         (SPADLET |a| (CADDR |u|))
         (SPADLET |w| (|vConcatWidth| |u|))
-        (SPADLET |d| (APP (MAKESTRING "(") |x| |y| |d|))
+        (SPADLET |d| (APP "(" |x| |y| |d|))
         (SPADLET |x| (PLUS |x| 1))
         (SPADLET |y1| (SPADDIFFERENCE |y| (|height| |a|)))
         (SPADLET |xoff| (QUOTIENT (SPADDIFFERENCE |w| (WIDTH |a|)) 2))
@@ -7270,7 +7267,7 @@ NIL
         (SPADLET |xoff| (QUOTIENT (SPADDIFFERENCE |w| (WIDTH |b|)) 2))
         (SPADLET |d| (APP |b| (PLUS |x| |xoff|) |y2| |d|))
         (SPADLET |x| (PLUS |x| |w|))
-        (APP (MAKESTRING ")") |x| |y| |d|)))))
+        (APP ")" |x| |y| |d|)))))
 
 ;vConcatSub u ==
 ;  subspan u.1 + +/[height a for a in CDDR u]
diff --git a/src/interp/i-resolv.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-resolv.lisp.pamphlet
index 0c5843f..10011c1 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-resolv.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-resolv.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ this symmetric resolution is done the following way:
                          (NULL (NULL |bad|)))
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (COND
-                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |d| (MAKESTRING "failed"))
+                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |d| "failed")
                                 (SPADLET |ud| (CONS |d| |ud|)))
                                ((NULL (SPADLET |d'|
                                        (|resolveTT| |d| |t2|)))
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ this symmetric resolution is done the following way:
                          (NULL (NULL |bad|)))
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (COND
-                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |d| (MAKESTRING "failed"))
+                               ((BOOT-EQUAL |d| "failed")
                                 (SPADLET |ud|
                                          (APPEND |ud| (CONS |d| NIL))))
                                ((NULL (SPADLET |d'|
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ this symmetric resolution is done the following way:
                       NIL)
                    (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                                 (SPADLET |sharp|
-                                         (INTERNL (MAKESTRING "#")
+                                         (INTERNL "#"
                                           (STRINGIMAGE |i|)))
                                 (COND
                                   ((BOOT-EQUAL |sharp| |pat|)
diff --git a/src/interp/i-spec1.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-spec1.lisp.pamphlet
index 814b1fb..d85ae8f 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-spec1.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-spec1.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
 ;--% Void stuff
 ;voidValue() == '"()"
 
-(DEFUN |voidValue| () (MAKESTRING "()")) 
+(DEFUN |voidValue| () "()") 
 
 ;--% Handlers for Anonymous Function Definitions
 ;upADEF t ==
@@ -306,9 +306,9 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |$mapName|
                       (|makeInternalMapName|
-                          (MAKESTRING "anonymousFunction") (|#| |vars|)
+                          "anonymousFunction" (|#| |vars|)
                           |$anonymousMapCounter|
-                          (MAKESTRING "internal")))
+                          "internal"))
              (SPADLET |$anonymousMapCounter|
                       (PLUS 1 |$anonymousMapCounter|))
              (SPADLET |$compilingMap| 'T)
@@ -389,8 +389,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
       (SEQ (COND
              ((NULL (CAR |types|)) (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0056 NIL)
               (|throwMessage|
-                  (MAKESTRING
-                      "   map result type needed but not present.")))
+                                        "   map result type needed but not present."))
              ('T
               (SPADLET |arglCode|
                        (CONS 'LIST
@@ -660,7 +659,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                       (|objValUnwrap| |canonicalAE|)
                                       NIL)))))
                (SPADLET |saeTypeSynonym|
-                        (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "SAE")
+                        (INTERN (STRCONC "SAE"
                                          (STRINGIMAGE |a|))))
                (SPADLET |saeTypeSynonymValue|
                         (|objNew| |sae| '(|Domain|)))
@@ -679,18 +678,18 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                      (|sayMSG|
                          (|concat|
                              (CONS '|%l|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                                   (CONS "   "
                                     (CONS |saeTypeSynonym|
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING " := ")
+                                     (CONS " := "
                                       (|prefix2String|
                                        (|objVal| |saeTypeSynonymValue|))))))))
                      (|sayMSG|
                          (|concat|
-                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "   ")
+                             (CONS "   "
                                    (CONS |a|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING " : ")
+                                    (CONS " : "
                                      (CONS |saeTypeSynonym|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING " := ")
+                                      (CONS " := "
                                        (CONS |a| NIL))))))))))
                (|putValue| |op| T2)
                (|putModeSet| |op| (CONS |sae| NIL)))))))))))
@@ -770,7 +769,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
            ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |ms|) (EQ (QCDR |ms|) NIL)
                        (EQUAL (QCAR |ms|) |$Boolean|)))
             (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IS0054
-                (CONS 1 (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"and\"") NIL)) |term1|))
+                (CONS 1 (CONS "\"and\"" NIL)) |term1|))
            (|$genValue|
                (COND
                  ((|BooleanEquality|
@@ -783,7 +782,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                     ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |ms|) (EQ (QCDR |ms|) NIL)
                                 (EQUAL (QCAR |ms|) |$Boolean|)))
                      (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IS0054
-                         (CONS 2 (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"and\"") NIL))
+                         (CONS 2 (CONS "\"and\"" NIL))
                          |term2|))
                     ('T (|putValue| |x| (|getValue| |term2|))
                      (|putModeSet| |x| |ms|))))))
@@ -792,7 +791,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
               ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |ms|) (EQ (QCDR |ms|) NIL)
                           (EQUAL (QCAR |ms|) |$Boolean|)))
                (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IS0054
-                   (CONS 2 (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"and\"") NIL)) |term2|))
+                   (CONS 2 (CONS "\"and\"" NIL)) |term2|))
               ('T
                (SPADLET |cond|
                         (CONS (|mkAtreeNode| '=)
@@ -863,7 +862,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
            ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |ms|) (EQ (QCDR |ms|) NIL)
                        (EQUAL (QCAR |ms|) |$Boolean|)))
             (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IS0054
-                (CONS 1 (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"or\"") NIL)) |term1|))
+                (CONS 1 (CONS "\"or\"" NIL)) |term1|))
            (|$genValue|
                (COND
                  ((|BooleanEquality|
@@ -876,7 +875,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                     ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |ms|) (EQ (QCDR |ms|) NIL)
                                 (EQUAL (QCAR |ms|) |$Boolean|)))
                      (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IS0054
-                         (CONS 2 (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"or\"") NIL))
+                         (CONS 2 (CONS "\"or\"" NIL))
                          |term2|))
                     ('T (|putValue| |x| (|getValue| |term2|))
                      (|putModeSet| |x| |ms|))))))
@@ -885,7 +884,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
               ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |ms|) (EQ (QCDR |ms|) NIL)
                           (EQUAL (QCAR |ms|) |$Boolean|)))
                (|throwKeyedMsgSP| 'S2IS0054
-                   (CONS 2 (CONS (MAKESTRING "\"or\"") NIL)) |term2|))
+                   (CONS 2 (CONS "\"or\"" NIL)) |term2|))
               ('T
                (SPADLET |cond|
                         (CONS (|mkAtreeNode| '=)
@@ -1551,11 +1550,9 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                          ('T
                                           (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
                                            (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "transformCollect")
+                                                                                         "transformCollect"
                                             (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "Unknown type of iterator")
+                                                                                           "Unknown type of iterator"
                                              NIL))))))))))))))
              (APPEND |iterList| (CONS |bodyTree| NIL)))))))
 
@@ -1676,7 +1673,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                             'T))))
                                       (EXIT
                                        (|bottomUpCompilePredicate|
-                                        |pred| (MAKESTRING "until"))))))))
+                                        |pred| "until")))))))
                       (SPADLET |mode| (CONS '|Tuple| (CONS |m| NIL)))
                       (|evalCOLLECT| |op| (CDR |t|) |mode|)
                       (|putModeSet| |op| (CONS |mode| NIL)))))))))))
@@ -1720,7 +1717,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                           (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                          'T))))
                            (|bottomUpCompilePredicate| |pred|
-                               (MAKESTRING "while")))
+                               "while"))
                           ((AND (PAIRP |iter|)
                                 (EQ (QCAR |iter|) 'SUCHTHAT)
                                 (PROGN
@@ -1732,7 +1729,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                           (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                          'T))))
                            (|bottomUpCompilePredicate| |pred|
-                               (MAKESTRING "|")))
+                               "|"))
                           ((AND (PAIRP |iter|)
                                 (EQ (QCAR |iter|) 'UNTIL))
                            NIL)
@@ -1881,7 +1878,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                          'T)))))))
               (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0006 (CONS |index| NIL)))
              ('T (|put| |index| '|mode| |ud| |$env|)
-              (|mkLocalVar| (MAKESTRING "the iterator expression")
+              (|mkLocalVar| "the iterator expression"
                   |index|)))))))))
 
 ;upLoopIterSTEP(index,lower,step,upperList) ==
@@ -1918,7 +1915,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                 ((NULL (OR (|typeIsASmallInteger| |ltype|)
                            (|isEqualOrSubDomain| |ltype| |$Integer|)))
                  (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0007
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "lower") NIL)))
+                     (CONS "lower" NIL)))
                 ('T
                  (SPADLET |stype|
                           (IFCAR (|bottomUpUseSubdomain| |step|)))
@@ -1946,7 +1943,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                         (|isEqualOrSubDomain| |utype|
                                          |$Integer|)))
                                       (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0007
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "upper") NIL))))))))
+                                       (CONS "upper" NIL))))))))
                     (COND
                       (|utype| (SPADLET |types| (CONS |utype| |types|)))
                       ('T (SPADLET |types| (CONS |stype| |types|))))
@@ -1954,7 +1951,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                              (|resolveTypeListAny| (REMDUP |types|)))
                     (|put| |index| '|mode| |type| |$env|)
                     (|mkLocalVar|
-                      (MAKESTRING "the iterator expression") |index|)))))))))))
+                      "the iterator expression" |index|)))))))))))
 
 ;evalCOLLECT(op,[:itrl,body],m) ==
 ;  iters := [evalLoopIter itr for itr in itrl]
@@ -2789,7 +2786,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                        'T))))))))
            (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0006 (CONS |index| NIL)))
           ('T (|put| |index| '|mode| |ud| |$env|)
-           (|mkLocalVar| (MAKESTRING "the iterator expression")
+           (|mkLocalVar| "the iterator expression"
                |index|)
            (SPADLET |s|
                     (COND
@@ -2867,7 +2864,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                          |lower|)))
                         |$Integer|))
               (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0007
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "lower") NIL)))
+                  (CONS "lower" NIL)))
              ((NULL (|isEqualOrSubDomain|
                         (SPADLET |stype|
                                  (IFCAR (|bottomUpUseSubdomain| |step|)))
@@ -2887,7 +2884,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                      |$Integer|))
                                    (EXIT
                                     (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0007
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "upper") NIL))))))))
+                                     (CONS "upper" NIL))))))))
                    (|put| |index| '|mode|
                           (SPADLET |type|
                                    (|resolveTT| |ltype| |stype|))
@@ -2895,7 +2892,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                    (COND
                      ((NULL |type|)
                       (EXIT (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0010 NIL))))
-                   (|mkLocalVar| (MAKESTRING "the iterator expression")
+                   (|mkLocalVar| "the iterator expression"
                        |index|)
                    (SPADLET |s|
                             (COND
@@ -3004,7 +3001,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                   (PROGN
                                     (SPADLET |ud| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                     'T))))))
-           (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "Not a Stream")))
+           (|systemError| "Not a Stream"))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |newVal|
                     (|objNew| (|objVal| |val|)
@@ -3148,7 +3145,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                     (SPADLET |indMode|
                                      (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                     'T))))))
-           (|keyedSystemError| (MAKESTRING "S2GE0016")
+           (|keyedSystemError| "S2GE0016"
                '("mkIterFun" "bad stream index type")))
           ('T (|put| |index| '|mode| |indMode| |$env|)
            (|mkLocalVar| |$mapName| |index|)
@@ -3553,7 +3550,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                   (PROGN
                                     (SPADLET |ud| (QCAR |ISTMP#1|))
                                     'T))))))
-           (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "Not a Stream")))
+           (|systemError| "Not a Stream"))
           ('T
            (SPADLET |newVal|
                     (|objNew| (|objVal| |val|)
@@ -4853,8 +4850,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
           ((|isWrapped| (|objVal| |triple|)) |triple|)
           ((|isLocalVar| (|objVal| |triple|))
            (|compFailure|
-               (MAKESTRING
-                   "   Local variable or parameter used in type")))
+                                  "   Local variable or parameter used in type"))
           ('T
            (|objNewWrap| (|timedEVALFUN| (|objVal| |triple|))
                (|objMode| |triple|))))))))
diff --git a/src/interp/i-spec2.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-spec2.lisp.pamphlet
index 3ac0223..4fa3a2f 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-spec2.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-spec2.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -98,16 +98,16 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
          (COND
            ((OR (NULL (LISTP |def|)) (NULL |def|))
             (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                (CONS (MAKESTRING "upDEF")
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "bad map definition") NIL))))
+                (CONS "upDEF"
+                      (CONS "bad map definition" NIL))))
            ('T (SPADLET |mapOp| (CAR |def|))
             (COND
               ((LISTP |mapOp|)
                (COND
                  ((NULL |mapOp|)
                   (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "upDEF")
-                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "bad map definition")
+                      (CONS "upDEF"
+                            (CONS "bad map definition"
                                   NIL))))
                  ('T (SPADLET |mapOp| (CAR |mapOp|))))))
             (|put| |mapOp| '|value| |v| |$e|)
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
   (declare (ignore  |type|))
   (PROGN
     (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0055
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "free") (CONS |var| NIL)))
+        (CONS "free" (CONS |var| NIL)))
     |var|))
 
 ;uplocalWithType(var,type) ==
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
   (declare (ignore  |type|))
   (PROGN
     (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0055
-        (CONS (MAKESTRING "local") (CONS |var| NIL)))
+        (CONS "local" (CONS |var| NIL)))
     |var|))
 
 ;--% Handlers for has
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                        (SPADLET |b| (QCAR |ISTMP#3|))
                                        'T)))))))))
          NIL)
-        ('T (|bottomUpPredicate| |cond| (MAKESTRING "if/when"))
+        ('T (|bottomUpPredicate| |cond| "if/when")
          (COND
            (|$genValue| (|interpIF| |op| |cond| |a| |b|))
            ('T (|compileIF| |op| |cond| |a| |b| |t|))))))))
@@ -991,8 +991,8 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
           ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |mS|) (EQ (QCDR |mS|) NIL)
                       (PROGN (SPADLET |m| (QCAR |mS|)) 'T)))
            (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "upisAndIsnt")
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "non-unique modeset") NIL))))
+               (CONS "upisAndIsnt"
+                     (CONS "non-unique modeset" NIL))))
           ('T (|putPvarModes| (|removeConstruct| |pattern|) |m|)
            (|evalis| |op| (CDR |t|) |m|)
            (|putModeSet| |op| (CONS |$Boolean| NIL))))))))
@@ -1464,9 +1464,8 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                 ('T (|isPatMatch| (CDR |l|) |restPats|))))
              ('T
               (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "isPatMatch")
-                        (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                  "unknown form of is predicate")
+                  (CONS "isPatMatch"
+                        (CONS "unknown form of is predicate"
                               NIL)))))))))
 
 ;--% Handler for iterate
@@ -1484,7 +1483,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((NULL |$repeatBodyLabel|)
-         (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0029 (CONS (MAKESTRING "iterate") NIL)))
+         (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0029 (CONS "iterate" NIL)))
         ('T (SPADLET |$iterateCount| (PLUS |$iterateCount| 1))
          (SPADLET |code|
                   (CONS 'THROW
@@ -1518,7 +1517,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                       (AND (PAIRP |ISTMP#1|) (EQ (QCDR |ISTMP#1|) NIL)))))
          NIL)
         ((NULL |$repeatLabel|)
-         (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0029 (CONS (MAKESTRING "break") NIL)))
+         (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0029 (CONS "break" NIL)))
         ('T (SPADLET |$breakCount| (PLUS |$breakCount| 1))
          (SPADLET |code|
                   (CONS 'THROW
@@ -1599,7 +1598,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                (|upLETWithPatternOnLhs| |t|))
               ((BOOT-EQUAL |var| 'QUOTE)
                (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0027
-                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "A quoted form") NIL)))
+                   (CONS "A quoted form" NIL)))
               ('T (|upLETWithFormOnLhs| |op| |lhs| |rhs|))))
            ('T (SPADLET |var| (|getUnname| |lhs|))
             (COND
@@ -1624,12 +1623,12 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                      (|putHist| |var| '|isInterpreterFunction| NIL
                          |$e|)
                      (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0049
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "Function")
+                         (CONS "Function"
                                (CONS |var| NIL))))
                     ((|get| |var| '|isInterpreterRule| |$e|)
                      (|putHist| |var| '|isInterpreterRule| NIL |$e|)
                      (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0049
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "Rule") (CONS |var| NIL))))
+                         (CONS "Rule" (CONS |var| NIL))))
                     ('T NIL))
                   (COND
                     ((AND (NULL (|isTupleForm| |rhs|))
@@ -1844,12 +1843,9 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                       (|isSubDomain| |om| |dm|)
                                       (|isSubDomain| |dm| |om|))))
                           (|compFailure|
-                              (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "   The type of the local variable")
+                              (CONS "   The type of the local variable"
                                     (APPEND (|bright| |name|)
-                                     (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "has changed in the computation.")
+                                     (CONS "has changed in the computation."
                                       NIL)))))
                          ('T
                           (COND
@@ -1929,7 +1925,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
         (SPADLET |failCode|
                  (CONS '|spadThrowBrightly|
                        (CONS (CONS '|concat|
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Pattern")
+                                   (CONS "   Pattern"
                                     (CONS
                                      (CONS 'QUOTE
                                       (CONS
@@ -1937,8 +1933,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                         (|form2String| |pattern|))
                                        NIL))
                                      (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                            "is not matched in assignment to right-hand side.")
+                 "is not matched in assignment to right-hand side."
                                       NIL))))
                              NIL)))
         (COND
@@ -2307,7 +2302,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                ((NEQUAL (|#| |args|) 1)
                 (|throwKeyedMsg| 'S2IS0041
                     (CONS (CONS (|getUnname| |htOp|)
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING ".[")
+                                (CONS ".["
                                       (CONS (|getUnname| (CAR |args|))
                                        (CONS
                                         (PROG (G167309)
@@ -2328,11 +2323,11 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                                 (SETQ G167309
                                                  (APPEND G167309
                                                   (CONS
-                                                   (MAKESTRING ",")
+                                                   ","
                                                    (CONS
                                                     (|getUnname| |arg|)
                                                     NIL)))))))))
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "]") NIL)))))
+                                        (CONS "]" NIL)))))
                           NIL)))
                ('T (SPADLET |keyMode| '(|Any|))
                 (|putMode| |htOp|
@@ -2476,8 +2471,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                        (OR G167374
                                         (CONTAINED |var| |type|)))))))))
                 (|compFailure|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                              "   Cannot compile type assignment to")
+                    (CONS                               "   Cannot compile type assignment to"
                           (|bright| |opName|))))
                ('T
                 (SPADLET |mode|
@@ -3107,12 +3101,8 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                           NIL)
                                          ('T
                                           (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                                           (CONS
-                                            (MAKESTRING
-                                             "transformREPEAT")
-                                            (CONS
-                                             (MAKESTRING
-                                              "Unknown type of iterator")
+                                           (CONS "transformREPEAT"
+                                            (CONS "Unknown type of iterator"
                                              NIL))))))))))))))
              (APPEND |iterList| (CONS |bodyTree| NIL)))))))
 
@@ -3236,7 +3226,7 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
                                             'T))))
                                       (EXIT
                                        (|bottomUpCompilePredicate|
-                                        |pred| (MAKESTRING "until"))))))))
+                                        |pred| "until")))))))
                       (|evalREPEAT| |op| (CDR |t|) |repeatMode|)
                       (|putModeSet| |op| (CONS |repeatMode| NIL)))))))))))
 
@@ -3543,9 +3533,8 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
               (COND
                 ((NULL (SPADLET |m| (|computedMode| (|last| |args|))))
                  (|keyedSystemError| 'S2GE0016
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "upSEQ")
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                     "last line of SEQ has no mode")
+                     (CONS "upSEQ"
+                           (CONS "last line of SEQ has no mode"
                                  NIL))))
                 ('T (|evalSEQ| |op| |args| |m|)
                  (|putModeSet| |op| (CONS |m| NIL))))))))))
@@ -3953,9 +3942,8 @@ There are several special modes used in these functions:
               NIL)
              ((NULL |$genValue|)
               (|compFailure|
-                  (APPEND (|bright| (MAKESTRING "  where"))
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                   "for compiled code is not yet implemented.")
+                  (APPEND (|bright| "  where")
+                          (CONS "for compiled code is not yet implemented."
                                 NIL))))
              ('T (SPADLET |$whereCacheList| NIL)
               (SPADLET |LETTMP#1|
diff --git a/src/interp/i-util.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/i-util.lisp.pamphlet
index 96ef3e8..b169a26 100644
--- a/src/interp/i-util.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/i-util.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ lisp code is unwrapped.
 ;  sayNewLine()
 
 (DEFUN |spadPrompt| ()
-  (PROGN (SAY (MAKESTRING "   AXIOM")) (|sayNewLine|)))
+  (PROGN (SAY "   AXIOM") (|sayNewLine|)))
 
 ;inputPrompt str ==
 ;  -- replaces older INPUT-PROMPT
@@ -285,12 +285,11 @@ lisp code is unwrapped.
              (|$reportBottomUpFlag|
                  (|sayMessage|
                      (|concat|
-                         (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                   "   Retrospective determination of slot")
+                         (CONS                                    "   Retrospective determination of slot"
                                (CONS '|%b|
                                      (CONS |slot|
                                       (CONS '|%d|
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "of")
+                                       (CONS "of"
                                         (CONS '|%b|
                                          (APPEND
                                           (|prefix2String| |domain|)
diff --git a/src/interp/info.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/info.lisp.pamphlet
index 35336a0..f621bf8 100644
--- a/src/interp/info.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/info.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
                                     (CONS '|not|
                                      (CONS (|formatPred| |a|) NIL))
                                     (CONS (|formatInfo| |c|) NIL))))))))
-             ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "formatInfo"))))))))
+             ('T (|systemError| "formatInfo")))))))
 
 ;liftCond (clause is [ante,conseq]) ==
 ;  conseq is ["COND",:l] =>
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166262
                                       (CONS (|formatPred| |w|)
                                        G166262)))))))))
-             ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "formatPred"))))))))
+             ('T (|systemError| "formatPred")))))))
 
 ;chaseInferences(pred,$e) ==
 ;  foo hasToInfo pred where
@@ -906,8 +906,8 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
                  (SPADLET |vval| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
                  (SPADLET |vmode| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
                  (SPADLET |venv| (CADDR |LETTMP#1|))
-                 (SAY (MAKESTRING "augmenting ") |name|
-                      (MAKESTRING ": ") |u|)
+                 (SAY "augmenting " |name|
+                      ": " |u|)
                  (SPADLET |key|
                           (COND
                             ((CONTAINED '$ |vmode|) '|domain|)
@@ -967,8 +967,8 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
                  (SPADLET |vval| (CAR |LETTMP#1|))
                  (SPADLET |vmode| (CADR |LETTMP#1|))
                  (SPADLET |venv| (CADDR |LETTMP#1|))
-                 (SAY (MAKESTRING "augmenting ") |name|
-                      (MAKESTRING ": ") |u|)
+                 (SAY "augmenting " |name|
+                      ": " |u|)
                  (SPADLET |key|
                           (COND
                             ((CONTAINED '$ |vmode|) '|domain|)
@@ -1048,8 +1048,8 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
                                       (APPEND |$functorLocalParameters|
                                        (CONS |viewName| NIL))))
                             ('T NIL))))
-                       (SAY (MAKESTRING "augmenting ") |name|
-                            (MAKESTRING ": ") |cat|)
+                       (SAY "augmenting " |name|
+                            ": " |cat|)
                        (SPADLET |$e|
                                 (|put| |name| '|value|
                                        (CONS |vval|
@@ -1057,11 +1057,11 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
                                          (CONS |venv| NIL)))
                                        |$e|)))))
                    ('T
-                    (SAY (MAKESTRING "extension of ") |vval|
-                         (MAKESTRING " to ") |cat|
-                         (MAKESTRING " ignored"))
+                    (SAY "extension of " |vval|
+                         " to " |cat|
+                         " ignored")
                     |$e|)))
-                ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "knownInfo"))))))))))
+                ('T (|systemError| "knownInfo")))))))))
 
 ;mkJoin(cat,mode) ==
 ;  mode is ['Join,:cats] => ['Join,cat,:cats]
@@ -1092,8 +1092,7 @@ modemap is of the form : ((op (targ arg1 arg2 ... argn)) pred (elt $ n))
         ('T
          (|systemError|
              (CONS |name|
-                   (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                             " is not bound in the current environment")
+                   (CONS                              " is not bound in the current environment"
                          NIL))))))))
 
 @
diff --git a/src/interp/interop.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/interop.lisp.pamphlet
index 39adeca..310030e 100644
--- a/src/interp/interop.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/interop.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
                  (CONS |DNameApplyID|
                        (CONS (CONS |DNameStringID|
                                    (|StringToCompStr|
-                                    (MAKESTRING "->")))
+                                    "->"))
                              (CONS (CONS |DNameTupleID| (CDR |args|))
                                    (CONS
                                     (CONS |DNameTupleID|
@@ -774,27 +774,27 @@
 
 ;$hashOp1 := hashString '"1"
 
-(SPADLET |$hashOp1| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "1")))
+(SPADLET |$hashOp1| (|hashString| "1"))
 
 ;$hashOp0 := hashString '"0"
 
-(SPADLET |$hashOp0| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "0"))) 
+(SPADLET |$hashOp0| (|hashString| "0")) 
 
 ;$hashOpApply := hashString '"apply"
 
-(SPADLET |$hashOpApply| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "apply"))) 
+(SPADLET |$hashOpApply| (|hashString| "apply")) 
 
 ;$hashOpSet := hashString '"set!"
 
-(SPADLET |$hashOpSet| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "set!"))) 
+(SPADLET |$hashOpSet| (|hashString| "set!")) 
 
 ;$hashSeg := hashString '".."
 
-(SPADLET |$hashSeg| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING ".."))) 
+(SPADLET |$hashSeg| (|hashString| "..")) 
 
 ;$hashPercent := hashString '"%"
 
-(SPADLET |$hashPercent| (|hashString| (MAKESTRING "%"))) 
+(SPADLET |$hashPercent| (|hashString| "%")) 
 
 ;oldAxiomDomainLookupExport _
 ;  (domenv, self, op, sig, box, skipdefaults, env) ==
diff --git a/src/interp/iterator.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/iterator.lisp.pamphlet
index 8abd72c..5f35110 100644
--- a/src/interp/iterator.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/iterator.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -342,9 +342,7 @@
                                        (SPADLET |repeatOrCollect|
                                         'COLLECTVEC)
                                        (EXIT (CADR |u|)))))
-                                    (|stackMessage|
-                                     (MAKESTRING
-                                      "Invalid collect bodytype"))
+                                    (|stackMessage| "Invalid collect bodytype")
                                     (EXIT (RETURN NIL)))))
                          (EXIT |$NoValueMode|)))
            (PROGN
diff --git a/src/interp/lisplib.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/lisplib.lisp.pamphlet
index a6d0627..a807429 100644
--- a/src/interp/lisplib.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/lisplib.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
          (SPADLET |p|
                   (|pathname|
                       (CONS |fn|
-                            (CONS |ft| (CONS (MAKESTRING "*") NIL)))))
+                            (CONS |ft| (CONS "*" NIL)))))
          (COND
            (|cache| (|hasFileProperty| |p| |id| |fn|))
            ('T (|hasFilePropertyNoCache| |p| |id| |fn|))))))))
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@
         (COND
           ((BOOT-EQUAL (CATCH 'VERSIONCHECK (LOAD |fullLibName|))
                (SPADDIFFERENCE 1))
-           (PRINC (MAKESTRING "   wrong library version...recompile "))
+           (PRINC "   wrong library version...recompile ")
            (PRINC |fullLibName|) (TERPRI) (TOPLEVEL))
           ('T (|clearConstructorCache| |cname|)
            (|installConstructor| |cname| |kind|)
@@ -769,9 +769,9 @@
                                ((NULL |nfile|) (SPADLET |nfile| |file|)
                                 (COND
                                   ((OR
-                                    (BOOT-EQUAL |fn| (MAKESTRING "*"))
+                                    (BOOT-EQUAL |fn| "*")
                                     (BOOT-EQUAL |fn|
-                                     (MAKESTRING "NIL")))
+                                     "NIL"))
                                    (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IL0016 NIL))
                                   ('T
                                    (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IL0003
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@
                                           NIL))
                                 (COND
                                   ((AND (> (SIZE |ans|) 0)
-                                    (BOOT-EQUAL (MAKESTRING ")")
+                                    (BOOT-EQUAL ")"
                                      (SUBSTRING |ans| 0 1)))
                                    (SPADLET |n| 2))
                                   ('T (SPADLET |n| 1)))
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (COND ((EQ (CAR |df|) 'DEF) (CAR |df|)))
         (SPADLET |op| (CAADR |df|))
-        (|sayMSG| (|fillerSpaces| 72 (MAKESTRING "-")))
+        (|sayMSG| (|fillerSpaces| 72 "-"))
         (SPADLET $LISPLIB 'T)
         (SPADLET |$op| |op|)
         (SPADLET |$lisplibAttributes| NIL)
@@ -1064,14 +1064,14 @@
            (|compileDocumentation| |libName|))
           ('T
            (|sayMSG|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "   initializing ")
+               (CONS "   initializing "
                      (CONS |$spadLibFT|
                            (APPEND (|bright| |libName|)
-                                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "for")
+                                   (CONS "for"
                                     (|bright| |op|))))))
            (|initializeLisplib| |libName|)
            (|sayMSG|
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "   compiling into ")
+               (CONS "   compiling into "
                      (CONS |$spadLibFT| (|bright| |libName|))))
            (SPADLET |ok| NIL)
            (UNWIND-PROTECT
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@
                (SPADLET |res|
                         (FUNCALL |fn| |df| |m| |e| |prefix| |fal|))
                (|sayMSG|
-                   (CONS (MAKESTRING "   finalizing ")
+                   (CONS "   finalizing "
                          (CONS |$spadLibFT| (|bright| |libName|))))
                (|finalizeLisplib| |libName|)
                (SPADLET |ok| 'T))
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
            (SPADLET |filearg|
                     ($FILEP |libName| |$spadLibFT| |$libraryDirectory|))
            (RPACKFILE |filearg|) (FRESH-LINE |$algebraOutputStream|)
-           (|sayMSG| (|fillerSpaces| 72 (MAKESTRING "-")))
+           (|sayMSG| (|fillerSpaces| 72 "-"))
            (|unloadOneConstructor| |op| |libName|)
            (LOCALDATABASE (LIST (GETDATABASE |op| 'ABBREVIATION)) NIL)
            (SPADLET |$newConlist| (CONS |op| |$newConlist|))
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@
                      (CONS (CONS 'FILE
                                  (CONS |libName| (CONS 'DOCLB NIL)))
                            (CONS (CONS 'MODE 'O) NIL))))
-        (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "documentation")
+        (|lisplibWrite| "documentation"
             (|finalizeDocumentation|) |stream|)
         (RSHUT |stream|)
         (RPACKFILE (CONS |libName| (CONS 'DOCLB NIL)))
@@ -1253,25 +1253,25 @@
                       |$lisplibKind|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "constructorForm")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "constructorForm"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibForm|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "constructorKind")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "constructorKind"
                  (SPADLET |kind| (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibKind|))
                  |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "constructorModemap")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "constructorModemap"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibModemap|) |$libFile|)
              (SPADLET |$lisplibCategory|
                       (OR |$lisplibCategory| (CADAR |$lisplibModemap|)))
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "constructorCategory")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "constructorCategory"
                  |$lisplibCategory| |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "sourceFile")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "sourceFile"
                  (|namestring| /EDITFILE) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "modemaps")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "modemaps"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibModemapAlist|) |$libFile|)
              (SPADLET |opsAndAtts|
                       (|getConstructorOpsAndAtts| |$lisplibForm| |kind|
                           |$lisplibModemap|))
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "operationAlist")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "operationAlist"
                  (|removeZeroOne| (CAR |opsAndAtts|)) |$libFile|)
              (COND
                ((BOOT-EQUAL |kind| '|category|)
@@ -1299,27 +1299,27 @@
                                       (CONS (CONS |a| |v|) G166609))))))))
                 (SPADLET |$NRTslot1PredicateList| NIL)
                 (|NRTgenInitialAttributeAlist| (CDR |opsAndAtts|))))
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "superDomain")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "superDomain"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibSuperDomain|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "signaturesAndLocals")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "signaturesAndLocals"
                  (|removeZeroOne|
                      (|mergeSignatureAndLocalVarAlists|
                          |$lisplibSignatureAlist|
                          |$lisplibVariableAlist|))
                  |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "attributes")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "attributes"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibAttributes|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "predicates")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "predicates"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibPredicates|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "abbreviation")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "abbreviation"
                  |$lisplibAbbreviation| |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "parents")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "parents"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibParents|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "ancestors")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "ancestors"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibAncestors|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "documentation")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "documentation"
                  (|finalizeDocumentation|) |$libFile|)
-             (|lisplibWrite| (MAKESTRING "slot1Info")
+             (|lisplibWrite| "slot1Info"
                  (|removeZeroOne| |$lisplibSlot1|) |$libFile|)
              (COND (|$profileCompiler| (|profileWrite|)))
              (COND
@@ -1329,15 +1329,15 @@
                ((NEQUAL ERRORS 0)
                 (PROGN
                   (|sayMSG|
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "   Errors in processing ")
+                      (CONS "   Errors in processing "
                             (CONS |kind|
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING " ")
+                                  (CONS " "
                                         (APPEND (|bright| |libName|)
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING ":") NIL))))))
+                                         (CONS ":" NIL))))))
                   (|sayMSG|
-                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "     not replacing ")
+                      (CONS "     not replacing "
                             (CONS |$spadLibFT|
-                                  (CONS (MAKESTRING " for")
+                                  (CONS " for"
                                         (|bright| |libName|)))))))))))))
 
 ;lisplibDoRename(libName) ==
@@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@
   (PROGN
     (|sayMSG|
         (|bright|
-            (CONS (MAKESTRING "  Illegal ") (CONS |$spadLibFT| NIL))))
+            (CONS "  Illegal " (CONS |$spadLibFT| NIL))))
     (COND
       ((|member| |error| '(|duplicateAbb| |wrongType|))
        (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IL0007
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@
            (SPADLET |t|
                     (OR (|compMakeCategoryObject| |target| |$e|)
                         (|systemErrorHere|
-                            (MAKESTRING "getSlotFromFunctor"))))
+                            "getSlotFromFunctor")))
            (ELT (CAR |t|) |slot|)))))))
 
 ;getSlot1 domainName ==
@@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@
                       (|pathname|
                           (CONS |fn|
                                 (CONS |$spadLibFT|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "*") NIL)))))
+                                      (CONS "*" NIL)))))
              (COND
                ((NULL (|isExistingFile| |p|))
                 (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IL0003 (CONS (|namestring| |p|) NIL))
@@ -1569,12 +1569,12 @@
                 (SPADLET |t|
                          (OR (|compMakeCategoryObject| |target| |$e|)
                              (|systemErrorHere|
-                                 (MAKESTRING "getSlot1"))))
+                                 "getSlot1")))
                 (ELT (CAR |t|) 1))
                ('T
                 (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IL0022
                     (CONS (|namestring| |p|)
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "constructor modemap") NIL)))
+                          (CONS "constructor modemap" NIL)))
                 NIL)))))))
 
 ;transformOperationAlist operationAlist ==
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@
 ;  pp x
 
 (DEFUN |sayNonUnique| (|x|)
-  (PROGN (|sayBrightlyNT| (MAKESTRING "Non-unique:")) (|pp| |x|)))
+  (PROGN (|sayBrightlyNT| "Non-unique:") (|pp| |x|)))
 
 ;-- flattenOperationAlist operationAlist ==
 ;--   --new form is (<op> <signature> <slotNumber> <condition> <kind>)
@@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@
                   |sig|))
              ('T
               (|sayMSG|
-                  (CONS (MAKESTRING "   using slot 1 of ")
+                  (CONS "   using slot 1 of "
                         (CONS |domainForm| NIL)))
               (SPADLET |constructorArglist| (CDR |domainForm|))
               (SPADLET |nsig| (|#| |sig|))
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@
                                              (QCAR |ISTMP#4|))
                                             'T))))))))))
                  |n|)
-                ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "findSlotNumber"))))))))))
+                ('T (|systemErrorHere| "findSlotNumber")))))))))
 
 ;bustUnion d ==
 ;  d is ["Union",domain,utype] and utype='"failed" => domain
@@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@
                             (PROGN
                               (SPADLET |utype| (QCAR |ISTMP#2|))
                               'T)))))
-              (BOOT-EQUAL |utype| (MAKESTRING "failed")))
+              (BOOT-EQUAL |utype| "failed"))
          |domain|)
         ('T |d|)))))
 
@@ -2112,7 +2112,7 @@
                                            'T))))))))))
                 |n|)
                ('T
-                (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "findDomainSlotNumber")))))))))
+                (|systemErrorHere| "findDomainSlotNumber"))))))))
 
 ;getConstructorModemap form ==
 ;  GETDATABASE(opOf form, 'CONSTRUCTORMODEMAP)
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@
                                         |$FormalMapVariableList|)))))
         (COND
           ((NULL (VECP |u|))
-           (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "getSlotFromCategoryForm")))
+           (|systemErrorHere| "getSlotFromCategoryForm"))
           ('T (ELT |u| |index|)))))))
 
 ;--% constructor evaluation
diff --git a/src/interp/mark.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/mark.lisp.pamphlet
index 2d32a11..630e725 100644
--- a/src/interp/mark.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/mark.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
              (COND
                ((NULL (AND (PAIRP |mode|) (EQ (QCAR |mode|) '|Mapping|)
                            (PROGN (SPADLET |ml| (QCDR |mode|)) 'T)))
-                (|error| (MAKESTRING "markLambda"))))
+                (|error| "markLambda")))
              (SPADLET |args|
                       (PROG (G166421)
                         (SPADLET G166421 NIL)
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
          (SPADLET |id| (|markLhs| |form|))
          (COND
            ((NULL |$insideCapsuleFunctionIfTrue|)
-            (SPADLET |$from| (MAKESTRING "Setq"))
+            (SPADLET |$from| "Setq")
             (SPADLET |code| (CAR T$)) (|markEncodeChanges| |code| NIL)
             (SPADLET |noriginalLet|
                      (|markSpliceInChanges| |originalBody|))
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
             (SPADLET |entry| (CONS |originalLet| |nlet|))
             (SPADLET |$importStack| (CONS NIL |$importStack|))
             (SPADLET |$freeStack| (CONS NIL |$freeStack|))
-            (|capsuleStack| (MAKESTRING "Setq") |entry|)
+            (|capsuleStack| "Setq" |entry|)
             (CONS |code| (CDR T$)))
            ('T
             (COND
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET |$coerceList| NIL)
-        (SPADLET |$from| (MAKESTRING "Capsule expression"))
+        (SPADLET |$from| "Capsule expression")
         (SPADLET |code| (CAR T$))
         (|markEncodeChanges| |code| NIL)
         (SPADLET |noriginal| (|markSpliceInChanges| |originalExpr|))
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
         (SPADLET |entry| (CONS |originalExpr| |nexpr|))
         (SPADLET |$importStack| (CONS NIL |$importStack|))
         (SPADLET |$freeStack| (CONS NIL |$freeStack|))
-        (|capsuleStack| (MAKESTRING "capsuleExpression") |entry|)
+        (|capsuleStack| "capsuleExpression" |entry|)
         (CONS |code| (CDR T$))))))
 
 ;markLhs x ==
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
               (SPADLET |originalBody| (CAR (CDDDDR |originalDef|)))
               (SPADLET |signature|
                        (|markFindOriginalSignature| |form| |sig|))
-              (SPADLET |$from| (MAKESTRING "compDefineFunctor1"))
+              (SPADLET |$from| "compDefineFunctor1")
               (|markEncodeChanges| |code| NIL)
               (SPADLET |frees|
                        (COND
@@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                      |subtractions|))
                              |$importStack|))
               (SPADLET |entry| (CONS |originalDef| |ndef|))
-              (|capsuleStack| (MAKESTRING "Def") |entry|))
+              (|capsuleStack| "Def" |entry|))
              ('T NIL))))))
 
 ;reduceImports x ==
@@ -2157,7 +2157,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                          (COND ((EQL |path| 0) NIL) ('T |path|)))
                 (COND
                   ((AND (BOUNDP '|$shout2|) |$shout2|)
-                   (|pp| (MAKESTRING "=========")) (|pp| |path|)
+                   (|pp| "=========") (|pp| |path|)
                    (SPADLET |ipath| (REVERSE |path|))
                    (DO ((G167681 |u| (CDR G167681)) (|x| NIL))
                        ((OR (ATOM G167681)
@@ -2175,9 +2175,9 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                 (COND
                   (|$monitorCoerce|
                       (|sayBrightlyNT|
-                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "From ")
+                          (CONS "From "
                                 (CONS |$from|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING ": ") NIL))))
+                                      (CONS ": " NIL))))
                       (|pp| |entry|)))
                 (SPADLET |$coerceList|
                          (CONS (COPY |entry|) |$coerceList|)))))))))
@@ -2258,7 +2258,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
             (SPADLET |path| (OR (|markGetPath| |a| |b|) (RETURN NIL)))
             (COND
               ((AND (BOUNDP '|$shout1|) |$shout1|)
-               (|pp| (MAKESTRING "=========")) (|pp| |path|) (|pp| |a|)
+               (|pp| "=========") (|pp| |path|) (|pp| |a|)
                (|pp| |b|)))
             (APPEND (CAR |path|) (|markPath1| (CDR |u|))))))
         ('T NIL)))))
@@ -2301,12 +2301,12 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                 (SPADLET |$amb| (CONS |u| (CONS |x| (CONS |y| NIL))))
                 (SPADLET |key|
                          (COND
-                           ((NULL |u|) (MAKESTRING "no match"))
-                           ('T (MAKESTRING "ambiguous"))))
+                           ((NULL |u|) "no match")
+                           ('T "ambiguous")))
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "-----")
+                    (CONS "-----"
                           (CONS |key|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING "--------") NIL))))
+                                (CONS "--------" NIL))))
                 (COND
                   ((NULL (BOUNDP '|$pathErrorStack|))
                    (SETQ |$pathErrorStack| NIL)))
@@ -2322,7 +2322,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                      NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (|pp| |p|))))
                 (SPADLET |$x| |x|) (SPADLET |$y| |y|)
-                (|pp| (MAKESTRING "---------------------")) (|pp| |x|)
+                (|pp| "---------------------") (|pp| |x|)
                 (|pp| |y|) (|foobar| |key|)
                 (COND
                   ((NULL |u|) (CONS 1729 NIL))
@@ -2372,7 +2372,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (COND
                ((AND (BOUNDP '|$shout|) |$shout|)
-                (|pp| (MAKESTRING "-----")) (|pp| |x|) (|pp| |y|)
+                (|pp| "-----") (|pp| |x|) (|pp| |y|)
                 (|pp| |s|)))
              (COND
                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| |y|) |s|)
@@ -2763,10 +2763,9 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                       (CONS |target| (CONS |loc| NIL))))
                             (COND
                               ((AND (BOUNDP '|$hohum|) |$hohum|)
-                               (|pp| (MAKESTRING "---------->>>>>"))
+                               (|pp| "---------->>>>>")
                                (|pp| |$data|) (|pp| |body|)
-                               (|pp| (MAKESTRING
-                                      "-------------------------->"))))
+                               (|pp|                                       "-------------------------->")))
                             (SPADLET |body|
                                      (|markInsertNextChange| |body|))))))
              |body|)))))
@@ -2863,13 +2862,13 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                              ('T NIL)))))
               (COND
                 ((ATOM |x|)
-                 (|pp| (MAKESTRING "Translator RPLACA error"))
+                 (|pp| "Translator RPLACA error")
                  (|pp| |$data|) (|foobum| |form|) |form|)
                 ('T
                  (COND
                    ((AND (BOUNDP '|$hohum|) |$hohum|)
                     (|pp| (CONS |i|
-                                (CONS (MAKESTRING " >>> ")
+                                (CONS " >>> "
                                       (CONS |x| NIL))))))
                  (SETQ $CHANGE (COPY |x|))
                  (COND
@@ -3631,7 +3630,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                 (PROGN
                                   (|markSay| (|form2String| |att|))
                                   (|markSay|
-                                      (MAKESTRING ": Category == with"))
+                                      ": Category == with")
                                   (|markTerpri|)
                                   (|markTerpri|))))))))))))))
 
@@ -4032,8 +4031,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                         (SETQ G169273
                                          (OR G169273 |new|)))))))))
                     (PROGN
-                      (|pp| (MAKESTRING
-                                "------------MISSING----------------"))
+                      (|pp|                                 "------------MISSING----------------")
                       (SPADLET |$f| |form|)
                       (SPADLET |$b| |body|)
                       (SPADLET |newform|
@@ -4391,9 +4389,8 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                         (APPEND G169473
                                          (CONS
                                           (STRCONC |name|
-                                           (MAKESTRING
-                                            ": Category == with"))
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "") NIL))))))))))
+                                                                                       ": Category == with")
+                                          (CONS "" NIL))))))))))
                       (SPADLET |nbody|
                                (COND
                                  ((AND (PAIRP |$originalBody|)
@@ -4553,11 +4550,11 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
         (SPADLET |kind| (CAR G169586))
         (SPADLET |a| (CADR G169586))
         (SPADLET |b| (CDDR G169586))
-        (|markSay| (MAKESTRING "--)abbrev "))
+        (|markSay| "--)abbrev ")
         (|markSay| |kind|)
-        (|markSay| (MAKESTRING " "))
+        (|markSay| " ")
         (|markSay| |a|)
-        (|markSay| (MAKESTRING " "))
+        (|markSay| " ")
         (|markSay| |b|)
         (|markTerpri|)))))
 
@@ -5484,7 +5481,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                               ((NULL (ALPHA-CHAR-P
                                       (ELT |x| (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| 1))))
                                NIL)
-                              ((NULL (|substring?| (MAKESTRING ":= ")
+                              ((NULL (|substring?| ":= "
                                       |x| (PLUS |n| 1)))
                                NIL)
                               ('T (SPADLET |m| (PLUS |n| 3))
@@ -5520,15 +5517,14 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                      NIL)
                                     ('T
                                      (|sayMessage|
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "Converting input line:"))
+                                                                             "Converting input line:")
                                      (|sayMessage|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "WAS: ")
+                                      (CONS "WAS: "
                                        (CONS |x| NIL)))
                                      (SETELT |x| (PLUS |n| 1)
                                       (|char| '=))
                                      (|sayMessage|
-                                      (CONS (MAKESTRING "IS:  ")
+                                      (CONS "IS:  "
                                        (CONS |x| NIL)))
                                      (TERPRI)))))))))))
              |origLines|)))))
@@ -5546,8 +5542,8 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
         (SPADLET |u|
                  (COND
                    ((ATOM |x|)
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING ">> ") (CONS |x| NIL)))
-                   ('T (CONS (MAKESTRING ">> ") |x|))))
+                    (CONS ">> " (CONS |x| NIL)))
+                   ('T (CONS ">> " |x|))))
         (|sayBrightly| |u|)))))
 
 ;moveImportsAfterDefinitions lines ==
@@ -5593,7 +5589,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                      (SPADLET |n|
                                       (|charPosition| |$blank| |x|
                                        (PLUS 1 |m|))))
-                                    (|substring?| (MAKESTRING "== ")
+                                    (|substring?| "== "
                                      |x| (PLUS |n| 1)))
                                (SPADLET |name|
                                         (SUBSTRING |x| |m|
@@ -5603,7 +5599,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                          |defineAlist|)))
                               ((SPADLET |k|
                                         (|leadingSubstring?|
-                                         (MAKESTRING "import from ")
+                                         "import from "
                                          |x| 0))
                                (SPADLET |importAlist|
                                         (CONS
@@ -5705,7 +5701,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                  (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G170683
                                   (OR G170683
                                       (CHAR= |c|
-                                     (ELT (MAKESTRING "() ,;") |i|)))))))))))))
+                                     (ELT "() ,;" |i|)))))))))))))
 
 ;moveLinesAfter(alist, lines) ==
 ;  n := #lines
@@ -5811,7 +5807,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                         NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                            (|pp| (MAKESTRING "------------"))
+                            (|pp| "------------")
                             (|pp| |p|)
                             (|pp| |q|)))))
              (|#| |r|))))))
@@ -5910,16 +5906,15 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                       NIL))
                 NIL)
              (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                          (|pp| (MAKESTRING
-                                    "!!-------------------------------!!"))
+                          (|pp|                                     "!!-------------------------------!!")
                           (SPADLET |res| (|mkGetPaths| |x| |y|))
                           (SPADLET |oldRes|
                                    (|markPaths| |x| |y| (CONS NIL NIL)))
                           (|pp| |x|)
                           (|pp| |y|)
-                          (|sayBrightlyNT| (MAKESTRING "new: "))
+                          (|sayBrightlyNT| "new: ")
                           (|pp| |res|)
-                          (|sayBrightlyNT| (MAKESTRING "old: "))
+                          (|sayBrightlyNT| "old: ")
                           (|pp| |oldRes|)))))))))
 
 ;reverseDown u == [REVERSE x for x in u]
@@ -6298,7 +6293,7 @@ Entire constructor is then assembled and prettyprinted
                                                (SPADLET |opName|
                                                 (INTERN
                                                  (STRCONC |ops|
-                                                  (MAKESTRING "X")
+                                                  "X"
                                                   (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
                                                (RPLACA |form| |opName|)
                                                (SPADLET |$acc|
diff --git a/src/interp/match.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/match.lisp.pamphlet
index dc7e287..54a299f 100644
--- a/src/interp/match.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/match.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
                 ((BOOT-EQUAL |op| '|not|)
                  (NULL (|superMatch?| (CAR |argl|) |subject|)))
                 ('T
-                 (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "unknown pattern form")))))
+                 (|systemError| "unknown pattern form"))))
              ('T (|basicMatch?| |pattern| |subject|)))))))
 
 ;patternCheck pattern == main where
@@ -386,10 +386,9 @@
                                           |pattern| (PLUS |i| 1)
                                           |$wildCard|)))))))))
                 (|sayBrightly|
-                    (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                              "Invalid use of underscores in pattern: ")
+                    (CONS                               "Invalid use of underscores in pattern: "
                           (CONS |pattern| NIL)))
-                (MAKESTRING "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"))
+                "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
                ('T
                 (SPADLET |c|
                          (|patternCheck,wild| |pattern| '($ |#| % & @)))
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (COND
         ((NULL (CHARP |wildcard|))
-         (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "Wildcard must be a character")))
+         (|systemError| "Wildcard must be a character"))
         ('T (SPADLET |$wildCard| |wildcard|)
          (SPADLET |subject| (DOWNCASE |subject|))
          (COND
diff --git a/src/interp/modemap.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/modemap.lisp.pamphlet
index 1cc8f90..d8730c0 100644
--- a/src/interp/modemap.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/modemap.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -162,10 +162,9 @@
         ((QSLESSP 1 (|#| |mml|))
          (|stackWarning|
              (CONS |numOfArgs|
-                   (CONS (MAKESTRING " argument form of: ")
+                   (CONS " argument form of: "
                          (CONS |op|
-                               (CONS (MAKESTRING
-                                      " has more than one modemap")
+                               (CONS " has more than one modemap"
                                      NIL)))))
          (CAR |mml|))
         ('T NIL)))))
@@ -348,7 +347,7 @@
                 (APPEND |lt| (CONS |id| (CONS |v| NIL))) |pred| |fn|
                 |e|))
            ('T (|addModemap1| |op| |mc| |sig| |pred| |fn| |e|))))
-        ('T (|systemErrorHere| (MAKESTRING "addEltModemap")))))))
+        ('T (|systemErrorHere| "addEltModemap"))))))
 
 ;addModemap1(op,mc,sig,pred,fn,e) ==
 ;   --mc is the "mode of computation"; fn the "implementation"
@@ -918,7 +917,7 @@
           ((AND |$insideFunctorIfTrue| (BOOT-EQUAL |name| '$))
            (COND
              (|$domainShell| (ELT |$domainShell| 1))
-             ('T (|systemError| (MAKESTRING "$ has no shell now")))))
+             ('T (|systemError| "$ has no shell now"))))
           ((SPADLET T$ (|compMakeCategoryObject| |form| |$e|))
            (SPADLET |$e| (CADDR T$)) (ELT (CAR T$) 1))
           ('T
@@ -1154,8 +1153,8 @@
         (SPADLET |l| (|getDomainsInScope| |e|))
         (COND
           ((|member| |x| |l|)
-           (SAY (MAKESTRING "****** Domain: ") |x|
-                (MAKESTRING " already in scope"))))
+           (SAY "****** Domain: " |x|
+                " already in scope")))
         (SPADLET |newValue| (CONS |x| (|delete| |x| |l|)))
         (COND
           (|$insideCapsuleFunctionIfTrue|
diff --git a/src/interp/msgdb.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/msgdb.lisp.pamphlet
index 5301d04..dee5817 100644
--- a/src/interp/msgdb.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/msgdb.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
                                          (SETQ G166098
                                           (OR G166098 |j|)))))))))
                           (RETURN NIL)))
-             (SPADLET |buf| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             (SPADLET |buf| "")
              (DO ()
                  ((NULL (AND (> |maxIndex| |k|)
                              (NEQUAL (SPADLET |c| (ELT |l| |k|))
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@
                                      |y|))))))))
                  (SPADLET |head1|
                           (CONS (COND
-                                  (|center| (MAKESTRING "%ce"))
-                                  ('T (MAKESTRING "%rj")))
+                                  (|center| "%ce")
+                                  ('T "%rj"))
                                 (NREVERSE |y|)))
                  (COND
                    ((NULL |tail|) (CONS |head1| NIL))
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@
   (PROG (|item| |attList|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((NEQUAL (CAR |msg|) (MAKESTRING "%atbeg"))
+             ((NEQUAL (CAR |msg|) "%atbeg")
               (CONS |msg| (CONS NIL NIL)))
              ('T (SPADLET |attList| NIL)
               (DO ((G166190 NIL
-                       (BOOT-EQUAL |item| (MAKESTRING "%atend"))))
+                       (BOOT-EQUAL |item| "%atend")))
                   (G166190 NIL)
                 (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                              (SPADLET |msg| (CDR |msg|))
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
                                            ((<= |a| |nargs|)
                                             (ELT |args|
                                              (SPADDIFFERENCE |a| 1)))
-                                           ('T (MAKESTRING "???"))))
+                                           ('T "???")))
                                 (SPADLET |q| NIL)
                                 (DO ((G166224 (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| 1))
                                      (|i| 2 (QSADD1 |i|)))
@@ -327,13 +327,13 @@
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|m|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |arg|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "%m") |arg|)
+                                     (CONS "%m" |arg|)
                                      NIL))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|s|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |arg|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "%s") |arg|)
+                                     (CONS "%s" |arg|)
                                      NIL))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|p|) |q|)
@@ -399,22 +399,22 @@
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|c|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |arg|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "%ce") |arg|)
+                                     (CONS "%ce" |arg|)
                                      NIL))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|r|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |arg|
                                     (CONS
-                                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "%rj") |arg|)
+                                     (CONS "%rj" |arg|)
                                      NIL))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|l|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |l|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "%l") |l|))))
+                                    (CONS "%l" |l|))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|b|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |l|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b") |l|))))
+                                    (CONS "%b" |l|))))
                                 (SPADLET |l|
                                          (COND
                                            ((PAIRP |arg|)
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
                                                 (MEMQ (|char| '|y|)
                                                  |q|)
                                                 (BOOT-EQUAL (CAR |arg|)
-                                                 (MAKESTRING "%y"))
+                                                 "%y")
                                                 (EQL (LENGTH |arg|) 1))
                                                (APPEND (REVERSE |arg|)
                                                 |l|))
@@ -432,17 +432,17 @@
                                                 (CAR |arg|))
                                                (SPADLET |tail|
                                                 (CDR |arg|))
-                                               (CONS (MAKESTRING "%y")
+                                               (CONS "%y"
                                                 (APPEND
                                                  (REVERSE |tail|)
                                                  (CONS
-                                                  (MAKESTRING "%n")
+                                                  "%n"
                                                   (CONS |head| |l|)))))))
                                            ('T (CONS |arg| |l|))))
                                 (COND
                                   ((MEMQ (|char| '|b|) |q|)
                                    (SPADLET |l|
-                                    (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d") |l|))))
+                                    (CONS "%d" |l|))))
                                 (DO ((G166261 '(|.| |,| ! |:| |;| ?)
                                       (CDR G166261))
                                      (|ch| NIL))
@@ -492,10 +492,10 @@
              ((EQL (LENGTH |msg|) 1) |msg|)
              ('T (SPADLET |blanksOff| NIL) (SPADLET |x| (CAR |msg|))
               (COND
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%n"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%n")
                  (SPADLET |blanksOff| 'T) (SPADLET |msg1| NIL))
                 ('T (SPADLET |msg1| (LIST |x|))))
-              (SPADLET |blank| (MAKESTRING " "))
+              (SPADLET |blank| " ")
               (DO ((G166308 (CDR |msg|) (CDR G166308)) (|y| NIL))
                   ((OR (ATOM G166308)
                        (PROGN (SETQ |y| (CAR G166308)) NIL))
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
              ((NULL (PAIRP |msg|)) |msg|)
              ('T
               (SPADLET |blanks|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING " ") (CONS '| | NIL)))
+                       (CONS " " (CONS '| | NIL)))
               (SPADLET |haveBlank| NIL)
               (SPADLET |prims|
                        '(|%b| |%d| |%l| |%i| |%u| |%m| |%ce| |%rj| "%b"
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
 ;         escapeSpecialChars STRINGIMAGE name)
 
 (DEFUN |operationLink| (|name|)
-  (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "\\lispLink{\\verb!(|oSearch| \"~a\")!}{~a}")
+  (FORMAT NIL "\\lispLink{\\verb!(|oSearch| \"~a\")!}{~a}"
           |name| (|escapeSpecialChars| (STRINGIMAGE |name|))))
 
 ;----------------------------------------
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@
 (DEFUN |throwPatternMsg| (|key| |args|)
   (declare (special |$testingErrorPrefix| |$testingSystem|))
   (PROGN
-    (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " "))
+    (|sayMSG| " ")
     (COND (|$testingSystem| (|sayMSG| |$testingErrorPrefix|)))
     (|sayPatternMsg| |key| |args|)
     (|spadThrow|)))
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
   (declare (special |$testingErrorPrefix| |$testingSystem|))
   (PROGN
     (BUMPERRORCOUNT |kind|)
-    (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " "))
+    (|sayMSG| " ")
     (COND (|$testingSystem| (|sayMSG| |$testingErrorPrefix|)))
     (|sayKeyedMsg| |key| |args|)
     (|spadThrow|)))
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@
       (PROGN
         (COND
           ((AND |atree| (SPADLET |sp| (|getSrcPos| |atree|)))
-           (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " ")) (|srcPosDisplay| |sp|)))
+           (|sayMSG| " ") (|srcPosDisplay| |sp|)))
         (|throwKeyedMsg| |key| |args|)))))
 
 ;throwKeyedMsg(key,args) ==
@@ -738,9 +738,9 @@
         (SPADLET *STANDARD-OUTPUT* |$texOutputStream|)
         (SPADLET |last| (|pushSatOutput| '|line|))
         (|sayString|
-            (MAKESTRING "\\bgroup\\color{red}\\begin{list}\\item{} "))
+            "\\bgroup\\color{red}\\begin{list}\\item{} ")
         (|sayKeyedMsgAsTeX| |key| |args|)
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\end{list}\\egroup"))
+        (|sayString| "\\end{list}\\egroup")
         (|popSatOutput| |last|)
         (|spadThrow|)))))
 
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET *STANDARD-OUTPUT* |$texOutputStream|)
-        (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " "))
+        (|sayMSG| " ")
         (COND (|$testingSystem| (|sayMSG| |$testingErrorPrefix|)))
         (|sayKeyedMsg| |key| |args|)
         (|spadThrow|)))))
@@ -782,11 +782,11 @@
   (declare (special |$testingErrorPrefix| |$testingSystem|))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (PROGN
-             (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " "))
+             (|sayMSG| " ")
              (COND
                (|$testingSystem| (|sayMSG| |$testingErrorPrefix|)))
              (|sayKeyedMsg| |descKey| |descArgs|)
-             (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " "))
+             (|sayMSG| " ")
              (DO ((G166441 |l| (CDR G166441)) (G166429 NIL)
                   (|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                  ((OR (ATOM G166441)
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@
                (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
                             (SPADLET |n|
                                      (STRCONC (|object2String| |i|)
-                                      (MAKESTRING ".")))
+                                      "."))
                             (|sayKeyedMsg| |key| (CONS |n| |args|))))))
              (|spadThrow|))))))
 
@@ -846,13 +846,13 @@
     (RETURN
       (PROGN
         (SPADLET *STANDARD-OUTPUT* |$texOutputStream|)
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\bgroup\\color{red}"))
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}"))
+        (|sayString| "\\bgroup\\color{red}")
+        (|sayString| "\\begin{verbatim}")
         (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2GE0000 NIL)
         (BUMPCOMPERRORCOUNT)
         (|sayKeyedMsgAsTeX| |key| |args|)
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}"))
-        (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\egroup"))
+        (|sayString| "\\end{verbatim}")
+        (|sayString| "\\egroup")
         (|handleLispBreakLoop| |$BreakMode|)))))
 
 ;keyedSystemError1(key,args) ==
@@ -888,12 +888,12 @@
         ('T (SPADLET |was| |$saturnMode|)
          (COND
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |arg| '|verb|) (SPADLET |$saturnMode| '|verb|)
-            (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}")) |was|)
+            (|sayString| "\\begin{verbatim}") |was|)
            ((BOOT-EQUAL |arg| '|line|) (SPADLET |$saturnMode| '|line|)
-            (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}")) |was|)
+            (|sayString| "\\end{verbatim}") |was|)
            ('T
             (|sayString|
-                (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "What is: ~a") |$saturnMode|))
+                (FORMAT NIL "What is: ~a" |$saturnMode|))
             |$saturnMode|)))))))
 
 ;popSatOutput(newmode) ==
@@ -912,12 +912,12 @@
   (COND
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |newmode| |$saturnMode|) NIL)
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |newmode| '|verb|) (SPADLET |$saturnMode| '|verb|)
-     (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\begin{verbatim}")))
+     (|sayString| "\\begin{verbatim}"))
     ((BOOT-EQUAL |newmode| '|line|) (SPADLET |$saturnMode| '|line|)
-     (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\end{verbatim}")))
+     (|sayString| "\\end{verbatim}"))
     ('T
      (|sayString|
-         (FORMAT NIL (MAKESTRING "What is: ~a") |$saturnMode|))
+         (FORMAT NIL "What is: ~a" |$saturnMode|))
      |$saturnMode|)))
 
 ;systemErrorHere functionName ==
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@
         (COND
           (|$displayMsgNumber|
               (SPADLET |msg|
-                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
+                       (CONS "%b"
                              (CONS |key|
                                    (CONS '|:| (CONS '|%d| |msg|)))))))
         (SPADLET |u| (|flowSegmentedMsg| |msg| $LINELENGTH 3))
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@
 (DEFUN |throwKeyedMsgFromDb| (|key| |args| |dbName|)
   (declare (special |$testingErrorPrefix| |$testingSystem|))
   (PROGN
-    (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " "))
+    (|sayMSG| " ")
     (COND (|$testingSystem| (|sayMSG| |$testingErrorPrefix|)))
     (|sayKeyedMsgFromDb| |key| |args| |dbName|)
     (|spadThrow|)))
@@ -1115,15 +1115,15 @@
              ('T (SPADLET |potentialMarg| 0) (SPADLET |actualMarg| 0)
               (SPADLET |off|
                        (COND
-                         ((<= |offset| 0) (MAKESTRING ""))
+                         ((<= |offset| 0) "")
                          ('T
-                          (|fillerSpaces| |offset| (MAKESTRING " ")))))
+                          (|fillerSpaces| |offset| " "))))
               (SPADLET |off1|
                        (COND
-                         ((<= |offset| 1) (MAKESTRING ""))
+                         ((<= |offset| 1) "")
                          ('T
                           (|fillerSpaces| (SPADDIFFERENCE |offset| 1)
-                              (MAKESTRING " ")))))
+                              " "))))
               (SPADLET |firstLine| 'T)
               (COND
                 ((PAIRP |msg|) (SPADLET |lnl| |offset|)
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@
            ((AND (NULL |$Coerce|) |$reportInterpOnly|)
             (COND
               ((AND |atree| (SPADLET |sp| (|getSrcPos| |atree|)))
-               (|sayMSG| (MAKESTRING " ")) (|srcPosDisplay| |sp|)))
+               (|sayMSG| " ") (|srcPosDisplay| |sp|)))
             (|sayKeyedMsg| |key| |args|) (|sayKeyedMsg| 'S2IB0009 NIL)))
          (COND
            ((NULL |$compilingMap|)
@@ -1288,11 +1288,11 @@
 ;bright x == ['"%b",:(PAIRP(x) and NULL CDR LASTNODE x => x; [x]),'"%d"]
 
 (DEFUN |bright| (|x|)
-  (CONS (MAKESTRING "%b")
+  (CONS "%b"
         (APPEND (COND
                   ((AND (PAIRP |x|) (NULL (CDR (LASTNODE |x|)))) |x|)
                   ('T (CONS |x| NIL)))
-                (CONS (MAKESTRING "%d") NIL))))
+                (CONS "%d" NIL))))
 
 ;--bright x == ['%b,:(ATOM x => [x]; x),'%d]
 ;mkMessage msg ==
@@ -1417,34 +1417,34 @@
                       (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 0) (|char| '|\\|))
                       (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 1) (|char| '%)))
                  (|sayString| (SUBSTRING |x| 1 NIL)))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%l")) (|sayNewLine|)
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%l") (|sayNewLine|)
                  (DO ((|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                      ((QSGREATERP |i| $MARG) NIL)
-                   (SEQ (EXIT (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " "))))))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%i"))
+                   (SEQ (EXIT (|sayString| " ")))))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%i")
                  (SPADLET $MARG (PLUS $MARG 3)))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%u"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%u")
                  (SPADLET $MARG (SPADDIFFERENCE $MARG 3))
                  (COND ((MINUSP $MARG) (SPADLET $MARG 0)) ('T NIL)))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%U")) (SPADLET $MARG 0))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%"))
-                 (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " ")))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%%"))
-                 (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "%")))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%b"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%U") (SPADLET $MARG 0))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%")
+                 (|sayString| " "))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%%")
+                 (|sayString| "%"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%b")
                  (COND
                    ((NULL (IS-CONSOLE CUROUTSTREAM))
-                    (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                    (|sayString| " "))
                    ((NULL |$highlightAllowed|)
-                    (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                    (|sayString| " "))
                    ('T (|sayString| |$highlightFontOn|))))
                 ((SPADLET |k| (|blankIndicator| |x|)) (BLANKS |k|))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%d"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%d")
                  (COND
                    ((NULL (IS-CONSOLE CUROUTSTREAM))
-                    (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                    (|sayString| " "))
                    ((NULL |$highlightAllowed|)
-                    (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                    (|sayString| " "))
                    ('T (|sayString| |$highlightFontOff|))))
                 ((STRINGP |x|) (|sayString| |x|))
                 ('T (|brightPrintHighlight| |x|)))))))))
@@ -1481,31 +1481,31 @@
   (declare (special $MARG))
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%l"))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\\\"))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%l")
+              (|sayString| "\\\\")
               (DO ((|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|))) ((QSGREATERP |i| $MARG) NIL)
-                (SEQ (EXIT (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\ "))))))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%i"))
+                (SEQ (EXIT (|sayString| "\\ ")))))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%i")
               (SPADLET $MARG (PLUS $MARG 3)))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%u"))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%u")
               (SPADLET $MARG (SPADDIFFERENCE $MARG 3))
               (COND ((MINUSP $MARG) (SPADLET $MARG 0)) ('T NIL)))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%U")) (SPADLET $MARG 0))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%"))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\ ")))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%%"))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "%")))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%b"))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " {\\tt ")))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%U") (SPADLET $MARG 0))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%")
+              (|sayString| "\\ "))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%%")
+              (|sayString| "%"))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%b")
+              (|sayString| " {\\tt "))
              ((SPADLET |k| (|blankIndicator| |x|))
               (DO ((|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|))) ((QSGREATERP |i| |k|) NIL)
-                (SEQ (EXIT (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\ "))))))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%d"))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "} ")))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "\"$\""))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\"\\verb!$!\"")))
-             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "$"))
-              (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\verb!$!")))
+                (SEQ (EXIT (|sayString| "\\ ")))))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%d")
+              (|sayString| "} "))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "\"$\"")
+              (|sayString| "\"\\verb!$!\""))
+             ((BOOT-EQUAL |x| "$")
+              (|sayString| "\\verb!$!"))
              ((STRINGP |x|) (|sayString| |x|))
              ('T (|brightPrintHighlight| |x|)))))))
 
@@ -1578,21 +1578,21 @@
              (|$texFormatting| (|brightPrintHighlightAsTeX| |x|))
              ((IDENTP |x|) (SPADLET |pn| (PNAME |x|))
               (|sayString| |pn|))
-             ((VECP |x|) (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "UNPRINTABLE")))
+             ((VECP |x|) (|sayString| "UNPRINTABLE"))
              ((ATOM |x|) (|sayString| (|object2String| |x|)))
              ('T (SPADLET |key| (CAR |x|)) (SPADLET |rst| (CDR |x|))
               (COND ((IDENTP |key|) (SPADLET |key| (PNAME |key|))))
               (COND
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%m"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%m")
                  (|mathprint| |rst|))
                 ((|member| |key| '("%p" "%s")) (PRETTYPRIN0 |rst|))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%ce"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%ce")
                  (|brightPrintCenter| |rst|))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%rj"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%rj")
                  (|brightPrintRightJustify| |rst|))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%t"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%t")
                  (SPADLET $MARG (PLUS $MARG (|tabber| |rst|))))
-                ('T (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "("))
+                ('T (|sayString| "(")
                  (|brightPrint1| |key|)
                  (COND
                    ((EQ |key| '|TAGGEDreturn|)
@@ -1600,22 +1600,20 @@
                              (CONS (CAR |rst|)
                                    (CONS (CADR |rst|)
                                     (CONS (CADDR |rst|)
-                                     (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "environment (omitted)")
+                                     (CONS "environment (omitted)"
                                       NIL)))))))
                  (DO ((G166741 |rst| (CDR G166741)) (|y| NIL))
                      ((OR (ATOM G166741)
                           (PROGN (SETQ |y| (CAR G166741)) NIL))
                       NIL)
                    (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                (|sayString| " ")
                                 (|brightPrint1| |y|)))))
                  (COND
                    ((AND |rst| (SPADLET |la| (LASTATOM |rst|)))
-                    (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " . "))
+                    (|sayString| " . ")
                     (|brightPrint1| |la|)))
-                 (|sayString| (MAKESTRING ")"))))))))))
+                 (|sayString| ")")))))))))
 
 ;brightPrintHighlightAsTeX x ==
 ;  IDENTP x =>
@@ -1653,20 +1651,20 @@
              ((IDENTP |x|) (SPADLET |pn| (PNAME |x|))
               (|sayString| |pn|))
              ((ATOM |x|) (|sayString| (|object2String| |x|)))
-             ((VECP |x|) (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "UNPRINTABLE")))
+             ((VECP |x|) (|sayString| "UNPRINTABLE"))
              ('T (SPADLET |key| (CAR |x|)) (SPADLET |rst| (CDR |x|))
               (COND
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%m"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%m")
                  (|mathprint| |rst|))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%m")) |rst|)
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%s"))
-                 (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\verb_"))
-                 (PRETTYPRIN0 |rst|) (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "_")))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%ce"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%m") |rst|)
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%s")
+                 (|sayString| "\\verb_")
+                 (PRETTYPRIN0 |rst|) (|sayString| "_"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%ce")
                  (|brightPrintCenter| |rst|))
-                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| (MAKESTRING "%t"))
+                ((BOOT-EQUAL |key| "%t")
                  (SPADLET $MARG (PLUS $MARG (|tabber| |rst|))))
-                ('T (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "("))
+                ('T (|sayString| "(")
                  (|brightPrint1| |key|)
                  (COND
                    ((EQ |key| '|TAGGEDreturn|)
@@ -1674,22 +1672,20 @@
                              (CONS (CAR |rst|)
                                    (CONS (CADR |rst|)
                                     (CONS (CADDR |rst|)
-                                     (CONS
-                                      (MAKESTRING
-                                       "environment (omitted)")
+                                     (CONS "environment (omitted)"
                                       NIL)))))))
                  (DO ((G166770 |rst| (CDR G166770)) (|y| NIL))
                      ((OR (ATOM G166770)
                           (PROGN (SETQ |y| (CAR G166770)) NIL))
                       NIL)
                    (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
-                                (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                (|sayString| " ")
                                 (|brightPrint1| |y|)))))
                  (COND
                    ((AND |rst| (SPADLET |la| (LASTATOM |rst|)))
-                    (|sayString| (MAKESTRING " . "))
+                    (|sayString| " . ")
                     (|brightPrint1| |la|)))
-                 (|sayString| (MAKESTRING ")"))))))))))
+                 (|sayString| ")")))))))))
 
 ;tabber num ==
 ;    maxTab := 50
@@ -1745,7 +1741,7 @@
                           (DIVIDE (SPADDIFFERENCE $LINELENGTH |wid|) 2))
                  (SPADLET |x|
                           (LIST (|fillerSpaces| (ELT |f| 0)
-                                    (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                    " ")
                                 |x|))))
               (DO ((G166799 |x| (CDR G166799)) (|y| NIL))
                   ((OR (ATOM G166799)
@@ -1769,7 +1765,7 @@
                           (DIVIDE (SPADDIFFERENCE $LINELENGTH |wid|) 2))
                  (SPADLET |y|
                           (CONS (|fillerSpaces| (ELT |f| 0)
-                                    (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                    " ")
                                 |y|))))
               (DO ((G166816 |y| (CDR G166816)) (|z| NIL))
                   ((OR (ATOM G166816)
@@ -1802,8 +1798,8 @@
   (PROG (|lst| |words|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (COND
-             ((ATOM |x|) (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{"))
-              (|sayString| |x|) (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "}")))
+             ((ATOM |x|) (|sayString| "\\centerline{")
+              (|sayString| |x|) (|sayString| "}"))
              ('T (SPADLET |lst| |x|)
               (DO () ((NULL |lst|) NIL)
                 (SEQ (EXIT (PROGN
@@ -1821,7 +1817,7 @@
                                        (SPADLET |lst| (CDR |lst|))))))
                              (COND
                                (|lst| (SPADLET |lst| (CDR |lst|))))
-                             (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "\\centerline{"))
+                             (|sayString| "\\centerline{")
                              (SPADLET |words| (NREVERSE |words|))
                              (DO ((G166868 |words| (CDR G166868))
                                   (|zz| NIL))
@@ -1831,7 +1827,7 @@
                                         NIL))
                                   NIL)
                                (SEQ (EXIT (|brightPrint0| |zz|))))
-                             (|sayString| (MAKESTRING "}"))))))
+                             (|sayString| "}")))))
               NIL))))))
 
 ;brightPrintRightJustify x ==
@@ -1873,7 +1869,7 @@
                  (SPADLET |x|
                           (LIST (|fillerSpaces|
                                     (SPADDIFFERENCE $LINELENGTH |wid|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                    " ")
                                 |x|))
                  (DO ((G166891 |x| (CDR G166891)) (|y| NIL))
                      ((OR (ATOM G166891)
@@ -1897,7 +1893,7 @@
                  (SPADLET |y|
                           (CONS (|fillerSpaces|
                                     (SPADDIFFERENCE $LINELENGTH |wid|)
-                                    (MAKESTRING " "))
+                                    " ")
                                 |y|))))
               (DO ((G166908 |y| (CDR G166908)) (|z| NIL))
                   ((OR (ATOM G166908)
@@ -1959,12 +1955,12 @@
      (COND ((NULL |$highlightAllowed|) 1) ('T 1)))
     ((|member| |x| '("%l" |%l|)) 0)
     ((AND (STRINGP |x|) (> (STRINGLENGTH |x|) 2)
-          (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 0) (MAKESTRING "%"))
-          (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 1) (MAKESTRING "x")))
+          (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 0) "%")
+          (BOOT-EQUAL (ELT |x| 1) "x"))
      (INTERN (ELT |x| 3)))
     ((STRINGP |x|) (STRINGLENGTH |x|))
     ((IDENTP |x|) (STRINGLENGTH (PNAME |x|)))
-    ((VECP |x|) (STRINGLENGTH (MAKESTRING "UNPRINTABLE")))
+    ((VECP |x|) (STRINGLENGTH "UNPRINTABLE"))
     ((ATOM |x|) (STRINGLENGTH (STRINGIMAGE |x|)))
     ('T (PLUS 2 (|sayBrightlyLength| |x|)))))
 
@@ -2032,7 +2028,7 @@
                 NIL)
                ('T (SPADLET |w| (MIN (PLUS |m| 3) $LINELENGTH))
                 (SPADLET |p| (QUOTIENT $LINELENGTH |w|))
-                (SPADLET |n| (|#| |l|)) (SPADLET |str| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                (SPADLET |n| (|#| |l|)) (SPADLET |str| "")
                 (DO ((G166999 (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| 1))
                      (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                     ((QSGREATERP |i| G166999) NIL)
@@ -2045,14 +2041,14 @@
                                          (|fillerSpaces|
                                           (SPADDIFFERENCE |w|
                                            (|#| |c|))
-                                          (MAKESTRING " "))))
+                                          " ")))
                                (COND
                                  ((EQL (REMAINDER (PLUS |i| 1) |p|) 0)
                                   (PROGN
                                     (|sayMSG| |str|)
-                                    (SPADLET |str| (MAKESTRING "")))))))))
+                                    (SPADLET |str| ""))))))))
                 (COND
-                  ((NEQUAL |str| (MAKESTRING "")) (|sayMSG| |str|)))
+                  ((NEQUAL |str| "") (|sayMSG| |str|)))
                 NIL)))))))
 
 ;say2PerLine l == say2PerLineWidth(l,$LINELENGTH / 2)
@@ -2080,7 +2076,7 @@
                       (PROGN (SETQ |x| (CAR G167033)) NIL))
                   NIL)
                (SEQ (EXIT (|sayLongOperation| |x|))))
-             (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "")))))))
+             (|sayBrightly| ""))))))
 
 ;say2Split(l,short,long,width) ==
 ;  l is [x,:l'] =>
@@ -2171,13 +2167,13 @@
                           (|fillerSpaces|
                               (SPADDIFFERENCE (QUOTIENT $LINELENGTH 2)
                                   (|sayDisplayWidth| (CAR |l|)))
-                              (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                              " "))
                       (COND
                         ((SPADLET |l| (CDR |l|))
                          (|sayBrightlyNT| (CAR |l|))
                          (SPADLET |l| (CDR |l|))
-                         (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING "")))
-                        ('T (|sayBrightly| (MAKESTRING ""))))))))))
+                         (|sayBrightly| ""))
+                        ('T (|sayBrightly| "")))))))))
 
 ;sayDisplayStringWidth x ==
 ;  null x => 0
@@ -2222,7 +2218,7 @@
                                      (PLUS G167123
                                       (|sayDisplayWidth,fn| |y|)))))))))
              ((OR (BOOT-EQUAL |x| '%%)
-                  (BOOT-EQUAL |x| (MAKESTRING "%%")))
+                  (BOOT-EQUAL |x| "%%"))
               1)
              ('T (|#| (|atom2String| |x|))))))))
 
@@ -2321,7 +2317,7 @@
 
 (DEFUN |center80| (|text|)
   (declare (special $LINELENGTH))
-  (|centerNoHighlight| |text| $LINELENGTH (MAKESTRING " ")))
+  (|centerNoHighlight| |text| $LINELENGTH " "))
 
 ;centerAndHighlight(text,:argList) ==
 ;  width := IFCAR argList or $LINELENGTH
@@ -2344,7 +2340,7 @@
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |width| (OR (IFCAR |argList|) $LINELENGTH))
              (SPADLET |fillchar|
-                      (OR (IFCAR (IFCDR |argList|)) (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                      (OR (IFCAR (IFCDR |argList|)) " "))
              (SPADLET |wid| (PLUS (|entryWidth| |text|) 2))
              (COND
                ((>= |wid| (SPADDIFFERENCE |width| 2))
@@ -2355,7 +2351,7 @@
                          (DIVIDE (SPADDIFFERENCE
                                      (SPADDIFFERENCE |width| |wid|) 2)
                                  2))
-                (SPADLET |fill1| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                (SPADLET |fill1| "")
                 (DO ((G167221 (ELT |f| 0)) (|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                     ((QSGREATERP |i| G167221) NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |fill1|
@@ -2396,7 +2392,7 @@
       (SEQ (PROGN
              (SPADLET |width| (OR (IFCAR |argList|) $LINELENGTH))
              (SPADLET |fillchar|
-                      (OR (IFCAR (IFCDR |argList|)) (MAKESTRING " ")))
+                      (OR (IFCAR (IFCDR |argList|)) " "))
              (COND
                ((SPADLET |u| (|splitSayBrightlyArgument| |text|))
                 (SPADLET |text| (CAR |u|))
@@ -2410,7 +2406,7 @@
                          (DIVIDE (SPADDIFFERENCE
                                      (SPADDIFFERENCE |width| |wid|) 2)
                                  2))
-                (SPADLET |fill1| (MAKESTRING ""))
+                (SPADLET |fill1| "")
                 (DO ((G167248 (ELT |f| 0)) (|i| 1 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                     ((QSGREATERP |i| G167248) NIL)
                   (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |fill1|
@@ -2510,18 +2506,18 @@
 ;                    '"$", '"&", '"^", '"__", '"_~"]
 
 (SPADLET |$htSpecialChars|
-         (CONS (MAKESTRING "#")
-               (CONS (MAKESTRING "[")
-                     (CONS (MAKESTRING "]")
-                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "%")
-                                 (CONS (MAKESTRING "{")
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "}")
-                                        (CONS (MAKESTRING "\\")
-                                         (CONS (MAKESTRING "$")
-                                          (CONS (MAKESTRING "&")
-                                           (CONS (MAKESTRING "^")
-                                            (CONS (MAKESTRING "_")
-                                             (CONS (MAKESTRING "~")
+         (CONS "#"
+               (CONS "["
+                     (CONS "]"
+                           (CONS "%"
+                                 (CONS "{"
+                                       (CONS "}"
+                                        (CONS "\\"
+                                         (CONS "$"
+                                          (CONS "&"
+                                           (CONS "^"
+                                            (CONS "_"
+                                             (CONS "~"
                                               NIL)))))))))))))
 
 ;$htCharAlist := '(
@@ -2555,7 +2551,7 @@
       (SEQ (COND
              ((SPADLET |u| (LASSOC |s| |$htCharAlist|)) |u|)
              ((|member| |s| |$htSpecialChars|)
-              (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "\\") |s|))
+              (STRCONC "\\" |s|))
              ((NULL |$saturn|) |s|)
              ((ALPHA-CHAR-P (ELT |s| 0)) |s|)
              ((NULL (PROG (G167323)
@@ -2571,7 +2567,7 @@
                                        (|dbSpecialDisplayOpChar?|
                                         (ELT |s| |i|))))))))))
               |s|)
-             ('T (SPADLET |buf| (MAKESTRING ""))
+             ('T (SPADLET |buf| "")
               (DO ((G167338 (MAXINDEX |s|)) (|i| 0 (QSADD1 |i|)))
                   ((QSGREATERP |i| G167338) NIL)
                 (SEQ (EXIT (SPADLET |buf|
@@ -2579,8 +2575,8 @@
                                       ((|dbSpecialDisplayOpChar?|
                                         (ELT |s| |i|))
                                        (STRCONC |buf|
-                                        (MAKESTRING "\\verb!")
-                                        (ELT |s| |i|) (MAKESTRING "!")))
+                                        "\\verb!"
+                                        (ELT |s| |i|) "!"))
                                       ('T
                                        (STRCONC |buf| (ELT |s| |i|))))))))
               |buf|))))))
diff --git a/src/interp/nag-c02.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/nag-c02.lisp.pamphlet
index e358fea..e1d4c1b 100644
--- a/src/interp/nag-c02.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/nag-c02.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c02aff| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING "C02AFF - All Zeros of a Complex Polynomial") NIL)
+        "C02AFF - All Zeros of a Complex Polynomial" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
           (|text|
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c02affSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c02affSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c02affSolve htPage ==
@@ -123,19 +123,19 @@
 (DEFUN |c02affSolve,f| (|i| |n|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |post| |rnam| |inam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline z**"))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline z**")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix|
                              (STRINGIMAGE
                                  (PLUS (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| |i|) 1))
-                             (MAKESTRING "\\space{1}")))
-           (SPADLET |post| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{30} "))
-           (SPADLET |post| (STRCONC |post| (MAKESTRING "\\space{1}")))
+                             "\\space{1}"))
+           (SPADLET |post| "\\tab{30} ")
+           (SPADLET |post| (STRCONC |post| "\\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |inam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "i")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "i"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@
              (SPADLET |scale|
                       (COND
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |logical| '|true|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "true"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "false"))))
+                         "true")
+                        ('T "false")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -203,14 +203,12 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                              '|C02AFF - All Zeros of a Complex Polynomial|
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-     "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the coefficients of the polynomial: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Real parts \\tab{30} Imaginary parts "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay|      "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the coefficients of the polynomial: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Real parts \\tab{30} Imaginary parts ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c02affGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|scale| |scale|)
@@ -280,8 +278,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '5)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "C02AFF - All Zeros of a Complex Polynomial")
+                                              "C02AFF - All Zeros of a Complex Polynomial"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -309,7 +306,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (10 "10.0" |r6| F)) (|text| . "\\tab{30} ")
               (|text| . "\\space{1} ") (|bcStrings| (10 "1.0" |i6| F))
               (|text| . "\\newline ") (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c02affGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c02affGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|scale| |scale|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -359,7 +356,7 @@
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (SPADLET |imagstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |imaglist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c02aff([") |realstring| '|,|
+                 (STRCONC "c02aff([" |realstring| '|,|
                           |imagstring| '|],| (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|,|
                           |scale| '|,| (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -396,7 +393,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c02agf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING "C02AGF - All Zeros of a Real Polynomial") NIL)
+        "C02AGF - All Zeros of a Real Polynomial" NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
           (|text|
@@ -425,7 +422,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c02agfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c02agfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c02agfSolve htPage ==
@@ -468,14 +465,14 @@
 (DEFUN |c02agfSolve,f| (|i| |n|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |rnam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline z**"))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline z**")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix|
                              (STRINGIMAGE
                                  (PLUS (SPADDIFFERENCE |n| |i|) 1))
-                             (MAKESTRING "\\space{1}")))
+                             "\\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -504,8 +501,8 @@
              (SPADLET |scale|
                       (COND
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |logical| '|true|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "true"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "false"))))
+                         "true")
+                        ('T "false")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -535,12 +532,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                              '|C02AGF - All Zeros of a Real Polynomial|
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the coefficients of the polynomial: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the coefficients of the polynomial: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c02agfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|scale| |scale|)
@@ -591,8 +587,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '5)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "C02AGF - All Zeros of a Real Polynomial")
+                                              "C02AGF - All Zeros of a Real Polynomial"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -611,7 +606,7 @@
               (|text| . "z**0 \\space{1} ")
               (|bcStrings| (10 "6.0" |r6| F)) (|text| . "\\newline ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c02agfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c02agfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|scale| |scale|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -651,7 +646,7 @@
                                      (CONS |left| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c02agf([") |realstring| '|],|
+                 (STRCONC "c02agf([" |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|,| |scale| '|,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
diff --git a/src/interp/nag-c05.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/nag-c05.lisp.pamphlet
index ba420ed..61dd514 100644
--- a/src/interp/nag-c05.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/nag-c05.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
- "C05ADF - Zero of continuous function in given interval, Bus and Dekker algorithm")
+         "C05ADF - Zero of continuous function in given interval, Bus and Dekker algorithm"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c05adfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c05adfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c05adfGen htPage ==
@@ -153,11 +152,11 @@
         (SPADLET |temp1|
                  (COND
                    ((> |temp| 0.0) |eps|)
-                   ('T (MAKESTRING "1.0e-5"))))
+                   ('T "1.0e-5")))
         (SPADLET |expression|
                  (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|expression|))
         (SPADLET |prefix|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c05adf(") |a| '|,| |b| '|,|
+                 (STRCONC "c05adf(" |a| '|,| |b| '|,|
                           |temp1| '|,| |eta| '|,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|)))
         (|linkGen|
@@ -200,8 +199,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c05nbf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C05NBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using function values only")
+                    "C05NBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using function values only"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -231,7 +229,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c05nbfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c05nbfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c05nbfSolve htPage ==
@@ -280,15 +278,15 @@
 (DEFUN |c05nbfSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "X[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (STRCONC "X[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                              '|] + 1|))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS '|bcStrings|
                        (CONS (CONS 4
@@ -344,12 +342,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166099
                                        (|c05nbfSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Enter initial guess "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Enter initial guess ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "of the solution vector {\\it x}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "of the solution vector {\\it x}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |middle| (CONS '|text| |middle|))
                 (SPADLET |vecList|
                          (PROG (G166111)
@@ -374,12 +370,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
  '|C05NBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using function values only|
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-     "Enter the functions \\htbitmap{fi} below in terms of X[1]...X[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|      "Enter the functions \\htbitmap{fi} below in terms of X[1]...X[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c05nbfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -502,7 +497,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (4 "-1.0" |x7| F))
               (|bcStrings| (4 "-1.0" |x8| F))
               (|bcStrings| (4 "-1.0" |x9| F))))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c05nbfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c05nbfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|xtol| |xtol|)
@@ -610,8 +605,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c05pbf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-  "C05PBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using first derivatives")
+          "C05PBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using first derivatives"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -641,7 +635,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c05pbfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c05pbfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c05pbfSolve htPage ==
@@ -690,15 +684,15 @@
 (DEFUN |c05pbfSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "X[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (STRCONC "X[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                              '|] + 1|))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -713,7 +707,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS '|bcStrings|
                        (CONS (CONS 4
@@ -754,12 +748,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166197
                                        (|c05pbfSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                 "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Enter initial guess "))
+                                          "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Enter initial guess ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                              "of the solution vector {\\it x}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                "of the solution vector {\\it x}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |middle| (CONS '|text| |middle|))
                 (SPADLET |vecList|
                          (PROG (G166209)
@@ -782,15 +774,13 @@
                                |funcList|))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-  "C05PBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using first derivatives")
+                               "C05PBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using first derivatives"
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-       "Enter the functions \\htbitmap{fi} below in terms of X[1]...X[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|        "Enter the functions \\htbitmap{fi} below in terms of X[1]...X[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c05pbfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -856,8 +846,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '9)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-  "C05PBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using first derivatives")
+                       "C05PBF - Solution of system of nonlinear equations using first derivatives"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -914,7 +903,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (4 "-1.0" |x7| F))
               (|bcStrings| (4 "-1.0" |x8| F))
               (|bcStrings| (4 "-1.0" |x9| F))))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c05pbfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c05pbfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|xtol| |xtol|)
diff --git a/src/interp/nag-c06.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/nag-c06.lisp.pamphlet
index 51b6a86..29854cb 100644
--- a/src/interp/nag-c06.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/nag-c06.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06eaf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06EAF - Single 1-D real discrete Fourier transform ")
+                    "C06EAF - Single 1-D real discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06eafSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06eafSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06eafSolve htPage ==
@@ -106,9 +105,9 @@
 (DEFUN |c06eafSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |rnam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{15} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{15} ")
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -157,16 +156,14 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                         '|C06EAF - Single 1-D real discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the sequence to be transformed: "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the sequence to be transformed: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                        "Note : On exit, the transformed sequence is stored "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "in Hermitian form "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|                         "Note : On exit, the transformed sequence is stored ")
+                (|htSay| "in Hermitian form ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06eafGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -214,8 +211,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '7)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                        "C06EAF - Single 1-D real discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                             "C06EAF - Single 1-D real discrete Fourier transform "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -241,7 +237,7 @@
                . "Note : On exit, the transformed sequence is stored ")
               (|text| . "in Hermitian form ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06eafGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06eafGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
@@ -277,7 +273,7 @@
                                      (CONS |left| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06eaf(") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                 (STRCONC "c06eaf(" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
                           '|,[| |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -310,8 +306,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06ebf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06EBF - Single 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform ")
+                    "C06EBF - Single 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -334,7 +329,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06ebfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06ebfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06ebfSolve htPage ==
@@ -371,9 +366,9 @@
 (DEFUN |c06ebfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |rnam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{15} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{15} ")
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -422,15 +417,13 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                         '|C06EBF - Single 1-D real discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-           "Enter the sequence to be transformed, stored in Hermitian form: "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|            "Enter the sequence to be transformed, stored in Hermitian form: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-         "Note : On exit, the components of the discrete Fourier transform "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|          "Note : On exit, the components of the discrete Fourier transform ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06ebfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -477,8 +470,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '7)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                   "C06EBF - Single 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                        "C06EBF - Single 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -504,7 +496,7 @@
               (|text|
           . "Note : On exit, the components of the discrete Fourier transform")
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06ebfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06ebfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
@@ -540,7 +532,7 @@
                                      (CONS |left| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06ebf(") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                 (STRCONC "c06ebf(" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
                           '|,[| |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -572,8 +564,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06ecf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06ECF - Single 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform ")
+                    "C06ECF - Single 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -595,7 +586,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06ecfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06ecfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06ecfSolve htPage ==
@@ -636,13 +627,13 @@
 (DEFUN |c06ecfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |post| |xnam| |ynam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
-           (SPADLET |post| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{32} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
+           (SPADLET |post| "\\tab{32} ")
            (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "y")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "y"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -703,13 +694,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                      '|C06ECF - Single 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-               "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Real parts of sequence: \\tab{30} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{32} Imaginary parts: "))
+                (|htSay|                "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Real parts of sequence: \\tab{30} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{32} Imaginary parts: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06ecfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -768,8 +757,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '7)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                     "C06ECF - Single 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                          "C06ECF - Single 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform "
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -806,7 +794,7 @@
               (|text| . "\\tab{32} ")
               (|bcStrings| (10 "0.16298" |y7| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06ecfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06ecfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
@@ -853,7 +841,7 @@
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (SPADLET |imagstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |imaglist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06ecf(") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                 (STRCONC "c06ecf(" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
                           '|,[| |realstring| '|],[| |imagstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -892,8 +880,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06ekf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06EKF - Circular convolution or correlation of two real vectors")
+                    "C06EKF - Circular convolution or correlation of two real vectors"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -921,7 +908,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06ekfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06ekfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06ekfSolve htPage ==
@@ -968,13 +955,13 @@
 (DEFUN |c06ekfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |post| |xnam| |ynam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
-           (SPADLET |post| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{34} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
+           (SPADLET |post| "\\tab{34} ")
            (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "y")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "y"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -1039,14 +1026,12 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                      '|C06EKF - Single 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-          "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Elements of period of vector {\\em x}: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{31} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-          "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{34} Elements of period of vector {\\em y}:"))
+                (|htSay|           "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Elements of period of vector {\\em x}: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\tab{31} ")
+                (|htSay|           "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{34} Elements of period of vector {\\em y}:")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06ekfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|job| |job|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
@@ -1115,8 +1100,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '9)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-           "C06EKF - Circular convolution or correlation of two real vectors ")
+                                "C06EKF - Circular convolution or correlation of two real vectors "
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -1153,7 +1137,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (10 "0.00" |x9| F)) (|text| . "\\tab{34} ")
               (|bcStrings| (10 "0.00" |y9| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06ekfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06ekfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|job| |job|)
@@ -1203,7 +1187,7 @@
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (SPADLET |imagstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |imaglist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06ekf(") (STRINGIMAGE |job|)
+                 (STRCONC "c06ekf(" (STRINGIMAGE |job|)
                           '|,| (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|,[| |realstring|
                           '|],[| |imagstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
@@ -1248,8 +1232,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06fpf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06FPF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform ")
+                    "C06FPF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -1282,7 +1265,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06fpfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06fpfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06fpfSolve htPage ==
@@ -1340,7 +1323,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -1361,16 +1344,16 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166334
                                       (APPEND G166334
                                        (|c06fpfSolve,g| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
 (DEFUN |c06fpfSolve,h| (|k|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |trignam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (SPADLET |trignam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "t")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "t"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |k|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -1406,9 +1389,9 @@
              (SPADLET |call| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|init|))
              (SPADLET |init|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) (MAKESTRING "i"))
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) (MAKESTRING "s"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "r"))))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) "i")
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) "s")
+                        ('T "r")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -1438,8 +1421,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166366
                                        (|c06fpfSolve,h| |k|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-         "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trigonometric coefficients "))
+                                  "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trigonometric coefficients ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix|
                               '|(not required if initial call) {\\it TRIG}: |))
@@ -1455,13 +1437,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                       '|C06FPF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                          "Enter each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "(Each column to contain a sequence.) "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                           "Enter each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. ")
+                (|htSay|                              "(Each column to contain a sequence.) ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06fpfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
@@ -1550,8 +1530,7 @@
         (SPADLET |m| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                      "C06FPF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                           "C06FPF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -1613,7 +1592,7 @@
               (|text| . "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.0" |t12| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06fpfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06fpfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|init| |init|)
@@ -1671,7 +1650,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |xlist| (CONS |left| |xlist|))))))
              (SPADLET |xstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |xlist|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
-                      (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06fpf(") (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
+                      (STRCONC "c06fpf(" (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
                                '|, | (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|, "|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
                       (STRCONC |prefix| |init| '|",[| |xstring| '|],[|
@@ -1718,8 +1697,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06fqf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06FQF - Multiple 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform ")
+                    "C06FQF - Multiple 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -1752,7 +1730,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06fqfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06fqfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06fqfSolve htPage ==
@@ -1810,7 +1788,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -1831,7 +1809,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166457
                                       (APPEND G166457
                                        (|c06fqfSolve,g| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -1840,7 +1818,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| '|\\newline \\tab{2} |)
            (SPADLET |trignam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "t")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "t"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |k|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -1876,9 +1854,9 @@
              (SPADLET |call| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|init|))
              (SPADLET |init|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) (MAKESTRING "i"))
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) (MAKESTRING "s"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "r"))))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) "i")
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) "s")
+                        ('T "r")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -1908,8 +1886,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166489
                                        (|c06fqfSolve,h| |k|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-          "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trignometric coefficients "))
+                                   "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trignometric coefficients ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix|
                               '|(not required if initial call) {\\it TRIG}: |))
@@ -1925,13 +1902,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                  '|C06FQF - Multiple 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                          "Enter each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "(Each column to contain a sequence.) "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                           "Enter each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. ")
+                (|htSay|                              "(Each column to contain a sequence.) ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06fqfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
@@ -2020,8 +1995,7 @@
         (SPADLET |m| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                 "C06FQF - Multiple 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                      "C06FQF - Multiple 1-D Hermitian discrete Fourier transform "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -2083,7 +2057,7 @@
               (|text| . "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.0" |t12| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06fqfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06fqfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|init| |init|)
@@ -2141,7 +2115,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |xlist| (CONS |left| |xlist|))))))
              (SPADLET |xstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |xlist|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
-                      (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06fqf(") (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
+                      (STRCONC "c06fqf(" (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
                                '|, | (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|, "|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
                       (STRCONC |prefix| |init| '|",[| |xstring| '|],[|
@@ -2188,8 +2162,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06frf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06FRF - Multiple 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform ")
+                    "C06FRF - Multiple 1-D complex discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -2222,7 +2195,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06frfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06frfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06frfSolve htPage ==
@@ -2293,7 +2266,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -2314,7 +2287,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166580
                                       (APPEND G166580
                                        (|c06frfSolve,gx| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -2322,7 +2295,7 @@
   (PROG (|ynam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "y") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "y" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -2343,7 +2316,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166603
                                       (APPEND G166603
                                        (|c06frfSolve,gy| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -2352,7 +2325,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| '|\\newline \\tab{2} |)
            (SPADLET |trignam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "t")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "t"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |k|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -2388,9 +2361,9 @@
              (SPADLET |call| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|init|))
              (SPADLET |init|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) (MAKESTRING "i"))
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) (MAKESTRING "s"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "r"))))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) "i")
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) "s")
+                        ('T "r")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -2419,8 +2392,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166635
                                        (|c06frfSolve,fy| |i| |m|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-          "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the imaginary parts "))
+                                   "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the imaginary parts ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix|
                             '|of each sequence to be transformed, {\\it y}. |))
@@ -2444,8 +2416,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166643
                                        (|c06frfSolve,h| |k|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-          "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trignometric coefficients "))
+                                   "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trignometric coefficients ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix|
                               '|(not required if initial call) {\\it TRIG}: |))
@@ -2462,13 +2433,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                       '|C06FRF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-        "Enter the real parts of each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                    "(Each column to contain the real parts of a sequence.) "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|         "Enter the real parts of each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. ")
+                (|htSay|                     "(Each column to contain the real parts of a sequence.) ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06frfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
@@ -2587,8 +2556,7 @@
         (SPADLET |m| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                      "C06FRF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                           "C06FRF - Multiple 1-D real discrete Fourier transform "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -2681,7 +2649,7 @@
               (|text| . "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.0" |t12| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06frfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06frfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|init| |init|)
@@ -2752,7 +2720,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |xlist| (CONS |left| |xlist|))))))
              (SPADLET |xstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |xlist|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
-                      (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06frf(") (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
+                      (STRCONC "c06frf(" (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
                                '|, | (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|, "|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
                       (STRCONC |prefix| |init| '|",[| |xstring| '|],[|
@@ -2802,7 +2770,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06fuf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING "C06FUF - 2-D complex discrete Fourier transform ")
+        "C06FUF - 2-D complex discrete Fourier transform "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -2838,7 +2806,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06fufSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06fufSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06fufSolve htPage ==
@@ -2917,7 +2885,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -2938,7 +2906,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166756
                                       (APPEND G166756
                                        (|c06fufSolve,gx| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -2946,7 +2914,7 @@
   (PROG (|ynam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "y") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "y" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -2967,7 +2935,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166779
                                       (APPEND G166779
                                        (|c06fufSolve,gy| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -2976,7 +2944,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| '|\\newline \\tab{2} |)
            (SPADLET |trignam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "tm")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "tm"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |k|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -2992,7 +2960,7 @@
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| '|\\newline \\tab{2} |)
            (SPADLET |trignam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "tn")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "tn"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |k|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -3028,9 +2996,9 @@
              (SPADLET |call| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|init|))
              (SPADLET |init|
                       (COND
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) (MAKESTRING "i"))
-                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) (MAKESTRING "s"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "r"))))
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|i|) "i")
+                        ((BOOT-EQUAL |call| '|s|) "s")
+                        ('T "r")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -3059,8 +3027,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166818
                                        (|c06fufSolve,fy| |i| |m|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-          "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the imaginary parts "))
+                                   "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the imaginary parts ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix|
                             '|of each sequence to be transformed, {\\it y}. |))
@@ -3084,8 +3051,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166826
                                        (|c06fufSolve,hm| |k|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-          "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trignometric coefficients "))
+                                   "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Trignometric coefficients ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix|
                              '|(not required if initial call) {\\it TRIGM}: |))
@@ -3105,8 +3071,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166835
                                        (|c06fufSolve,hn| |k|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} {\\it TRIGN}: "))
+                                               "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} {\\it TRIGN}: ")
                 (SPADLET |prefix|
                          (STRCONC |prefix| '|\\newline \\tab{2} |))
                 (SPADLET |trignList|
@@ -3122,13 +3087,11 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                             '|C06FUF - 2-D complex discrete Fourier transform |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-         "Enter the real part of each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                    "(Each column to contain the real parts of a sequence.) "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|          "Enter the real part of each sequence to be transformed, {\\it x}. ")
+                (|htSay|                     "(Each column to contain the real parts of a sequence.) ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06fufGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
@@ -3250,8 +3213,7 @@
         (SPADLET |m| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "C06FUF - 2-D real discrete Fourier transform ")
+                                              "C06FUF - 2-D real discrete Fourier transform "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -3346,7 +3308,7 @@
               (|text| . "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.0" |tn10| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06fufGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06fufGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|init| |init|)
@@ -3432,7 +3394,7 @@
                             (SPADLET |xlist| (CONS |left| |xlist|))))))
              (SPADLET |xstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |xlist|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
-                      (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06fuf(") (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
+                      (STRCONC "c06fuf(" (STRINGIMAGE |m|)
                                '|, | (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|, "|))
              (SPADLET |prefix|
                       (STRCONC |prefix| |init| '|",[| |xstring| '|],[|
@@ -3470,8 +3432,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06gbf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06GBF - Complex conjugate of a Hermitian sequence ")
+                    "C06GBF - Complex conjugate of a Hermitian sequence "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -3495,7 +3456,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gbfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gbfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06gbfSolve htPage ==
@@ -3532,9 +3493,9 @@
 (DEFUN |c06gbfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |rnam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{15} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{15} ")
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -3583,15 +3544,13 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                          '|C06GBF - Complex conjugate of a Hermitian sequence |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-  "Enter the Hermitian sequence to be transformed stored in Hermitian form: "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|   "Enter the Hermitian sequence to be transformed stored in Hermitian form: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                          "Note : On exit, the imaginary values are negated "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|                           "Note : On exit, the imaginary values are negated ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06gbfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -3639,8 +3598,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '7)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "C06GBF - Complex conjugate of a Hermitian sequence ")
+                                              "C06GBF - Complex conjugate of a Hermitian sequence "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -3667,7 +3625,7 @@
               (|text|
                . "Note : On exit, the imaginary values are negated ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gbfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gbfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
@@ -3703,7 +3661,7 @@
                                      (CONS |left| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06gbf(") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                 (STRCONC "c06gbf(" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
                           '|,[| |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -3737,7 +3695,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06gcf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING "C06GCF - Complex conjugate of complex sequence ")
+        "C06GCF - Complex conjugate of complex sequence "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -3762,7 +3720,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gcfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gcfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06gcfSolve htPage ==
@@ -3799,9 +3757,9 @@
 (DEFUN |c06gcfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |rnam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{15} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{15} ")
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -3850,15 +3808,13 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                          '|C06GCF - Complex conjugate of a Hermitian sequence |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the imaginary parts of the sequence: "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the imaginary parts of the sequence: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Note : On exit, these values are negated "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Note : On exit, these values are negated ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06gcfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -3905,8 +3861,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '7)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "C06GCF - Complex conjugate of complex sequence ")
+                                              "C06GCF - Complex conjugate of complex sequence "
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -3930,7 +3885,7 @@
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")
               (|text| . "Note : On exit, these values are negated ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline ")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gcfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gcfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
@@ -3966,7 +3921,7 @@
                                      (CONS |left| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06gcf(") (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
+                 (STRCONC "c06gcf(" (STRINGIMAGE |n|)
                           '|,[| |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -4006,8 +3961,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06gqf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "C06GQF - Complex conjugate of multiple Hermitian sequences ")
+                    "C06GQF - Complex conjugate of multiple Hermitian sequences "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -4038,7 +3992,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gqfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gqfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06gqfSolve htPage ==
@@ -4086,7 +4040,7 @@
   (PROG (|rnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -4107,7 +4061,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G167087
                                       (APPEND G167087
                                        (|c06gqfSolve,f| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -4161,15 +4115,13 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
                  '|C06GQF - Complex conjugate of multiple Hermitian sequences |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Please enter each sequence to be "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                 "transformed in Hermitian format. (Each column to contain  "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "a sequence.) "))
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
+                (|htSay|                 "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Please enter each sequence to be ")
+                (|htSay|                  "transformed in Hermitian format. (Each column to contain  ")
+                (|htSay| "a sequence.) ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06gqfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
@@ -4229,8 +4181,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '6)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                 "C06GQF - Complex conjugate of multiple Hermitian sequences ")
+                                      "C06GQF - Complex conjugate of multiple Hermitian sequences "
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -4264,7 +4215,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.8723" |y26| F))
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.4815" |y36| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gqfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gqfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -4303,7 +4254,7 @@
                                      (CONS |right| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06gqf(") (STRINGIMAGE |m|) '|,|
+                 (STRCONC "c06gqf(" (STRINGIMAGE |m|) '|,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|,[| |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -4343,8 +4294,7 @@
 (DEFUN |c06gsf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-           "C06GSF - Convert Hermitian sequences to general complex sequences")
+                   "C06GSF - Convert Hermitian sequences to general complex sequences"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -4377,7 +4327,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gsfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gsfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;c06gsfSolve htPage ==
@@ -4425,7 +4375,7 @@
   (PROG (|rnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "r") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "r" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -4446,7 +4396,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G167167
                                       (APPEND G167167
                                        (|c06gsfSolve,f| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -4500,15 +4450,13 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
           '|C06GSF - Convert Hermitian sequences to general complex sequences |
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-               "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Please enter each sequence to be "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                "transformed in Hermitian format. (Each column to contain a "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "sequence.) "))
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
+                (|htSay|                "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Please enter each sequence to be ")
+                (|htSay|                 "transformed in Hermitian format. (Each column to contain a ")
+                (|htSay| "sequence.) ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|c06gsfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
@@ -4568,8 +4516,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '6)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-          "C06GSF - Convert Hermitian sequences to general complex sequences ")
+                               "C06GSF - Convert Hermitian sequences to general complex sequences "
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -4603,7 +4550,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.8723" |y26| F))
               (|bcStrings| (6 "0.4815" |y36| F))
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|c06gsfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|c06gsfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|m| |m|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -4642,7 +4589,7 @@
                                      (CONS |right| |reallist|))))))
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c06gsf(") (STRINGIMAGE |m|) '|,|
+                 (STRCONC "c06gsf(" (STRINGIMAGE |m|) '|,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|,[| |realstring| '|],|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
diff --git a/src/interp/nag-d01.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/nag-d01.lisp.pamphlet
index ae699a0..b2db45f 100644
--- a/src/interp/nag-d01.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/nag-d01.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01AJF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, allowing for badly-behaved integrands")
+                    "D01AJF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, allowing for badly-behaved integrands"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01ajfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01ajfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01ajfGen htPage ==
@@ -242,8 +241,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01AKF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, method suitable for oscillating functions")
+                    "D01AKF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, method suitable for oscillating functions"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -293,7 +291,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01akfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01akfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01akfGen htPage ==
@@ -423,8 +421,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01ALF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, allowing for singularities at user-specified break-points ")
+                    "D01ALF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, allowing for singularities at user-specified break-points "
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -486,7 +483,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01alfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01alfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01alfGen htPage ==
@@ -539,7 +536,7 @@
                     (|objValUnwrap|
                         (|htpLabelSpadValue| |htPage| '|npts|)))))
         (SPADLET |points| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|points|))
-        (SPADLET |points| (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "[[") |points| ']]))
+        (SPADLET |points| (STRCONC "[[" |points| ']]))
         (SPADLET |epsabs| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|epsabs|))
         (SPADLET |epsrel| (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|epsrel|))
         (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
@@ -551,16 +548,16 @@
                  (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|expression|))
         (SPADLET |liw| (QUOTIENT |lw| 2))
         (SPADLET |prefix|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "d01alf(") |a| '| ,| |b| '| ,|
+                 (STRCONC "d01alf(" |a| '| ,| |b| '| ,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |npts|) '|,| |points| '|,|))
         (SPADLET |prefix|
                  (STRCONC |prefix| |epsabs| '| ,| |epsrel| '| ,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |lw|)))
         (SPADLET |middle|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING " ,") (STRINGIMAGE |liw|) '| ,|
+                 (STRCONC " ," (STRINGIMAGE |liw|) '| ,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '| ,|))
         (SPADLET |end|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(") |express|
+                 (STRCONC "(" |express|
                           '|::Expression Float) :: ASP1(F))|))
         (|linkGen| (STRCONC |prefix| |middle| |end|))))))
 
@@ -627,8 +624,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01AMF   1-D quadrature, adaptive, infinite or semi-infinite interval")
+                    "D01AMF   1-D quadrature, adaptive, infinite or semi-infinite interval"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -685,7 +681,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01amfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01amfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01amfGen htPage ==
@@ -747,16 +743,16 @@
                  (|htpLabelInputString| |htPage| '|expression|))
         (SPADLET |liw| (QUOTIENT |lw| 4))
         (SPADLET |prefix|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "d01amf(") |a| '| ,|
+                 (STRCONC "d01amf(" |a| '| ,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |inf|) '| ,|))
         (SPADLET |prefix|
                  (STRCONC |prefix| |epsabs| '| ,| |epsrel| '| ,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |lw|)))
         (SPADLET |middle|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING " ,") (STRINGIMAGE |liw|) '| ,|
+                 (STRCONC " ," (STRINGIMAGE |liw|) '| ,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '| ,|))
         (SPADLET |end|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "(") |express|
+                 (STRCONC "(" |express|
                           '|::Expression Float) :: ASP1(F))|))
         (|linkGen| (STRCONC |prefix| |middle| |end|))))))
 
@@ -830,8 +826,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01ANF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, weight function cos(\\omega x) or sin(\\omega x)")
+                    "D01ANF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, weight function cos(\\omega x) or sin(\\omega x)"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -889,7 +884,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01anfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01anfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01anfGen htPage ==
@@ -1034,8 +1029,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01APF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, weight function with end point singularities of algebraico-logarithmic type")
+                    "D01APF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, weight function with end point singularities of algebraico-logarithmic type"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -1108,7 +1102,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01apfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01apfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01apfGen htPage ==
@@ -1253,8 +1247,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01AQF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, weight function 1/(x-c), Cauchy principal value (Hilbert transform)")
+                    "D01AQF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, finite interval, weight function 1/(x-c), Cauchy principal value (Hilbert transform)"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -1308,7 +1301,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01aqfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01aqfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01aqfGen htPage ==
@@ -1439,8 +1432,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01ASF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, semi-infinite interval, weight function cos(\\omega x) or sin(\\omega x)")
+                    "D01ASF - 1-D quadrature, adaptive, semi-infinite interval, weight function cos(\\omega x) or sin(\\omega x)"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -1501,7 +1493,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01asfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01asfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01asfGen htPage ==
@@ -1608,8 +1600,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d01gaf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01GAF - \\space{1} 1-D quadrature, integration of function defined by data values, Gill-Miller method")
+                    "D01GAF - \\space{1} 1-D quadrature, integration of function defined by data values, Gill-Miller method"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -1634,7 +1625,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01gafSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01gafSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01gafSolve htPage ==
@@ -1676,13 +1667,13 @@
 (DEFUN |d01gafSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |post| |xnam| |ynam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
-           (SPADLET |post| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{40} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
+           (SPADLET |post| "\\tab{40} ")
            (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "y")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "y"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -1743,15 +1734,12 @@
                          (|htInitPage|
      '|D01GAF - 1-D quadrature, integration of function defined by data values|
                              (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-            "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Enter values for {\\em x}: \\tab{38} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                     "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{40} Enter values for {\\em y}: "))
+                (|htSay|             "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Enter values for {\\em x}: \\tab{38} ")
+                (|htSay|                      "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{40} Enter values for {\\em y}: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-      "Note:\\space{1}{\\em x} values in ascending or descending order only "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|       "Note:\\space{1}{\\em x} values in ascending or descending order only ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d01gafGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
@@ -1869,8 +1857,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '21)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D01GAF - 1-D quadrature, integration of function defined by data values")
+                                              "D01GAF - 1-D quadrature, integration of function defined by data values"
                      (|htpPropertyList| |htPage|)))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -1947,7 +1934,7 @@
               (|text|
                . "Note:\\space{1}{\\em x} values in ascending or descending order only ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01gafGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01gafGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
@@ -1994,7 +1981,7 @@
              (SPADLET |realstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |reallist|))
              (SPADLET |imagstring| (|bcwords2liststring| |imaglist|))
              (|linkGen|
-                 (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "d01gaf([") |realstring| '|],[|
+                 (STRCONC "d01gaf([" |realstring| '|],[|
                           |imagstring| '|],| (STRINGIMAGE |n|) '|,|
                           (STRINGIMAGE |ifail|) '|)|)))))))
 
@@ -2061,8 +2048,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-        "D01FCF - Multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature over hyper-rectangle")
+                "D01FCF - Multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature over hyper-rectangle"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -2118,7 +2104,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01fcfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01fcfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01fcfSolve htPage ==
@@ -2175,13 +2161,13 @@
 (DEFUN |d01fcfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |post| |rnam| |inam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
-           (SPADLET |post| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{32} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
+           (SPADLET |post| "\\tab{32} ")
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "a")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "a"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |inam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "b")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "b"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -2272,18 +2258,14 @@
                                |labelList|))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-         "D01FCF - Multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature over hyper-rectangle")
+                                      "D01FCF - Multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature over hyper-rectangle"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Please enter the limits of integration:- "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                         "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Lower limits: \\tab{30} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{32} Upper limits: "))
+                (|htSay|                              "Please enter the limits of integration:- ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|                          "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Lower limits: \\tab{30} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{32} Upper limits: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d01fcfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ndim| |ndim|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|expression| |expression|)
@@ -2345,8 +2327,7 @@
         (SPADLET |ndim| '4)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D01FCF - Multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature over hyper-rectangle")
+                                              "D01FCF - Multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature over hyper-rectangle"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -2369,7 +2350,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (10 "0.0" |a4| F)) (|text| . "\\tab{32} ")
               (|bcStrings| (10 "1.0" |b4| F)) (|text| . "\\newline ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01fcfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01fcfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ndim| |ndim|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|expression| |expression|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|minpts| |minpts|)
@@ -2510,8 +2491,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01GBF - Multi-dimensional quadrature over hyper-rectangle, Monte Carlo method")
+                    "D01GBF - Multi-dimensional quadrature over hyper-rectangle, Monte Carlo method"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -2566,7 +2546,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01gbfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01gbfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01gbfSolve htPage ==
@@ -2623,13 +2603,13 @@
 (DEFUN |d01gbfSolve,f| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |post| |rnam| |inam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline \\tab{2} "))
-           (SPADLET |post| (MAKESTRING "\\tab{32} "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline \\tab{2} ")
+           (SPADLET |post| "\\tab{32} ")
            (SPADLET |rnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "a")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "a"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (SPADLET |inam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "b")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "b"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -2720,18 +2700,14 @@
                                |labelList|))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D01GBF - Multi-dimensional quadrature over hyper-rectangle, Monte Carlo method")
+                                                              "D01GBF - Multi-dimensional quadrature over hyper-rectangle, Monte Carlo method"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Please enter the limits of integration:- "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\blankline "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Lower limits: \\tab{30} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{32} Upper limits: "))
+                (|htSay|                              "Please enter the limits of integration:- ")
+                (|htSay| "\\blankline ")
+                (|htSay|                              "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} Lower limits: \\tab{30} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{32} Upper limits: ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d01gbfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ndim| |ndim|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|expression| |expression|)
@@ -2793,8 +2769,7 @@
         (SPADLET |ndim| '4)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D01GBF - Multi-dimensional quadrature over hyper-rectangle, Monte Carlo method")
+                                              "D01GBF - Multi-dimensional quadrature over hyper-rectangle, Monte Carlo method"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| F (|Float|)))
@@ -2817,7 +2792,7 @@
               (|bcStrings| (10 "0.0" |a4| F)) (|text| . "\\tab{32} ")
               (|bcStrings| (10 "1.0" |b4| F)) (|text| . "\\newline ")
               (|text| . "\\blankline")))
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01gbfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01gbfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ndim| |ndim|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|expression| |expression|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|mincls| |mincls|)
@@ -2958,8 +2933,7 @@
   (declare (special |$EmptyMode|))
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D01BBF - Weights and abscissae for Gaussian quadrature rules")
+                    "D01BBF - Weights and abscissae for Gaussian quadrature rules"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -3006,7 +2980,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d01bbfGen|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d01bbfGen|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d01bbfGen htPage ==
diff --git a/src/interp/nag-d02.lisp.pamphlet b/src/interp/nag-d02.lisp.pamphlet
index 0644ef6..70d8807 100644
--- a/src/interp/nag-d02.lisp.pamphlet
+++ b/src/interp/nag-d02.lisp.pamphlet
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02bbf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02BBF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, over a range, intermediate output")
+                    "D02BBF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, over a range, intermediate output"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02bbfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02bbfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02bbfSolve htPage ==
@@ -182,14 +181,14 @@
 (DEFUN |d02bbfSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Y[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
+                    (STRCONC "Y[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@
   (PROG (|ynam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "u")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "u"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -258,12 +257,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166080
                                        (|d02bbfSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline \\tab{2}")))
+                                                                        "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline \\tab{2}"))
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (PROG (G166088)
                            (SPADLET G166088 NIL)
@@ -277,12 +274,10 @@
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |yList|))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Intermediate values of {\\it x}"))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Intermediate values of {\\it x}")
                 (SPADLET |mid|
                          (STRCONC |mid|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      " at which \\htbitmap{yi} is required: \\newline \\tab{2}")))
+                                                                        " at which \\htbitmap{yi} is required: \\newline \\tab{2}"))
                 (SPADLET |vList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                      (CONS
@@ -302,16 +297,14 @@
                                        (APPEND |yList| |vList|))))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D02BBF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, over a range, intermediate output")
+                                                              "D02BBF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, over a range, intermediate output"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                          "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                           "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below ")
+                (|htSay| "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d02bbfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|x| |x|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|xend| |xend|)
@@ -373,8 +366,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D02BBF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, over a range, intermediate output")
+                                              "D02BBF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, over a range, intermediate output"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -412,7 +404,7 @@
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|tol| |tol|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|irelab| |irelab|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02bbfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02bbfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
             (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
@@ -570,8 +562,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02bhf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02BHF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, until function of solution is zero")
+                    "D02BHF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, until function of solution is zero"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -625,7 +616,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02bhfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02bhfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02bhfSolve htPage ==
@@ -691,14 +682,14 @@
 (DEFUN |d02bhfSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Y[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
+                    (STRCONC "Y[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -713,7 +704,7 @@
   (PROG (|ynam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "u")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "u"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -766,12 +757,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166200
                                        (|d02bhfSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (PROG (G166208)
                            (SPADLET G166208 NIL)
@@ -785,17 +774,15 @@
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |yList|))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the function below "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the function below ")
                 (SPADLET |mid|
                          (STRCONC |mid|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "{\\em g(x,y)}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "{\\em g(x,y)}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |vList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS 30
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "Y[1]")
+                                       (CONS "Y[1]"
                                         (CONS '|g| (CONS 'EM NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                                NIL))
@@ -810,16 +797,14 @@
                                        (APPEND |yList| |vList|))))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D02BHF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, until function of solution is zero")
+                                                              "D02BHF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, until function of solution is zero"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below \\htbitmap{fi} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below \\htbitmap{fi} ")
+                (|htSay| "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d02bhfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|x| |x|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|xend| |xend|)
@@ -882,8 +867,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D02BHF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, until function of solution is zero")
+                                              "D02BHF - ODEs, IVP, Runge-Kutta-Merson method, until function of solution is zero"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -918,7 +902,7 @@
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|irelab| |irelab|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|hmax| |hmax|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02bhfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02bhfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
             (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
@@ -1058,8 +1042,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02cjf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02CJF - ODEs, IVP, Adams method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output")
+                    "D02CJF - ODEs, IVP, Adams method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -1108,7 +1091,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02cjfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02cjfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02cjfSolve htPage ==
@@ -1176,14 +1159,14 @@
 (DEFUN |d02cjfSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Y[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
+                    (STRCONC "Y[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -1198,7 +1181,7 @@
   (PROG (|ynam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "u")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "u"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -1229,10 +1212,10 @@
              (SPADLET |relabs|
                       (COND
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |control| '|mix|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "D"))
+                         "D")
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |control| '|abs|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "A"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "R"))))
+                         "A")
+                        ('T "R")))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
                       (COND ((BOOT-EQUAL |error| '|one|) '1) ('T '-1)))
@@ -1252,12 +1235,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166318
                                        (|d02cjfSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (PROG (G166326)
                            (SPADLET G166326 NIL)
@@ -1271,12 +1252,10 @@
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |yList|))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Intermediate values of {\\it x}"))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Intermediate values of {\\it x}")
                 (SPADLET |mid|
                          (STRCONC |mid|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      " at which \\htbitmap{yi} is required: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        " at which \\htbitmap{yi} is required: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |vList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                      (CONS
@@ -1287,17 +1266,15 @@
                                NIL))
                 (SPADLET |vList| (CONS (CONS '|text| |mid|) |vList|))
                 (SPADLET |midd|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the function below "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the function below ")
                 (SPADLET |midd|
                          (STRCONC |midd|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "{\\em g(x,y)}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "{\\em g(x,y)}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |uList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS 30
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "Y[1]")
+                                       (CONS "Y[1]"
                                         (CONS '|g| (CONS 'EM NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                                NIL))
@@ -1313,16 +1290,14 @@
                                         (APPEND |vList| |uList|)))))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D02CJF - ODEs, IVP, Adams method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output")
+                                                              "D02CJF - ODEs, IVP, Adams method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below \\htbitmap{fi} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below \\htbitmap{fi} ")
+                (|htSay| "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d02cjfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|x| |x|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|xend| |xend|)
@@ -1388,8 +1363,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D02CJF - ODEs, IVP, Adams method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output")
+                                              "D02CJF - ODEs, IVP, Adams method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -1429,7 +1403,7 @@
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|tol| |tol|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|relabs| |relabs|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02cjfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02cjfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
             (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
@@ -1587,8 +1561,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02ejf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02EJF - ODEs, stiff IVP, BDF method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output")
+                    "D02EJF - ODEs, stiff IVP, BDF method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -1637,7 +1610,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02ejfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02ejfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02ejfSolve htPage ==
@@ -1709,14 +1682,14 @@
 (DEFUN |d02ejfSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Y[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
+                    (STRCONC "Y[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -1731,7 +1704,7 @@
   (PROG (|ynam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ynam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "u")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "u"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -1762,10 +1735,10 @@
              (SPADLET |relabs|
                       (COND
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |control| '|mix|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "D"))
+                         "D")
                         ((BOOT-EQUAL |control| '|abs|)
-                         (MAKESTRING "A"))
-                        ('T (MAKESTRING "R"))))
+                         "A")
+                        ('T "R")))
              (SPADLET |iw| (PLUS (TIMES (PLUS |n| 12) |n|) 50))
              (SPADLET |error| (|htpButtonValue| |htPage| '|ifail|))
              (SPADLET |ifail|
@@ -1786,12 +1759,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166444
                                        (|d02ejfSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "values of \\htbitmap{yi}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (PROG (G166452)
                            (SPADLET G166452 NIL)
@@ -1805,12 +1776,10 @@
                 (SPADLET |yList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |yList|))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Intermediate values of {\\it x}"))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Intermediate values of {\\it x}")
                 (SPADLET |mid|
                          (STRCONC |mid|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      " at which \\htbitmap{yi} is required: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        " at which \\htbitmap{yi} is required: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |vList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                      (CONS
@@ -1821,17 +1790,15 @@
                                NIL))
                 (SPADLET |vList| (CONS (CONS '|text| |mid|) |vList|))
                 (SPADLET |midd|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the function below "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the function below ")
                 (SPADLET |midd|
                          (STRCONC |midd|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "{\\em g(x,y)}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "{\\em g(x,y)}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |uList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                                      (CONS
                                       (CONS 30
-                                       (CONS (MAKESTRING "Y[1]")
+                                       (CONS "Y[1]"
                                         (CONS '|g| (CONS 'EM NIL))))
                                       NIL))
                                NIL))
@@ -1847,19 +1814,16 @@
                                         (APPEND |vList| |uList|)))))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D02EJF - ODEs, stiff IVP, BDF method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output")
+                                                              "D02EJF - ODEs, stiff IVP, BDF method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below \\htbitmap{fi} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below \\htbitmap{fi} ")
+                (|htSay| "as functions of Y[1]...Y[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline {\\em Note:} PEDERV is automatically generated using the vector "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "of derivatives given above. "))
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htSay|                              "\\blankline {\\em Note:} PEDERV is automatically generated using the vector ")
+                (|htSay| "of derivatives given above. ")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d02ejfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|x| |x|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|xend| |xend|)
@@ -1930,8 +1894,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D02EJF - ODEs, stiff IVP, BDF method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output")
+                                              "D02EJF - ODEs, stiff IVP, BDF method, until function of solution is zero, intermediate output"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -1976,7 +1939,7 @@
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|relabs| |relabs|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|iw| |iw|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02ejfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02ejfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
             (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
@@ -2154,8 +2117,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02gaf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02GAF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, simple nonlinear problem")
+                    "D02GAF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, simple nonlinear problem"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -2217,7 +2179,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |cfail|
               ("" "  1, print warning messages" |cone|)
               ("" "  0, suppress warning messages" |czero|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02gafSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02gafSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02gafSolve htPage ==
@@ -2318,14 +2280,14 @@
 (DEFUN |d02gafSolve,fa| (|i|)
   (PROG (|prefix| |funct| |nam|)
     (RETURN
-      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline {\\em Function "))
+      (SEQ (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline {\\em Function ")
            (SPADLET |prefix|
                     (STRCONC |prefix| (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
-                             (MAKESTRING ":} \\space{1}")))
+                             ":} \\space{1}"))
            (SPADLET |funct|
-                    (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "Y[") (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
+                    (STRCONC "Y[" (STRINGIMAGE |i|) ']))
            (SPADLET |nam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "n")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "n"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|)
                        (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
@@ -2340,7 +2302,7 @@
   (PROG (|unam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |unam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "u") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "u" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -2361,7 +2323,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166576
                                       (APPEND G166576
                                        (|d02gafSolve,fc| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -2369,7 +2331,7 @@
   (PROG (|vnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |vnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "v") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "v" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -2390,7 +2352,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166599
                                       (APPEND G166599
                                        (|d02gafSolve,fe| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -2398,7 +2360,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 8
@@ -2492,12 +2454,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166622
                                        (|d02gafSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter known or estimated "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter known or estimated ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "values of \\htbitmap{yi} at a and b, ")))
+                                                                        "values of \\htbitmap{yi} at a and b, "))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
                                   '|{\\it U(n,2)}. [\\htbitmap{yi}(a) in the first |))
@@ -2518,16 +2478,13 @@
                 (SPADLET |uList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |uList|))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter {\\it V(n,2)}. "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter {\\it V(n,2)}. ")
                 (SPADLET |mid|
                          (STRCONC |mid|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "If U(i,j) is known V(i,j) ")))
+                                                                        "If U(i,j) is known V(i,j) "))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
                          (STRCONC |mid|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "= 0.0, else V(i,j) = 1.0. \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "= 0.0, else V(i,j) = 1.0. \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |vList|
                          (PROG (G166638)
                            (SPADLET G166638 NIL)
@@ -2550,12 +2507,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166646
                                        (|d02gafSolve,ff| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |end|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial mesh "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the initial mesh ")
                 (SPADLET |end|
                          (STRCONC |end|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      "{\\it X(mnp)}: \\newline ")))
+                                                                        "{\\it X(mnp)}: \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |xList| (CONS (CONS '|text| |end|) |xList|))
                 (SPADLET |equationPart|
                          (CONS '(|domainConditions|
@@ -2568,16 +2523,14 @@
                                         (APPEND |vList| |xList|)))))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D02GAF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, simple nonlinear problem")
+                                                              "D02GAF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, simple nonlinear problem"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below as functions of "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "Y[1]...Y[n]: "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the functions (i.e. the derivatives) below as functions of ")
+                (|htSay| "Y[1]...Y[n]: ")
+                (|htSay| "\\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d02gafGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|a| |a|)
@@ -2727,8 +2680,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '3)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D02GAF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, simple nonlinear problem")
+                                              "D02GAF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, simple nonlinear problem"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -2844,7 +2796,7 @@
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|liw| |liw|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|tol| |tol|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02gafGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02gafGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
             (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
@@ -3080,8 +3032,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02gbf| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02GBF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, general nonlinear problem")
+                    "D02GBF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, general nonlinear problem"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -3139,7 +3090,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |cfail|
               ("" "  1, print warning messages" |cone|)
               ("" "  0, suppress warning messages" |czero|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02gbfSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02gbfSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02gbfSolve htPage ==
@@ -3254,7 +3205,7 @@
   (PROG (|cnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |cnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "c") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "c" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -3275,7 +3226,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166859
                                       (APPEND G166859
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fb| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -3283,7 +3234,7 @@
   (PROG (|dnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |dnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "d") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "d" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -3304,7 +3255,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166882
                                       (APPEND G166882
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fd| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -3312,7 +3263,7 @@
   (PROG (|gamnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |gamnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "gam")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "gam"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -3325,7 +3276,7 @@
   (PROG (|fnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |fnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "f") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "f" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -3346,7 +3297,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G166911
                                       (APPEND G166911
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fg| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -3354,7 +3305,7 @@
   (PROG (|gnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |gnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "g")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "g"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -3367,7 +3318,7 @@
   (PROG (|xnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "x")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "x"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 8
@@ -3457,8 +3408,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G166940
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fa| |i| |n|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the matrix {\\it D}: "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the matrix {\\it D}: ")
                 (SPADLET |middle| (STRCONC |middle| '|\\newline |))
                 (SPADLET |dList|
                          (PROG (G166948)
@@ -3473,8 +3423,7 @@
                 (SPADLET |dList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |dList|))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the vector \\gamma: "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the vector \\gamma: ")
                 (SPADLET |middle| (STRCONC |middle| '|\\newline |))
                 (SPADLET |gamList|
                          (PROG (G166956)
@@ -3486,12 +3435,11 @@
                                      (SETQ G166956
                                       (APPEND G166956
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fe| |i|)))))))))
-                (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
                 (SPADLET |gamList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |gamList|))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the matrix "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the matrix ")
                 (SPADLET |middle|
                          (STRCONC |middle|
                                   '|{\\it F(x)} from the equation {\\it y' =} |))
@@ -3511,10 +3459,9 @@
                 (SPADLET |fList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |fList|))
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the vector {\\it g(x)}: "))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Enter the vector {\\it g(x)}: ")
                 (SPADLET |mid|
-                         (STRCONC |mid| (MAKESTRING "\\newline ")))
+                         (STRCONC |mid| "\\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |gList|
                          (PROG (G166972)
                            (SPADLET G166972 NIL)
@@ -3525,7 +3472,7 @@
                                      (SETQ G166972
                                       (APPEND G166972
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fh| |i|)))))))))
-                (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+                (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
                 (SPADLET |gList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|) |gList|))
                 (SPADLET |xList|
@@ -3539,12 +3486,10 @@
                                       (APPEND G166980
                                        (|d02gbfSolve,fi| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |end|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} The initial mesh {\\it X(mnp)}"))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} The initial mesh {\\it X(mnp)}")
                 (SPADLET |end|
                          (STRCONC |end|
-                                  (MAKESTRING
-                                      ", (all entries = 0 if np < 4): \\newline ")))
+                                                                        ", (all entries = 0 if np < 4): \\newline "))
                 (SPADLET |xList| (CONS (CONS '|text| |end|) |xList|))
                 (SPADLET |equationPart|
                          (CONS '(|domainConditions|
@@ -3559,15 +3504,13 @@
                                           (APPEND |gList| |xList|)))))))
                 (SPADLET |page|
                          (|htInitPage|
-                             (MAKESTRING
-                                 "D02GBF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, general nonlinear problem")
+                                                              "D02GBF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, general nonlinear problem"
                              NIL))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING
-                             "Enter the matrix {\\it C} form the equation {\\it Cy(a) + Dy(b)} "))
-                (|htSay| (MAKESTRING "= \\gamma \\newline "))
+                (|htSay| "\\menuitemstyle{}\\tab{2} ")
+                (|htSay|                              "Enter the matrix {\\it C} form the equation {\\it Cy(a) + Dy(b)} ")
+                (|htSay| "= \\gamma \\newline ")
                 (|htMakePage| |equationPart|)
-                (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue")
+                (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue"
                     '|d02gbfGen|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|n| |n|)
                 (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|a| |a|)
@@ -3720,8 +3663,7 @@
         (SPADLET |n| '2)
         (SPADLET |page|
                  (|htInitPage|
-                     (MAKESTRING
-                         "D02GBF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, general nonlinear problem")
+                                              "D02GBF - ODEs, boundary value problem, finite difference technique with deferred correction, general nonlinear problem"
                      NIL))
         (|htMakePage|
             '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| EM |$EmptyMode|)
@@ -3837,7 +3779,7 @@
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|liw| |liw|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|tol| |tol|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|ifail| |ifail|)
-        (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02gbfGen|)
+        (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02gbfGen|)
         (|htpSetProperty| |page| '|inputArea|
             (|htpInputAreaAlist| |htPage|))
         (|htShowPage|)))))
@@ -4138,8 +4080,7 @@
 (DEFUN |d02kef| ()
   (PROGN
     (|htInitPage|
-        (MAKESTRING
-            "D02KEF - 2nd order Sturm-Liouville problem, regular/singular system, finite/infinite range, eigenvalue and eigenfunction, user-specified break-points")
+                    "D02KEF - 2nd order Sturm-Liouville problem, regular/singular system, finite/infinite range, eigenvalue and eigenfunction, user-specified break-points"
         NIL)
     (|htMakePage|
         '((|domainConditions| (|isDomain| PI (|PositiveInteger|)))
@@ -4202,7 +4143,7 @@
           (|radioButtons| |ifail|
               ("" " -1, Print error messages" |minusOne|)
               ("" "  1, Suppress error messages" |one|))))
-    (|htMakeDoneButton| (MAKESTRING "Continue") '|d02kefSolve|)
+    (|htMakeDoneButton| "Continue" '|d02kefSolve|)
     (|htShowPage|)))
 
 ;d02kefSolve htPage ==
@@ -4297,7 +4238,7 @@
   (PROG (|xpnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |xpnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "xp")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "xp"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 10
@@ -4310,7 +4251,7 @@
   (PROG (|ylnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |ylnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "yl")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "yl"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 42
@@ -4323,7 +4264,7 @@
   (PROG (|yrnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |yrnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "yr")
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "yr"
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |i|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 42
@@ -4336,7 +4277,7 @@
   (PROG (|hnam|)
     (RETURN
       (SEQ (SPADLET |hnam|
-                    (INTERN (STRCONC (MAKESTRING "h") (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
+                    (INTERN (STRCONC "h" (STRINGIMAGE |i|)
                                      (STRINGIMAGE |j|))))
            (EXIT (CONS (CONS '|bcStrings|
                              (CONS (CONS 6
@@ -4357,7 +4298,7 @@
                           (SEQ (EXIT (SETQ G167280
                                       (APPEND G167280
                                        (|d02kefSolve,fe| |i| |j|)))))))))
-           (SPADLET |prefix| (MAKESTRING "\\newline "))
+           (SPADLET |prefix| "\\newline ")
            (EXIT (SPADLET |labelList|
                           (CONS (CONS '|text| |prefix|) |labelList|)))))))
 
@@ -4436,8 +4377,7 @@
                                       (APPEND G167297
                                        (|d02kefSolve,fa| |i|)))))))))
                 (SPADLET |middle|
-                         (MAKESTRING
-                             "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Value of {\\it p} for COEFFN:"))
+                                                      "\\blankline \\menuitemstyle{} \\tab{2} Value of {\\it p} for COEFFN:")
                 (SPADLET |middle| (STRCONC |middle| '|\\newline |))
                 (SPADLET |cList|
                          (CONS (CONS '|text| |middle|)
@@ -4449,8 +4389,7 @@
                                        NIL))
                                   